Ana kiran abubuwa daban-daban da ake amfani da su wajen shirya hadadden gilashi a hade da kayan gilashi. Babban kayan yana nufin kayan da ke shigar da oxides daban-daban a cikin gilashin don samar da babban jikin tsarin gilashin, wanda ke tantance halayen zahiri da sinadarai na gilashin. Manyan kayan sune yashi quartz, feldspar, limestone, dolomite, soda ash da sauransu. Waɗannan kayan gabaɗaya ana samar da su a cikin foda a halin yanzu. (1) kayan silica babban kayan silica shine yashi silica (wanda kuma aka sani da yashi quartz), wanda za'a iya raba shi zuwa yashi silica na halitta da yashi silica da aka sarrafa bisa ga yanayin da yake ciki. Saboda sarkakiyar tsarin samuwarsa, sinadaran da ke cikin yashi silica na halitta sau da yawa yana canzawa sosai, amma rarrabawar girman barbashi yana da daidaito. Don ingancin yashi silica na halitta, ya kamata a mai da hankali don sarrafa sinadaran, canjin abun da ke ciki da ma'adinan nauyi mai tsauri. Sinadarin sinadarai galibi yana sarrafa abun da ke cikin Fez 03, kuma ana kimanta shi kuma ana amfani da shi gwargwadon ingancinsa. An jera ingancin yashi na silica a cikin tebur na 2-16.2) sarrafa yashi na silica sarrafa yashi na silica shine dutsen quartz ko kuma dutsen mai ɗanyen ta hanyar wani tsari na sarrafawa da samar da kayan masarufi na siliceous. Saboda tsarkin ma'adinan quartzite ko dutsen mai yashi gabaɗaya ya fi girma, rashin tsaftar abun ciki ya yi ƙasa da karko, matakin yashi na silica da aka samar ta hanyar sarrafawa ya fi girma kuma ya tabbata. Duk da haka, daga ma'adinan quartzite ko dutsen mai yashi zuwa yashi na silica da ake da shi tare da wani girman hatsi, yana da wuya a sarrafa girman hatsi, don haka farashin yana da yawa. Yashi na silica gabaɗaya ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar danshi, tare da wani abun da ke cikin danshi. Yashi na silica shine abu mafi wahalar narkewa. Girman barbashi, rarraba girman barbashi da siffar barbashi suna da mahimman tasiri akan haɗuwa, narkewa da haɗuwa da haɗin kai na haɗin. Rage girman barbashi yana da amfani ga narkewar gilashi, amma mafi kyau mafi kyau. Foda yashi na silica zai wanzu saboda tarin, gibin granular yana wanzuwa a cikin adadi mai yawa na ƙananan kumfa da aka haifar. Ta hanyar wahalar narkewa, a lokaci guda kuma kasancewar foda na yashi na silica na iya zama da wuri kuma tarin kayan kamar sodium, calcium, magnesium suna amsawa don samar da yawan narkewa na farko, danko, layin kayan tanderu mai sauƙi a cikin tsari, yana haifar da wasu kayan da ba su da ƙarfi a cikin rukunin. Siffar hatsin yashi ya fi kyau tare da siffar kusurwa, saboda siffar kusurwar yankin saman yana da girma, kuma damar haɗuwa da kwararar ruwa, a cikin tsarin haɗawa, jigilar ba ta da sauƙin shimfidawa. Dole ne a duba kuma a yarda da yashi na silica a yankin haƙar ma'adinai. Dole ne a sarrafa yawan danshi na yashi na silica ƙasa da 8% lokacin da aka samar da ma'adinan, kuma ƙasa da 5% lokacin da aka ɗora yashi a cikin wurin aiki. Darajar canjin danshi shine 0.4%. Tebur na 2-17 yana nuna buƙatun ingancin kayan masarufi na siliceous.(2) abubuwan da ke cikin A12 03 a cikin gilashin kwalba na yau da kullun shine 2.0% ~ 5.0%. Manyan kwalaben gilashin farin kayan A12 03 galibi sun ƙunshi alumina da aluminum hydroxide don kamawa, amma suna rage buƙatar ingancin gilashin kwantena da gilashin launi, kuma ana iya zaɓar amfani da sodium feldspar, potassium feldspar, ko calcium feldspar don zana amfani da feldspar spectacular A120 3 a lokaci guda, sassan feldspar Naz O ko K2 0 na iya maye gurbin wani ɓangare na ash na soda, yana da amfani ga tsarin narkewar gilashin. Duk da haka, abubuwan da ke cikin ƙarfe a cikin feldspar gabaɗaya sun fi girma, Fe2 03 ƙasa da 0.1% na kaɗan kaɗan, don haka ana iya amfani da shi kawai don kwalba da kwalba na yau da kullun, kuma ba za a iya amfani da shi don kwalba da kwalba na gilashi mai daraja ba. Ana iya raba Feldspar bisa ga abubuwan da ke cikin sinadarai daban-daban zuwa huɗu. Nau'ikan potassium feldspar, sodium feldspar, calcium feldspar, barium feldspar. A yanayi, akwai ƙarancin adadin da aka tara na feldspars guda huɗu, waɗanda yawancinsu an haɗa su da sauran ma'adanai a cikin rabo daban-daban. Tebur na 2-18 ya lissafa buƙatun inganci don kayan feldspar.(3) Na20, kayan da aka tara na sodium oxide, kyakkyawan kwarara ne ga gilashi. Saboda haka, abubuwan da ke cikin Na20 a cikin sinadaran da ke cikin kwalaben gilashi da gwangwani suna da alaƙa da yanayin narkewar gilashi, wanda galibi yana cikin kewayon 14% ~ 16% a halin yanzu. Ash na soda galibi ana shigar da Na2 0 a cikin gilashin kwalba. Ash na soda wani nau'in kayan sinadarai ne na asali, babban kayan sa shine Naz C03. Ash na soda an raba shi zuwa soda mai lu'ulu'u (Na2 C03·10H20) da soda mai calcined (Naz C03). Yawancin tokar soda da ake amfani da ita a masana'antar gilashi soda ce da aka yi da calcined ba tare da ruwan kristal da aka yi ta hanyar ammonia alkali ba. Tokar soda mai calcined foda ce mai launin fari, mai narkewa cikin ruwa cikin sauƙi, mai sauƙin sha ruwa a cikin iska kuma tana da ɗanɗano, ana buƙatar a adana ta a cikin busasshiyar ma'ajiyar. Tokar soda tana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar farashin gilashi. Ya kamata a fi son alkali mai nauyi don gilashin kwalba. Idan aka kwatanta da alkali mai haske, alkali mai nauyi yana da sassauƙa mai kyau, hygroscopicity, ƙarancin tashi da yanayin layi, wanda zai iya inganta daidaito da saurin narkewar mahaɗin. Amma barbashi masu kauri da soda ba za su iya yin aiki tare da sauran kayan da ke hana ruwa shiga cikin kayan daidai ba don taimakawa tasirin haɗuwa, zai haifar da rashin daidaito da cakuda kayan da kanta, yana shafar ingancin narkewar gilashi da haske, saboda haka, kewayon girman barbashi mai dacewa na 0.22 ~ 0.42 mm. Wurin yana da tsawon lokaci ana shan ash na soda, wanda galibi yana ɗauke da kashi 5% ~ 8% na ruwa, lokacin da amfani ya kamata ya zama tantance danshi akan lokaci. Rashin wutar lantarki ash na soda yayin narkewar gilashi shine 0.5% ~ 3.2%. Ash na soda mai kauri sau da yawa yana ɗauke da ƙaramin adadin Nacl, saboda Cl yana aiki sosai, lalacewar da ke haifar da rashin ƙarfi yana da matuƙar tsanani. Yawan ash na soda yana da yawa, kuma tarin Cl a cikin maganin gilashin ya jawo hankalin masana'antu kwanan nan.(4) rawar da potassium oxide (K20) ke takawa a cikin gilashi yayi kama da na Na20. A cikin samar da kwalba da kwalbar gilashi, ana amfani da ƙaramin adadin K20 don maye gurbin ƙaramin ɓangare na Na20, wanda zai iya ƙara ma'aunin haske na gilashi da inganta sheƙi da watsa samfuran. Kwanciyar sinadarai na oxides na alkali guda biyu a cikin gilashi ya fi na oxide alkali guda ɗaya. A cikin rabo na biyun, akwai mafi kyawun ma'ana, abin da ke faruwa shine. Tasirin tushe mai gauraye. Tasirin K20 akan ƙimar faɗaɗa zafi na gilashi ya fi na Na20 girma. Saboda haka, lokacin maye gurbin wani ɓangare na Na20 da K20, ya kamata a yi la'akari da tasirin faɗaɗa zafi na gilashi. K20 a cikin gilashin kwalba gabaɗaya ana gabatar da shi ta hanyar yin amfani da potassium carbonate. Lokacin da aka narke potassium carbonate a cikin gilashi, asarar K20 mai canzawa kusan kashi 12% na nauyinsa. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don ingancin potassium carbonate sune: K2 C03 ƙasa da 96%, na2040.2%, KCI+K2 S04 43.5%, ruwa mara narkewa < 0.3%, ruwa -3%. Farashin potash ya fi ash soda girma, saboda wannan, a wajen kwalbar da gilashin da aka buƙata ta musamman, yawancin kwalba da gilashin ba sa amfani da potash don zana potassium oxide kai tsaye, a ɗauki potassium oxide tare da feldspar maimakon haka.(5) Gabatar da sinadarin calcium oxide, sinadarin calcium oxide (Ca0) a cikin gilashin, shine babban aikin mai daidaita, wato, ƙara daidaiton sinadarai da ƙarfin injina na gilashin, amma lokacin da abun ciki ya yi yawa, zai iya sa yanayin kristal na gilashin ya ƙaru, kuma yana da sauƙin sa gilashin ya yi rauni. Yawan Cao a cikin gilashin kwalba na yau da kullun shine 7% ~ 11%, gabaɗaya ba fiye da 12.5% ba. Cao a cikin zafin jiki mai yawa zai iya rage ɗanɗanon gilashin, haɓaka narkewa da bayyana gilashin amma idan zafin ya ragu, danko yana ƙaruwa da sauri, wanda hakan ke sa ƙirar ta yi wahala, saboda haka, adadin Cao da ke cikin gilashin, ban da la'akari da tasirin Cao akan halayen gilashin, ya kamata a yi la'akari da hanyar ƙera gilashin da sauran abubuwa. Gilashin da ke da siffar Cao mai girma ya kamata ya shiga cikin tanderun annealing da sauri, ko kuma samfurin zai iya fashewa cikin sauƙi. Lokacin narkewar gilashin sodium-calcium, ya fi kyau a kusanci 21 tare da Na0Ca0. Babban kayan da ake amfani da su a cikin gilashin kwalba sune dutse mai laushi, calcite da alli. Ana amfani da dutse mai ɗauke da Fez 03 40.015% wajen samar da kayan aiki da kayan farin. Ana amfani da dutse mai laushi wanda ke ɗauke da Fez 03 ƙasa da 0.04% wajen samar da gilashi mai launi. Ya kamata a sarrafa ruwan da ke cikin dutse mai laushi ƙasa da 1%. Idan abun da ke cikin gilashi yana buƙatar sinadarin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi ya zama mai tsauri, ana iya maye gurbinsa da calcite, wanda ya fi tsarki fiye da dutse mai laushi, amma kuma ya fi tsada. (6) adadin magnesium oxide (Mgo) a cikin sinadaran da ke cikin kwalaben gilashi da gwangwani gabaɗaya ƙasa da 2%. Lokacin amfani da Mgo na ɓangare don maye gurbin Cao na ɓangare, yana iya ƙara ɗanko lokacin da ruwan vitreous yake da zafi sosai, yana iya sa saurin taurarewar vitreous ya zama mai jinkiri, yana sa jima'i ya yi tsayi, yana inganta yanayin vitreous da rage yanayin kristal ɗinsa, calcium, magnesium da 2 valence alkaline earth metal oxide na iya inganta daidaiton sinadarai na vitreous, yana hana samfurin ya faɗi a cikin yanayi mai danshi na dogon lokaci.Middew.Phenomenon.Gabaɗaya, ya kamata a sarrafa adadin maye gurbin ƙasa da 3%, yayin da adadin maye gurbin ya fi 3%, wanda zai shafi narkewar gilashin da samuwarsa. Ana amfani da shi don tunanin cewa dolomite da dutse mai laushi na ƙananan barbashi su narke, amma tare da zurfafa bincike kan inji. na gilashin zafin jiki mai zafi, zai sami shaƙar dolomite mai shiga tsakanin manyan barbashi na silica, yana hana yashi shiga cikin amsawar, yayin da ƙananan barbashi na dutse a farkon amsawar silicate ba a jika su ta hanyar matakin farko ba, babban ruwan zai iya ratsa gibin da ke tsakanin babban dolomite na hatsi, farar ƙasa, yashi na silica don jika kewaye, yana ƙara yawan amsawar silicate. Duk da haka, a matakin ƙarshe, iskar gas da aka saki ta hanyar rugujewa da narkewar su cikin sauri suna taimakawa wajen fayyace da daidaita ruwan gilashin. An gano cewa lokacin da ƙwayoyin biyu suka ƙaru zuwa 2.5mm, halayen narkewa da haske na gilashin suna inganta sosai, kuma lokacin da girman ƙwayoyin ya fi 3mm, halayen narkewa da haske na gilashin suna raguwa sosai. Saboda haka, ya kamata a sarrafa iyakar saman ƙwayoyin dolomite da na dutse mai daraja a cikin wani takamaiman kewayon. A halin yanzu, amfani da babban ƙwayar dolomite, da na dutse mai daraja abu ne da ake yi a zahiri. A cikin ainihin samarwa, lokacin ƙididdige dabarar gilashin, ana amfani da dolomite don gabatar da Mgo, kuma rashin isasshen ɓangaren Cao ana ƙara masa dutse mai daraja ko calcite. Idan abun da ke cikin gilashin bai ƙunshi Cao ba, ba za a iya amfani da dolomite don jawo hankalin Mgo a cikin gilashin ba, ya kamata ya zaɓi magnesium carbonate don jawo hankalin Mg0. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don ingancin dolomite sune Mg0≥20%, Cao < 32%, Fe2O3 < 0.15%.(7) gabatarwar barium oxide raw oxide barium oxide (Bao) a matsayin gilashi kuma Cao da Mgo iri ɗaya ne, amma gilashin da ke ɗauke da barium da Cao gilashi, mai kyau mai sheƙi, digiri mai yawa yana da girma, gabaɗaya a cikin gilashin kwalba mai launi na 0.5% ~ 1% Bao don inganta sheƙi na gilashin. Bao na iya hanzarta narkewa, bayyanawa da hana lu'ulu'u na gilashi, amma lokacin da adadin ya yi yawa, saboda faruwar amsawar 2Ba0 1002 2Ba02, bayyanawar gilashin yana da wahala, kuma kayan da ke da ƙarfi da na roba suna da mafi girman yashewa. Barium sulfate na halitta (BaS04) wanda aka sani da barite, BaS04 yana ɗauke da babban adadin canje-canje, kuma abubuwan da ke cikin ƙazanta suma suna da yawa, ana amfani da su ne kawai don ingancin buƙatun gilashi ba su da yawa. BaS04 na masana'antu Ana amfani da shi galibi a cikin gilashin fluorine opacitys da gilashin kwaikwaiyo na jade a cikin gilashin kwalba, yana sa gilashin ya haifar da tasirin opacity mai rauni. Amma yana faruwa lokacin da kuka yi amfani da ruwa da yawa. Gilashin ruwa., ga kayan da ba su da ƙarfi, masu jujjuyawa, ƙira da ingancin samfura don kawo jerin illoli. Samar da gilashin kwalba da gwangwani, galibi ana shigar da Bao ta hanyar barium carbonate na masana'antu. Bugu da ƙari, kayan da ke ɗauke da barium suna da wani guba, a cikin aikin tattarawa ya kamata a kula da kariya. Bukatun inganci don barium carbonate na masana'antu sune Bac03 97%, Fe2 03 40.1% da acid wanda ba ya narkewa 3%.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-14-2020