I-alumina yamakhemikhali iyahlukahluka, ngokusho kwezinga lomkhakha wensimbi ongeyona insimbi i-YS/ton 619-2007 "uhlobo lwe-alumina yamakhemikhali kanye negama lomkhiqizo", ngokusho kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-alumina yamakhemikhali kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezi-5: uchungechunge lwe-aluminium hydroxide, uchungechunge olukhethekile lwe-aluminium oxide, uchungechunge lwe-alumina oluncane oluyi-quasi, uchungechunge lwe-zeolite kanye nochungechunge lwe-calcium aluminate cement.
Manje, i-polyaluminium chloride, i-sodium silicate, usawoti we-fluoride kanye nezinye usawoti we-aluminium, i-sodium aluminate, ama-gallium kanye nama-gallium compounds, ingxenye ye-alumina ceramics kanye ne-corundum refractories nazo zifakiwe esigabeni se-chemical alumina.
Ngo-1910, i-Alcoa yakhiqiza futhi yathengisa ibhetshi yokuqala ye-alumina ene-calcium emhlabeni, eyayiyimpahla eluhlaza yokukhiqiza ama-abrasives amhlophe e-corundum.
I-alumina yamakhemikhali ibonakala ngemikhiqizo eyahlukahlukene, inani eliphezulu elengeziwe, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe, amasimu okusebenza abanzi nakhulayo, intengo ezinzile, enobungani nemvelo, ngakho-ke, isibe igatsha elibaluleke kakhulu embonini ye-aluminium.
Amazwe amaningi emhlabeni atshale imali eningi ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni ye-alumina yamakhemikhali. I-Alcoa yayikade ingumkhiqizi we-alumina wamakhemikhali omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, inamabhizinisi okukhiqiza angu-24, ehlanganisa wonke amazwe amakhulu nezifunda emhlabeni, ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-220 kanye namathani angaphezu kuka-1000k / a. Kwabe sekuthi ngo-2007 ipuleti le-alumina lamakhemikhali ladluliselwa enkampanini yase-Anmai yaseNetherlands.
IJapan iyinkampani enamandla amakhulu emhlabeni ekukhiqizeni i-alumina yamakhemikhali, ukusetshenziswa kwayo, umkhiqizo wayo ungama-kilogram ayi-1000, amathani angama-2012, futhi iyaqhubeka nokukhula kancane kancane, ukuhlukahluka kwayo kungokwedlula konke emhlabeni, iJapan ayikhiqizi i-alumina yezinga lensimbi, kodwa iqaphele izinga ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali kwe-alumina, i-seriation, isayensi nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokulinganiswa kwezindleko, umkhiqizo ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nesidingo sasekhaya, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufinyelele ku-25%. Ngaphezu kwama-85% okukhiqizwa kwe-alumina yamakhemikhali eJapan kukhiqizwa yimboni yamakhemikhali ye-sumitomo, i-showa denko kanye nezinsimbi zokukhanya zaseJapan.
Cishe ngo-1940, i-United States, iJapane neYurophu ocwaningweni lwe-alumina yamakhemikhali ngezinga elikhulu, kuze kube ngawo-1970, kwamanye amazwe athuthukile kwezimboni emazweni angaphandle kube yintuthuko enkulu.
Ngokwezibalo zenhlangano yezimboni ze-aluminium yamazwe ngamazwe, ngo-1975, umkhiqizo ophelele we-alumina emazweni asentshonalanga ucishe ube ngamathani angu-20344k, ukukhiqizwa kwe-alumina yamakhemikhali kungamathani angu-1699k, okwenza u-8.3% womkhiqizo ophelele; Ngo-2000, umkhiqizo ophelele we-alumina womhlaba wonke wawungamathani angu-51200k, kanti umkhiqizo we-alumina yamakhemikhali wawungamathani angu-4800k, okwenza u-9.4% womkhiqizo ophelele. Ngo-2008, umkhiqizo womhlaba wonke we-alumina ye-metallurgical grade wawungamathani angu-60496k kanti i-alumina yamakhemikhali yayingamathani angu-4638k, okwenza u-7.12% womkhiqizo ophelele. Ngo-2012, umkhiqizo ophelele we-alumina emhlabeni wawungamathani angu-95,705k, kanti umkhiqizo we-alumina yamakhemikhali wawungamathani angu-85,80k, okwenza u-9% womkhiqizo ophelele. Kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2012, isilinganiso sonyaka Izinga lokukhula kwe-alumina yamakhemikhali emhlabeni wonke lalingu-16.6%, cishe amaphuzu angu-11% aphezulu kunezinga lokukhula lonyaka elijwayelekile le-aluminium eyinhloko.
Imboni ye-alumina yamakhemikhali yaseShayina yaqala sekwephuzile. Cishe ngo-1961, ukuze kuxazululwe ukushoda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa embonini ye-elekthronikhi, isitshalo se-aluminium iShandong (manje esaziwa ngokuthi iShandong aluminium industry co., LTD.) saqala ukuthuthukisa i-alumina ene-sodium ephansi futhi saqala ucwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-alumina yamakhemikhali eShayina.
Ngawo-1970, ukuze kwaneliswe uphethiloli, amakhemikhali, izinto zokungaguquguquki, izinto zobumba, imithi, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, izikhali, izindiza kanye neminye imboni, isidingo samakhemikhali i-alumina, iShandong aluminium Plant, iZhengzhou Light Metal Research Institute futhi inentuthuko nokukhiqizwa kwe-alumina esebenzayo, i-alumina arsenic fluoride removal agent, i-aluminium hydroxide ephansi yensimbi, i-aluminium ehlanzekile ephezulu, izinto zobumba ezine-alpha Al2O3, ukufutha nge-alumina kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezingu-24 zemikhiqizo emisha.
Ngawo-1980, ukukhiqizwa kwe-alumina yamakhemikhali eShayina kwangena enkathini yentuthuko esheshayo, futhi imikhiqizo emisha yaqhubeka nokuvela. Bemelelwe yi-zhengzhou light metal research institute, i-shandong aluminium industry co., ltd. kanye ne-China Great Wall aluminium industry co., ltd. Kwakhiwa imigqa yokukhiqiza i-alumina ekhethekile engaba ngu-60. Ezinkampanini eziningi ezinkulu ze-alumina ezindaweni ezizungezile zakhe iqoqo lokukhiqizwa kwe-alumina yamakhemikhali ezinkampanini ezizimele, zisebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa zasekhaya noma ezingenisiwe ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-alumina yamakhemikhali.
I-China iyizwe elikhulu elikhiqiza i-alumina, elisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuningi kunanoma yiliphi elinye izwe, kulula ukubona umugqa wegatsha lokukhiqizwa kwe-alumina yamakhemikhali ngokuxhunyelelwa enkambisweni yezobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi i-aluminium hydroxide ekhiqizwa yinqubo yokusila, enobumhlophe bemvelo obuphezulu.
Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 yentuthuko, imboni ye-alumina yamakhemikhali yaseShayina inethonya elikhulu ezimakethe zasekhaya nezangaphandle, ama-aluminium hydroxide fillers neminye imikhiqizo nawo ayaziwa emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.
Nokho, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-United States, iJalimane, iJapane, i-alumina yamakhemikhali yaseShayina kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo injani, izinhlobo, isikali sokukhiqiza sinegebe elikhulu, isizathu esiyisisekelo sisemuva kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye nemishini, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kocwaningo oluyisisekelo lwethiyori akwanele, amandla okusungula izinto ezintsha abuthakathaka, intuthuko yemakethe akwanele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-02-2020