I-Alumina esebenzayo isebenza kanjani ekususeni i-fluoride emanzini

I-fluoridation yamanzi iyinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili. E-US i-fluoride iye yanezelwa emifuleni eminingi yamanzi ukuze kusizwe ekuvimbeleni ukubola kwamazinyo. (Ngingasho ukuthi i-fluoride itholakala ngokwemvelo emithonjeni eminingi yamanzi okuphuza emhlabeni wonke). Kodwa-ke i-fluoride ingalimaza amathambo ngemithamo ephezulu futhi ingaba yingozi ngisho noma uyiphuza ngobuningi bayo.

I-desiccant activated alumina idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni amazinga e-fluoride emanzini. Ngokwenza lokhu i-alumina esebenzayo ishiya i-fluoride eyanele emanzini ukuze abantu bathole izinzuzo zayo zezempilo ezingaba khona kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo iqinisekisa ukuthi inani le-fluoride elilimaza impilo alihlali emanzini okuphuza.

Ngo-1994 i-World Health Organization yancoma ukuthi amazinga e-fluoride emanzini kufanele aqukathwe kusukela ku-0.5-1mg/L. Amazinga e-fluoride angaphezu kuka-1mg kufanele akhishwe i-fluoride, okungenziwa ngezindlela ezintathu ezahlukene: ngamakhemikhali kanye nemvula, ngobuchwepheshe obusekelwe ku-membrane, noma ngokushintshana kwama-ion kanye nokumuncwa.

Izikhathi eziningi lezi zindlela zisetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa. Isibonelo, uma amazinga e-fluoride engaphezu kuka-15ppm kusetshenziswa i-lime ewela ngaphansi kwamakhemikhali kanye nesigaba semvula kufanele sisetshenziswe ngoba singamelana namazinga aphezulu e-fluoride. Uma lelo zinga selincishisiwe kusetshenziswa i-lime, i-alumina esebenzayo, ewela ngaphansi kwesigaba sokumuncwa, kufanele isetshenziselwe ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-fluoride kube ngaphansi kuka-1ppm ngoba i-alumina esebenzayo ingahlanza amanzi afinyelela ku-99%.

Kanjani I-Alumina esebenzayoumsebenzi wokususa i-fluoride emanzini?

I-alumina esebenzayo imunca i-fluoride ngoba i-fluoride ikhangwa yi-alumina. Ifuna ukwenza i-aluminium fluoride eyenzayo uma ihlangana ne-alumina esebenzayo. I-alumina fluoride izohlala inamathele kuma-alumina beads inqobo nje uma izinga le-pH lamanzi lingaphansi kuka-6. Uma i-pH yamanzi ihlala ingaphansi kuka-6, ukusebenza kwe-alumina esebenzayo kuqala ukwehla. Ingavumela futhi i-aluminium ukuthi ingene emanzini akho, yize i-aluminium ingavamile ukuncibilika emanzini.

Qaphela: I-reverse osmosis isetshenziselwa ukususa i-aluminium emanzini kanye nabanye abahlanzayo. I-aluminium ayivamisile ukungena emanzini ngoba amanzi anenkinga yokuyincibilikisa.

Kunconywa ukuthi uphathe i-alumina esebenzayo nge-aluminium sulfate ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kokumuncwa kokuqala. Ngemva kokwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukusabela kokumuncwa nge-alumina esebenzayo kuncike esilinganisweni sokugeleza. Nakuba i-activated ingaphatha amazinga aphezulu okugeleza futhi isasebenza, amandla ayo okumuncwa ayancipha futhi lokhu kungaholela ekutheni kudingeke ukuthi kwenziwe imijikelezo eyengeziwe. Ukuphinda kabili izinga lokugeleza kuvumele i-fluoride eyengeziwe engu-33% ngokusebenzisa imibhede ye-alumina esebenzayo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-alumina esebenzayo ekumuncweni kwe-fluoride.

Kukhona amathuba okuba amanye ama-ion aphazamise inqubo yokumunca lapho esebenza nge-alumina esebenzayo, lokhu kungenxa yamanzi e-US aqukethe amanye ama-ion. Lawa ma-ion ngokuvamile yi-sodium chloride, i-sodium sulfate, kanye ne-sodium bicarbonate. I-sodium chloride kanye ne-sodium sulfate aziphazamisi inqubo yokumunca, kodwa i-sodium bicarbonate inganciphisa amandla e-alumina esebenzayo phakathi kuka-33% no-70%.

I-alumina esebenzayo njengezinhlobo eziningi ze-desiccant ingavuselelwa. I-sodium hydroxide, i-aluminium sulfate, noma i-sulfuric acid kufakwa esixazululweni se-lye ne-alumina esebenzayo, okuvumela ukuthi i-adsorbent iphinde ivuselelwe. Uma i-alumina esebenzayo iphinde ivuselelwe ingaqhubeka isetshenziswa futhi, futhi uma isetshenziswa kahle i-alumina esebenza ingahlala iminyaka.

I-alumina esebenzayo ibalulekile ekususeni i-fluoride emanzini afinyelela ku-99% nokwenza amanzi aphephe kubantu ukuwaphuza.