Esinye sezinyathelo zokuqala eziningana ezisetshenziswa abahlinzeki bamanzi bakamasipala ukulungiselela amanzi ukuze asatshalaliswe ukuwenza acwebezele futhi angabi nezinhlayiya ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, amanzi aphathwa nge-aluminium sulphate evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-alum, esebenza njenge-flocculent. Amanzi angavuthiwe avame ukubamba izinhlayiya ezincane ezilengayo okunzima kakhulu ukuthi isihlungi sizibambe. I-Alum ibangela ukuthi zihlangane ukuze zikwazi ukuhlala emanzini noma zibanjwe kalula yisihlungi.
Ngokuvamile ingxube yamanzi ene-alum yesihlungi engu-48% ifakwa emanzini angenayo angavuthiwe ngesilinganiso sezingxenye ezingu-18 kuya kwezingu-24 ngesigidi. I-alum ikhuthaza ukujiya kwezinhlayiya ezincane okusiza ukuxazulula izinkinga zombala kanye nokungcoliswa. Uma inqubo inikezwa isikhathi esanele sokusebenza futhi isetshenziswa kahle, ayilungisi nje kuphela izinkinga emanzini kodwa empeleni iphumela ekususweni kwe-aluminium eningi esetshenziswe kule nqubo.
Nakuba ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kokwelapha amanzi nge-aluminium kuye kwavame ukuvezwa, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi i-aluminium emanzini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ivela ku-aluminium sulphate esetshenziswa ekwelapheni noma kweminye imithombo, kuyinkinga yezempilo.
Iningi lokusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium livela ku-aluminium eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ekudleni, i-aluminium esetshenziswa ekupakisheni ukudla, kanye nemikhiqizo efana nama-deodorant kanye nemijovo.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-coagulant ayinhloko angasetshenziswa esitshalweni sokwelapha amanzi. Enye yama-aluminium sulphate okuqala, futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu, i-aluminium sulphate, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-alum. I-Alum ingathengwa ngesimo soketshezi esinomthamo ongu-8.3%, noma ngesimo esomile esinomthamo ongu-17%. Uma i-alum ingezwa emanzini, isabela namanzi futhi iholele kuma-ion ashajeke kahle.
Ukujiya/ukujiya kuyinqubo esetshenziselwa ukususa ukungcoliswa, umbala, kanye namagciwane athile emanzini. Ekamelweni lokuxubana kwe-flash, amakhemikhali ayengezwa emanzini bese exutshwa ngamandla isikhathi esingaphansi komzuzu. Lawa ma-coagulant aqukethe ama-coagulant ayinhloko kanye/noma izinsiza ze-coagulant. Bese, esitsheni sokujiya, amanzi avuselelwa ngobumnene imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-45 ukuze anike amakhemikhali isikhathi sokusebenza nokukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-floc. I-floc ibe isihlala esitsheni sokudaya.
Ukuqina kwe-coagulant kususa ama-colloid kanye nezinto eziqinile ezilengisiwe emanzini. Lezi zinhlayiya zine-charge engemihle, ngakho-ke amakhemikhali e-coagulant agcwele i-positive ayawaqeda amandla ngesikhathi sokuqina kwe-coagulant. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuqina kwe-coagulant, izinhlayiya zidonswa ndawonye ngamandla ka-van der Waal, zakha i-floc. Inqubo yokuqina kwe-coagulation/flocculation ithintwa yi-pH, usawoti, i-alkalinity, i-turbidity, izinga lokushisa, ukuxuba, kanye namakhemikhali e-coagulant.
I-aluminium sulphate isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-flocculent ezitshalweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi emazweni asathuthuka. Itholakala kabanzi emazweni asathuthuka, ithengiswa ngamabhulokhi etshe elimhlophe elithambile, futhi ngokuvamile libizwa ngokuthi i-alum. Kunezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa i-alum njenge-flocculent, okuhlanganisa ukuyichoboza ibe yimpuphu ngaphambi kokuyifaka emanzini, ukuyixuba nokuyikhipha noma ukuyixuba yonke itshe emanzini imizuzwana embalwa nokulinda ukuthi izinto eziqinile zihlale. Izinzuzo ze-alum ukuthi itholakala kabanzi, ifakazelwe ukuthi inciphisa ukubola, futhi ayibizi kakhulu. Inkinga ye-alum ukuthi umthamo odingekayo uyahlukahluka ngendlela engalindelekile. Izifundo zelebhu zikhombisile ukuthi i-alum iyasebenza ekunciphiseni ukubola kanye nesidingo se-chlorine.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-14-2020