Ɗaya daga cikin matakai na farko da masu samar da ruwa na birni ke amfani da su wajen shirya ruwa don rarrabawa shine samun shi a sarari kuma ba shi da ƙwayoyin cuta kamar yadda zai yiwu. Don cimma wannan, ana shafa ruwan da aluminum sulfate wanda aka fi sani da alum, wanda ke aiki a matsayin flocculent. Ruwan da ba a sarrafa ba sau da yawa yana ɗauke da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da aka dakatar waɗanda suke da wahalar kamawa daga matattara. Alum yana sa su haɗu wuri ɗaya don su iya zama daga cikin ruwa ko kuma su makale cikin sauƙi ta hanyar matattara.
Yawanci ana zuba cakuda ruwa mai kashi 48 cikin ɗari na alum a cikin ruwan da ba a tace ba, wanda ke shiga tsakanin sassa 18 zuwa 24 a kowace miliyan. Alum yana haɓaka haɗakar ƙwayoyin cuta masu laushi wanda ke taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin launi da kuma datti. Idan aka ba wa tsarin isasshen lokaci don aiki kuma aka yi amfani da shi yadda ya kamata, ba wai kawai yana gyara matsalolin da ke cikin ruwa ba, har ma yana haifar da cire yawancin aluminum da ake amfani da shi a cikin aikin.
Duk da cewa sau da yawa ana nuna damuwa game da amincin maganin ruwa da aluminum, babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa aluminum a cikin ruwa, ko ya fito ne daga aluminum sulfate da ake amfani da shi wajen magani ko kuma daga wasu hanyoyi, matsala ce ta lafiya.
Yawancin abubuwan da ake amfani da su a aluminum suna fitowa ne daga aluminum wanda ke faruwa a zahiri a cikin abinci, aluminum da ake amfani da shi a cikin marufi na abinci, da kuma daga samfuran kamar deodorants da alluran rigakafi.
Akwai nau'ikan coagulants na farko waɗanda za a iya amfani da su a cikin masana'antar tace ruwa. Ɗaya daga cikin farkon, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai, shine aluminum sulfate, wanda aka fi sani da alum. Ana iya siyan alum a cikin ruwa mai yawan 8.3%, ko kuma a cikin busasshiyar siffa mai yawan 17%. Idan aka ƙara alum a cikin ruwa, yana amsawa da ruwan kuma yana haifar da ions masu caji mai kyau.
Coagulation/flocculation tsari ne da ake amfani da shi don cire turbidity, launi, da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta daga ruwa. A cikin ɗakin haɗa haske, ana ƙara sinadarai a cikin ruwan kuma a gauraya su da ƙarfi na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Waɗannan coagulants sun ƙunshi manyan coagulants da/ko abubuwan taimakawa coagulant. Sannan, a cikin kwano na flocculation, ana juyawa ruwan a hankali na tsawon mintuna 30 zuwa 45 don ba wa sinadaran lokaci don yin aiki da kuma haɓaka samuwar floc. Daga nan floc ɗin ya kwanta a cikin kwano na sedimentation.
Coagulation yana cire colloids da daskararru da aka dakatar daga ruwa. Waɗannan barbashi suna da cajin negative, don haka sinadarai masu karɓar coagulant masu karɓar positive suna rage su yayin coagulation. Sannan, a lokacin flocculation, ana haɗa barbashi tare ta hanyar ƙarfin van der Waal, suna samar da floc. Tsarin coagulation/flocculation yana shafar pH, gishiri, alkalinity, turbidity, zafin jiki, gaurayawa, da sinadarai masu haɗa coagulant.
Ana amfani da aluminum sulfate sosai a matsayin flocculent a cikin masana'antun tace ruwa a ƙasashe masu tasowa. Haka kuma ana samunsa sosai a ƙasashe masu tasowa, ana sayar da shi a cikin tubalan dutse mai laushi, wanda galibi ake kira alum. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na amfani da alum a matsayin flocculent, gami da niƙa shi ya zama foda kafin a ƙara shi a cikin ruwa, juyawa da cirewa ko jujjuya duk dutsen a cikin ruwa na ɗan lokaci kaɗan sannan a jira daskararrun su lanƙwasa. Amfanin alum shine cewa yana samuwa sosai, an tabbatar yana rage turbidity, kuma ba shi da tsada. Rashin kyawun alum shine cewa yawan da ake buƙata ya bambanta ba tare da an yi tsammani ba. Nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje ya nuna cewa alum yana da tasiri wajen rage turbidity da buƙatar chlorine.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-14-2020