Izinto ezahlukahlukene ezisetshenziswa ukulungisa ama-glass complexes zibizwa ngokuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zeglasi. Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko zibhekisela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezifaka ama-oxide ahlukahlukene engilazini ukuze zakhe umzimba oyinhloko wesakhiwo seglasi, okunquma izakhiwo eziyisisekelo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zeglasi. Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko yisihlabathi se-quartz, i-feldspar, i-limestone, i-dolomite, i-soda ash njalo njalo. Lezi zinto zokusetshenziswa ngokuvamile zinikezwa ngempuphu njengamanje.(1) izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silica izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko ze-silica yisihlabathi se-silica (esaziwa nangokuthi isihlabathi se-quartz), esingahlukaniswa sibe isihlabathi se-silica yemvelo kanye nesihlabathi se-silica esicutshungulwayo ngokwesimo saso esikhona ngokwemvelo. Ngenxa yobunzima benqubo yokwakheka kwaso, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwesihlabathi se-silica yemvelo kuvame ukushintshashintsha kakhulu, kodwa ukusatshalaliswa kobukhulu bezinhlayiya zaso kuyafana. Ngekhwalithi yesihlabathi se-silica yemvelo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukulawula ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ukuguquguquka kokwakheka kanye namaminerali anesisindo esiphikisayo. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kulawula kakhulu okuqukethwe yi-Fez 03, futhi kulinganiswa futhi kusetshenziswe ngokwekhwalithi yayo. Ukuhlelwa kwekhwalithi yesihlabathi se-silica kubalwe kuthebula 2-16.2) ukucubungula isihlabathi se-silica ukucubungula isihlabathi se-silica kuyitshe le-quartz noma i-sandstone eluhlaza ngenqubo ethile yokucubungula nokukhiqizwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-siliceous. Ngenxa yokuthi ubumsulwa be-quartzite noma i-sandstone ore ngokuvamile buphakeme, okuqukethwe kokungcola kuncane futhi kuzinzile, izinga lesihlabathi se-silica esikhiqizwa ngokucubungula liphakeme futhi lizinzile. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ku-quartzite noma i-sandstone ore kuya esihlabathini se-silica esitholakalayo esinosayizi othile wokusanhlamvu, kunzima ukulawula usayizi wokusanhlamvu, ngakho-ke izindleko ziphezulu. Isihlabathi se-silica ngokuvamile sicutshungulwa ngendlela emanzi, enokuqukethwe okuthile komswakama. Isihlabathi se-silica siyinto enzima kakhulu ukuyincibilikisa. Usayizi wezinhlayiya, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nesimo sezinhlayiya kunemiphumela ebalulekile ekuxubeni, ekuncibilikeni nasekuhlanganiseni kwenhlanganisela. Ukwehla kosayizi wezinhlayiya kuzuzisa ekuncibilikeni kwengilazi, kodwa uma kuncane kakhulu kungcono. Impuphu yesihlabathi se-silica izoba khona ngenxa yeqoqo, igebe le-granular likhona enanini elikhulu lama-bubble amancane abangelwa ukuncibilika. ubunzima, ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ukuba khona kwempuphu yesihlabathi se-silica kungaba ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye neqoqo lezinto ezifana ne-sodium, i-calcium, i-magnesium ekuphenduleni ukukhiqiza ubuningi bokuncibilika okuyinhloko, i-viscosity, ungqimba lwezinto zesithando esibangela kalula endaweni, okubangela ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa eziphikisayo kuqoqo. Ukuma kwezinhlayiya zesihlabathi kungcono ngesimo se-angular, ngoba isimo se-angular sendawo engaphezulu sikhulu, futhi amathuba okuxhumana kwe-flux, enkambisweni yokuxuba, ukuthuthwa akulula ukuwabeka. Isihlabathi se-silica kumele sihlolwe futhi samukelwe endaweni yokumba. Okuqukethwe komswakama kwesihlabathi se-silica kumele kulawulwe ngaphansi kuka-8% lapho kukhiqizwa i-ore, nangaphansi kuka-5% lapho isihlabathi silayishwa endaweni yokusebenzela. Inani lokuguquguquka komswakama lingu-0.4%. Ithebula 2-17 libonisa izidingo zekhwalithi zezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-siliceous. (2) okuqukethwe yi-A12 03 engilazini yebhodlela evamile ngokuvamile kungu-2.0% ~ 5.0%. Amabhodlela engilazi amhlophe aphezulu e-A12 03 akhiwe kakhulu yi-alumina ne-aluminium hydroxide ukuze abambe, kodwa anciphisa isidingo sekhwalithi yengilazi yesitsha kanye nengilazi yombala, futhi angakhetha ukusebenzisa i-sodium feldspar, i-potassium feldspar, noma i-calcium feldspar ukuze kudonswe ekusetshenzisweni kwe-feldspar emangalisayo i-A120 3 ngasikhathi sinye, izingxenye ze-feldspar i-Naz O noma i-K2 0 zingathatha indawo yengxenye yomlotha wesoda, zizuzisa uhlelo lokuncibilikisa ingilazi. Kodwa-ke, okuqukethwe kwensimbi ku-feldspar evamile kuphakeme, i-Fe2 03 ingaphansi kuka-0.1% kwabambalwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa kuphela ebhodleleni elijwayelekile kanye nengilazi yebhodlela, futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ibhodlela lezinga eliphezulu kanye nengilazi yebhodlela. I-Feldspar ngokwesakhiwo sayo samakhemikhali esihlukile ingahlukaniswa ibe yizine. izinhlobo ze-potassium feldspar, i-sodium feldspar, i-calcium feldspar, i-barium feldspar. Ngokwemvelo, kunezindawo ezimbalwa ezifakwayo zama-feldspar amane, iningi lawo lixutshwe namanye amaminerali ngezilinganiso ezahlukene. Ithebula 2-18 libala izidingo zekhwalithi zezinto ze-feldspar.(3) I-Na20, izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-sodium oxide, iyindlela enhle yokushintshashintsha ingilazi. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe yi-Na20 ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali kwamabhodlela engilazi namathini kuhlobene kakhulu nezimo zokuncibilika kwengilazi, okuvame ukuba sebangeni lika-14% ~ 16% njengamanje. Ingilazi yebhodlela i-Na2 0 ifakwa kakhulu yi-soda ash. I-soda ash uhlobo lwezinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali, ingxenye yayo eyinhloko yi-Naz C03. I-soda ash ihlukaniswe yi-crystal soda (Na2 C03 · 10H20) kanye ne-calcined soda (Naz C03). Iningi lomlotha wesoda osetshenziswa embonini yengilazi yi-soda ene-calcium ngaphandle kwamanzi ekristalu enziwe ngendlela ye-ammonia alkali. Umlotha wesoda one-calcium uyimpuphu emhlophe, encibilika kalula emanzini, kulula ukumunca amanzi emoyeni kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi, ukubilisa, okudingeka igcinwe endaweni yokugcina izinto eyomile. Umlotha wesoda ungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezithinta izindleko zengilazi. I-alkali enzima kufanele ikhethwe ngengilazi yebhodlela. Uma iqhathaniswa ne-alkali elula, i-alkali esindayo inokukhululeka okuhle, i-hygroscopicity, ukuthambekela kokundiza okuncane kanye nokubeka izingqimba, okungathuthukisa ukufana kanye nesivinini sokuncibilika kwenhlanganisela. Kodwa izinhlayiya ze-soda ash ezijiyile kakhulu azikwazi ukubambisana ngempumelelo nezinye izinto eziphikisayo ezintweni ngokulinganayo zisiza umphumela wokuhlanganiswa, kuzoholela ekungalinganini nengxube yezinto ngokwazo, kuthinte ikhwalithi yokuncibilika kwengilazi nokucaca, ngakho-ke, ububanzi obufanele bosayizi bezinhlayiya obungu-0.22 ~ 0.42 mm. Indawo ehlala isikhathi eside yomlotha wesoda, ovame ukuqukethe amanzi angu-5% ~ 8%, lapho isetshenziswa kufanele kunqunywe umswakama ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukuguquguquka komlotha wesoda ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kwengilazi kungu-0.5% ~ 3.2%. Umlotha wesoda one-calcined uvame ukuqukethe inani elincane le-Nacl, ngoba i-Cl isebenza kakhulu, ukuguguleka kokungaguquki kubi kakhulu. Inani lomlotha wesoda likhulu, futhi ukuqongelela kwe-Cl esixazululweni sengilazi muva nje kudonsele ukunaka kwemboni. (4) indima ye-potassium oxide (K20) engilazini ifana neka-Na20. Ekukhiqizweni kwengilazi yamabhodlela nethini, inani elincane le-K20 lisetshenziswa ukufaka esikhundleni sengxenye encane ye-Na20, okungakhulisa inkomba yokukhanya kwengilazi futhi kuthuthukise ukukhanya nokudluliselwa kwemikhiqizo. Ukuqina kwamakhemikhali kwama-alkali oxide amabili engilazini kungcono kunokwe-alkali oxide eyodwa. Esilinganisweni salokhu okubili, kukhona iphuzu elihle kakhulu, into eyenzeka. Umphumela wesisekelo oxubile. Umphumela we-K2 0 ku-coefficient yokwanda kokushisa kwengilazi mkhulu kunowe-Na20. Ngakho-ke, lapho kufakwa ingxenye ye-Na20 ku-K20, kufanele kucatshangelwe ithonya ku-coefficient yokwanda kokushisa kwengilazi. I-K20 engilazini yamabhodlela ngokuvamile ifakwa yi-calcining potassium carbonate. Uma i-potassium carbonate incibilikiswa engilazini, ukulahleka kwe-K20 okuguquguqukayo kucishe kube ngu-12% wobunzima bayo. Izidingo zekhwalithi ze-potassium carbonate yilezi: K2 C03 ngaphansi kuka-96%, na2040.2%, KCI+K2 S04 43.5%, amanzi angancibiliki < 0.3%, amanzi -3%. Intengo ye-potassium iphakeme kune-soda ash, ngoba lokhu, ngaphandle kwebhodlela kanye nengilazi yethini yesidingo esikhethekile, iningi lamabhodlela kanye nengilazi yethini alisebenzisi i-potassium ukudonsa i-potassium oxide ngqo, thatha i-potassium oxide ne-feldspar esikhundleni salokho. (5) Ukwethulwa kwe-calcium oxide impahla eluhlaza i-calcium oxide (Ca0) engilazini kuyindima eyinhloko yokuzinza, okungukuthi, ukwandisa ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali kanye namandla okusebenza engilazini, kodwa uma okuqukethwe kuphakeme kakhulu, kungenza ukuthambekela kwe-crystallization yengilazi kwande, futhi kulula ukwenza ingilazi ibe brittle. Okuqukethwe kwe-Cao engilazini yebhodlela evamile kungu-7% ~ 11%, ngokuvamile kungabi ngaphezu kuka-12.5%. I-Cao ekushiseni okuphezulu inganciphisa i-viscosity yengilazi, ikhuthaze ukuncibilika kanye ukucaciswa kwengilazi kodwa lapho izinga lokushisa lehla, i-viscosity iyanda ngokushesha okukhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukubumba, ngakho-ke, ukuthi kungakanani okuqukethwe yi-Cao engilazini, ngaphezu kokucabangela ithonya le-Cao ezimpahleni zengilazi, kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe indlela yokubumba ingilazi nezinye izinto. Ingilazi enesimo se-Cao esiphezulu kufanele isheshe ingene esithandweni sokufaka amanzi, noma umkhiqizo kulula ukuwuqhumisa. Lapho kuncibilikiswa ingilazi ye-sodium-calcium, kungcono ukusondela ku-21 nge-Na0Ca0. Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa engilazini yebhodlela yi-limestone, i-calcite kanye ne-chalk. I-limestone equkethe i-Fez 03 40.015% isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izitsha nezinto ezimhlophe. I-limestone equkethe i-Fez 03 engaphansi kuka-0.04% isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ingilazi enemibala. Okuqukethwe kwamanzi e-limestone kufanele kulawulwe ngaphansi kuka-1%. Uma ukwakheka kwengilazi kudinga ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-iron oxide kube nzima kakhulu, kungashintshwa yi-calcite, ehlanzekile kakhulu kune-limestone, kodwa futhi ibiza kakhulu. (6) inani le-magnesium oxide (Mgo) ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali kwamabhodlela engilazi namathini ngokuvamile lingaphansi kuka-2%. Uma usebenzisa i-Mgo engaphelele ukuze ushintshe i-Cao engaphelele, kungandisa i-viscosity lapho uketshezi lwe-vitreous lushisa kakhulu, kungenza ijubane lokuqina kwe-vitreous libe lincane, okwenza ubulili bube bude, kuthuthukise impahla ye-vitreous futhi kunciphise ukuthambekela kwayo kwe-crystallization, i-calcium, i-magnesium kanye ne-2 valence alkaline earth metal oxide kungathuthukisa ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali kwe-vitreous, kuvimbele umkhiqizo ukuthi uwele endaweni emanzi isikhathi eside. I-Mildew. I-Phenomenon. Ngokuvamile, inani lokufakwa esikhundleni kufanele lilawulwe ngaphansi kuka-3%, kanti inani lokufakwa esikhundleni lingaphezu kuka-3%, okuzothinta ukuncibilika nokwakheka kwengilazi. Bekucatshangwa ukuthi i-dolomite kanye ne-limestone yezinhlayiya ezincane ziyancibilika, kodwa ngokujula kocwaningo mayelana nendlela yokusebenza. Iqoqo lengilazi lokushisa eliphezulu, lizothola ukumuncwa kwezinhlayiya ze-dolomite ezizungezile izinhlayiya ezinkulu ze-silica, kuvimbele isihlabathi ukuthi sihlanganyele ekusabeleni, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ze-limestone eziqinile ekuqaleni kokusabela kwe-silica zingamanziswa yisigaba esiyinhloko, uketshezi oluyinhloko lungadlula kahle ezikhaleni eziphakathi kwe-dolomite enkulu yokusanhlamvu, i-limestone, isihlabathi se-silica ukuze kumanziswe zizungezwe, futhi kwandise izinga lokusabela kwe-silica. Kodwa-ke, esigabeni sakamuva, amagesi akhishwa ngokubola kwawo okusheshayo nokuncibilika ahambisana nokucaciswa kanye nokuhlanganiswa koketshezi lwengilazi. Kutholakale ukuthi lapho izinhlayiya ezimbili zikhula zibe ngu-2.5mm, izakhiwo zokuncibilika nokucaca kwengilazi zithuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi lapho usayizi wezinhlayiya ungaphezu kuka-3mm, izakhiwo zokuncibilika nokucaca kwengilazi zincishiswa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, umkhawulo ophezulu wezinhlayiya ze-dolomite kanye ne-limestone kufanele ulawulwe ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuthile. Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwe-dolomite enkulu yokusanhlamvu, i-limestone kuyisitayela. Ekukhiqizweni kwangempela, lapho kubalwa ifomula yengilazi, i-dolomite isetshenziselwa ukwethula i-Mgo, kanti ingxenye enganele ye-Cao ifakwa i-limestone noma i-calcite. Uma ukwakheka kwengilazi kungenayo i-Cao, i-dolomite ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ukuheha i-Mgo engilazini, kufanele ikhethe i-magnesium carbonate ukuheha i-Mg0. Izidingo zekhwalithi ze-dolomite yi-Mg0≥20%, i-Cao <32%, i-Fe2O3 <0.15%.(7) Ukwethulwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-barium oxide i-barium oxide (i-Bao) njengengilazi kanye ne-Cao ne-Mgo ngokuyisisekelo kuyafana, kodwa ingilazi equkethe i-barium ne-Cao equkethe ingilazi, ukukhanya okuhle, izinga eliqinile likhulu, ngokuvamile ebhodleleni lombala, ukwakheka kwengilazi kungu-0.5% ~ 1% i-Bao ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhanya kwengilazi. I-Bao ingasheshisa ukuncibilika, ukucaca kanye nokuvimbela ukwakheka kwengilazi, kodwa uma umthamo umkhulu kakhulu, ngenxa yokusabela kwe-2Ba0 1002 2Ba02, ukucaca kwengilazi kunzima, futhi izinto eziqinile neziphikisayo ziguguleka kakhulu. I-barium sulfate yemvelo (i-BaS04) eyaziwa ngokuthi i-barite, i-BaS04 iqukethe inani elikhulu lokuguquguquka, futhi okuqukethwe kokungcola nakho kukhulu, okusetshenziselwa kuphela ikhwalithi yengilazi. I-BaS04 yezimboni Isetshenziswa kakhulu engilazini ye-fluorine opacities kanye nengilazi ye-jade yokulingisa engilazini yebhodlela, okwenza ingilazi ikhiqize umphumela we-opacities obuthakathaka. Kodwa kwenzeka uma usebenzisa kakhulu. Ingilazi yamanzi., ezintweni eziphikisayo, ezibaselwayo, ekubunjweni kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ukuletha uchungechunge lwemiphumela emibi. Ukukhiqizwa kwengilazi yebhodlela kanye nethini, i-Bao ngokuvamile ingeniswa yi-carbonate yezimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokusetshenziswa eziqukethe i-barium zinobuthi obuthile, ekusebenzeni kokuhlanganisa kufanele kunakwe ukuvikelwa. Izidingo zekhwalithi ze-carbonate yezimboni yi-Bac03 97%, i-Fe2 03 40.1% kanye ne-3% enganyibiliki.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-14-2020