Fitar da ruwa daga ruwa takobi ne mai kaifi biyu. A Amurka, an ƙara sinadarin fluoride a yawancin magudanan ruwa domin hana ruɓewar haƙori. (Ya kamata in ambaci cewa sinadarin fluoride yana faruwa a yawancin wuraren shan ruwa a duk faɗin duniya). Duk da haka, sinadarin fluoride na iya yin illa ga ƙashi idan aka sha shi da yawa, kuma yana iya zama mai kisa idan aka sha shi da yawa.
Alumina mai aiki da aka kunna yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage yawan sinadarin fluoride a cikin ruwa. Ta hanyar yin haka, alumina mai aiki yana barin isasshen sinadarin fluoride a cikin ruwa don mutane su sami fa'idodin da zai iya samu a fannin lafiya, yayin da a lokaci guda kuma yana tabbatar da cewa yawan sinadarin fluoride da ke lalata lafiya bai kasance a cikin ruwan sha ba.
A shekarar 1994, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a rage yawan sinadarin fluoride a cikin ruwa daga 0.5-1mg/L. Ya kamata a rage yawan sinadarin fluoride da ke sama da 1mg, wanda za a iya yi ta hanyoyi uku daban-daban: ta amfani da sinadarai da ruwan sama, ta amfani da fasahar membrane, ko kuma ta hanyar musayar ion da sha.
Sau da yawa ana amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin a hade. Misali, idan matakin fluoride ya wuce 15ppm, ana amfani da lemun tsami wanda ke ƙarƙashin sinadarai kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da nau'in ruwan sama domin suna iya jure yawan sinadarin fluoride. Da zarar an rage wannan matakin ta amfani da lemun tsami, ya kamata a yi amfani da alumina mai kunnawa, wacce ke ƙarƙashin rukunin sha, don rage yawan sinadarin fluoride zuwa ƙasa da 1ppm tunda alumina mai kunnawa zai iya tsarkake ruwa har zuwa 99%.
Ta yaya Alumina da aka kunnaaiki wajen cire fluoride daga ruwa?
Alumina mai aiki yana shanye fluoride saboda fluoride yana jan hankalin alumina. Yana son yin aluminum fluoride wanda yake yi da zarar ya hadu da alumina mai aiki. Alumina fluoride zai ci gaba da makale a cikin beads na alumina muddin matakin pH na ruwan ya kasance ƙasa da 6. Idan pH na ruwa ya kasance ƙasa da 6, ingancin alumina mai aiki zai fara raguwa. Hakanan yana iya barin aluminum ya shiga cikin ruwanka, kodayake aluminum ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa.
Lura: Ana amfani da reverse osmosis don cire aluminum daga ruwa, haka nan wasu na'urorin tacewa. Aluminum ba ya shiga ruwa sosai saboda ruwa yana da wahalar narkewa.
Ana ba da shawarar ku yi wa alumina da aka kunna da aluminum sulfate kafin ku yi amfani da shi domin inganta sharar farko. Bayan an riga an yi masa magani, yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa halayen sharar da aka kunna da alumina da aka kunna sun dogara ne da yawan kwararar da aka yi. Duk da cewa an kunna shi zai iya jure yawan kwararar da aka yi kuma har yanzu yana aiki, ƙarfin shararsa yana raguwa kuma wannan na iya haifar da ƙarin zagayowar. Sau biyu yawan kwararar ya ba da damar ƙarin fluoride 33% ta cikin gadajen alumina da aka kunna, don haka rage tasirin alumina da aka kunna wajen sharar fluoride.
Akwai yiwuwar wasu ions su tsoma baki ga tsarin shaye-shaye yayin aiki da alumina mai kunnawa, wannan ya faru ne saboda ruwa a Amurka wanda ke ɗauke da wasu ions. Waɗannan ions galibi sodium chloride ne, sodium sulfate, da sodium bicarbonate. Sodium chloride da sodium sulfate ba sa tsoma baki ga tsarin shaye-shaye, amma sodium bicarbonate na iya rage ƙarfin alumina mai kunnawa tsakanin kashi 33% zuwa 70%.
Ana iya sake farfaɗo da alumina da aka kunna kamar yawancin masu bushewa. Ana shafa sodium hydroxide, aluminum sulfate, ko sulfuric acid a cikin ruwan leya tare da alumina da aka kunna, wanda ke ba da damar sake farfaɗo da mai sha. Da zarar an sake farfaɗo da alumina da aka kunna, ana iya ci gaba da sake amfani da shi, kuma idan aka yi amfani da shi yadda ya kamata, alumina da aka kunna zai iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa.
Alumina mai aiki yana da mahimmanci wajen cire sinadarin fluoride a cikin ruwa har zuwa kashi 99% da kuma sanya ruwa ya zama mai aminci ga mutane su sha.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-05-2019