Incazelo emfushane yezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-alumina
Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-aluminium oxide ezaziwa nangokuthi i-alumina ekhethekile, i-aluminium oxide engeyona i-metallurgical noma i-aluminium oxide yamakhemikhali, imikhiqizo ehlukanisiwe ye-aluminium oxide ne-aluminium hydroxide noma imikhiqizo yokwandisa. Ngokusho kokwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali, isakhiwo sekristalu, usayizi wezinhlayiya, ubumsulwa, ubulukhuni, izinga lokusila, njll., zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-300. Uhlobo lwezinhlobo eziningi ze-alumina luhluke kakhulu, ezinye zingaba nzima njenge-sapphire, ezinye zingaba mnene njenge-talcum powder; Ezinye zinobukhulu obubonakalayo obungaphezu kuka-3,200kg /m, kanti ezinye zinobukhulu obungaphansi kuka-3.2kg /m. Ezinye izinto ezinganyibiliki, kodwa ezinye zinganyibiliki ku-asidi kanye nesisekelo, ngomsebenzi obalulekile; Ezinye uketshezi zingafana nokuvinjelwa kwesihlabathi, kodwa ezinye ziyi-viscous noma ngisho ne-thixotropic colloid futhi azikwazi ukuhlungwa; Ezinye izakhiwo zekristalu kanye nobubanzi bekristalu obuhlukahlukene, ezinye azinawo ukwakheka; Ezinye zinamandla aphezulu okumunca, ezinye azinawo amandla okumunca; Ezinye ziyi-catalysts ezisebenzayo kanti ezinye azinawo umswakama. Kodwa-ke, isici esivamile se Zonke izinhlobo ze-alumina, nganoma yiluphi uhlobo, zigcina ziguqulwa zibe yi-alpha alumina uma zishiswa isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-alumina zisetshenziswa kabanzi kumakhemikhali, kwezokwelapha, ekukhiqizeni izinto ezibangela ukuvuvukala, enjoloba, epulasitiki, ekwenzeni iphepha, ekugcwaliseni, ekudaleni umbala kanye neminye imikhakha. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha, imakethe ye-alumina ehlukahlukene iya ngokuya ikhula.
Ii. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-alumina
(I) Izinhlobo eziningi ze-aluminium hydroxide
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo eziningi ze-aluminium hydroxide:
(1) I-aluminium hydroxide ejwayelekile yokugcwalisa, D50 =50 m,70 m;
(2) Impuphu ye-alumina hydroxide ecolekile, D50 ≤20 m;
(3) I-aluminium hydroxide micro powder (i-ultrafine aluminium hydroxide), D50 ≤1 m;
(4) I-aluminium hydroxide emhlophe eyomile, ubumhlophe obungu-≥93%;
(5) I-aluminium hydroxide emhlophe ephezulu (i-agate yokwenziwa kanye nokugcwaliswa kwemabula yokwenziwa), ubumhlophe obungu-≥95%;
(6) I-alkali (i-sodium) i-aluminium hydroxide ephansi, i-Na2O+K2O≤0.10%;
(7) I-aluminium hydroxide yensimbi ephansi, i-Fe2O3≤0.005%;
(8) I-bauxite encane kakhulu, enohlobo lwekristalu lwe-? -alooh njenge-bauxite e-monohydrous yamanzi ekristalu angu-1-2;
(9) Ijeli ye-aluminium hydroxide, ikristalu al2O3.NH2O, isigaba esiyinhloko siwuhlobo lwekristalu olungenasimo.
2. UKUSETSHENZISWA kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-aluminium hydroxide:
(1) Isetshenziswa njengesivimbeli somlilo
I-aluminium hydroxide iyisigcwalisi esifanelekile se-flame retardant sepulasitiki, irabha kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo kanye nezindwangu. Izinto zokwenziwa ezine-aluminium hydroxide njengesigcwalisi yilezi: i-polyester, i-epoxy, i-phenolic, i-polypropylene, i-polyethylene, i-polyvinyl chloride, irabha ye-butyraldehyde, i-neoprene, irabha ye-silicone kanye nesigqoko esithuthukisiwe se-fire retardant, ikhaphethi yomlilo, i-fire canvas, ibhande lokuhambisa umlilo njalonjalo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-aluminium hydroxide iyimpuphu emhlophe, izakhiwo zayo zomzimba kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali zizinzile ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, akukho ukumuncwa komswakama, akukho shintsho lombala, akukho bungozi obungenabungozi, usayizi wezinhlayiya ungacutshungulwa njengoba kudingeka. Lapho izinga lokushisa lokushisa lidlula u-200℃, i-aluminium hydroxide iqala ukumunca ukushisa nokubola, ikhiphe amanzi amathathu ekristalu. Lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu, isivinini sokubola sizoshesha, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa le-polymer futhi kudlala indima yokupholisa, ukuvinjelwa komlilo kanye nokucindezela umlilo.
(2) Kusetshenziswa njengento yokugcwalisa itshe le-agate lokwenziwa kanye nemabula yokwenziwa
Nge-aluminium hydroxide kanye ne-polyester resin engagcwalisiwe noma i-methacrylate resin ingakhiqiza izinto zokuhlobisa zemabula ne-agate zokwenziwa kanye nezinto zokuhlanzeka. Ngenxa yokuthi i-aluminium hydroxide ine-refractive index (1.57) esondele kakhulu kwe-polyester resin, imikhiqizo yokwenziwa inikezwa ukukhanya okukhanyayo nokwanelisayo, futhi imibala ehlukene ingangezwa ukuklama amaphethini ahlukahlukene kanye nemininingwane. Umkhiqizo unezici zezinga eliphezulu, isisindo esincane, akukho misebe, akukho ukuphuka, ukusika okulula, njll., futhi usetshenziswe kabanzi njengamanje.
(3) Isetshenziswa njengokugcwalisa iphepha
I-aluminium hydroxide isetshenziswa kakhulu njengengubo yokubeka ubuso, ukugcwalisa kanye nephepha elingashi ekukhiqizweni kwephepha. I-aluminium hydroxide emhlophe ephezulu ene-ultrafine ibonakala ngokuba mhlophe okuphezulu, usayizi wezinhlayiya ezincane, ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo, kanye nesimo sekristalu esiqondile, njll. Ingathatha indawo yempuphu emhlophe ye-titanium ngesisekelo sokunganciphisi ukuba mhlophe kwephepha kanye nokungacaci, konge izindleko zephepha, kuthuthukise ukucwebezela kwephepha, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kokuphrinta.
(4) Kusetshenziswa njengokugcwalisa umuthi wokuxubha amazinyo
I-aluminium hydroxide inezici zokungqubuzana okuncane futhi ingeyezinto ezingathathi hlangothi, ukugcwalisa i-toothpaste njenge-ejenti yokungqubuzana kungasusa ngempumelelo ukungcola emazinyweni nasezinsinini ngaphandle kokulimala. Usayizi wezinhlayiya ze-aluminium hydroxide ezisetshenziswa njengento yokugcwalisa i-toothpaste ngokuvamile u-D50 ≤7 m, futhi ukwengeza kwe-alkali kumele kube <0.01%.
(5) Kusetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa kwemithi
Enye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zokwelapha isisu yi-aluminium hydroxide, engakwazi ukuqeda i-asidi esiswini futhi iyinto eluhlaza enhle yokwenza umuthi wesisu.
(6) Njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali
Ngenxa yokuthi i-aluminium hydroxide iyinhlanganisela ye-amphoteric, ingancibilika ngokushesha ku-asidi enamandla noma ku-alkali, ngakho-ke isibe yinto eluhlaza yama-aluminium amaningi anosawoti. Njenge-aluminium sulfate kanye ne-alum kungumkhiqizo we-aluminium hydroxide ukuze isabelane ne-sulfuric acid kanye nosawoti wayo, i-polyaluminium chloride ingumkhiqizo we-aluminium hydroxide ukuze isabelane ne-hydrochloric acid, i-aluminium fluoride ingumkhiqizo we-aluminium hydroxide ukuze isabelane kanye ne-hydrofluoric acid, njll., ene-aluminium hydroxide (noma isixazululo se-sodium aluminate) njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ingakhiqiza ama-molecule sieve angu-3 a, 4 a, 5 a 13 x, 10 x, kanye no-Y.
(2) I-alumina esebenzayo
Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili ze-alumina ezikristalu:,,,,,, kanye. Ngokufudumeza nokukhipha amanzi e-aluminium hydroxide emazingeni okushisa ahlukene, izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-aluminium oxide zingatholakala. Kodwa-ke, uma ithosiwe ekushiseni okungaphezu kuka-1200℃, ezinye izinhlobo ze-crystal ze-aluminium oxide ekugcineni zizoguqulwa zibe yi-alumina. I-Alpha - alumina ibizwa ngokuthi i-high - temperature alumina, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-inert alumina, ezinye izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ze-crystal alumina ibizwa ngokuthi i-low - temperature alumina, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-activated alumina.
Njenge-hydrate ye-alumina, indlela yokusebenza kanye nenqubo ethile yokuguquka kwesigaba nakho kuhluke kakhulu ngenxa yomehluko ekushiseni kokosa, isikhathi sokosa kanye nokuhambisana kwe-hydrate. Lapho i-aluminium hydroxide iphelelwa amanzi ngokushesha ku-400-600 ℃, ngenxa yokususwa kwamanzi, isethi yayo yekristalu iyaqhekeka, ubuso bekristalu buyakhululeka, futhi kwakheka ama-pores amaningi kanye nemifantu, ngaleyo ndlela kuholele ekukhuleni okukhulu kwendawo ethile yobuso. I-alumina enesakhiwo se-pore esifanele, ivolumu enkulu ye-pore kanye nendawo ephezulu yobuso ethile inomsebenzi ophezulu. I-catalyst noma i-catalyst carrier ekhiqizwa yiyo ingasetshenziswa ekuphekeni amakha, ukuqhekeka kwe-hydrocarbon noma ukwenziwa kwayo, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, i-oxidation, i-dehydrogenation, i-hydrogenation, i-reforming, i-desulfurization, i-dechloritization, i-defluorination njalo njalo. I-alumina esebenzayo ingagoqwa ibe amabhola noma ifakwe ibe yimichilo njenge-desiccant kanye ne-ejenti ye-hygroscopic yoketshezi namagesi, esetshenziselwa ukubanda, ukomisa umoya, ukomisa umoya wezinsimbi kanye nokumuncwa okukhethekile kwezinto ezincane noma ukungcola okuncane ezinqubweni zezimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ine-adhesion eqinile, iyimpahla eluhlaza yokukhiqiza izinto eziphikisana nobumba lomlilo.
(3) I-alumina engasebenzi
I-aluminium oxide engangeni ibizwa nangokuthi i-aluminium oxide eshisa kakhulu, i-aluminium hydroxide noma enye i-crystalline aluminium oxide eyakhiwe yi-1200℃ noma ngaphezulu kokushisa okuphezulu kokuthosa -crystalline aluminium oxide. Njenge-metal oxide, i-alpha-alumina inezakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba nezamakhemikhali. Ine-cohesion enhle phakathi kwama-molecule, i-crystallization ehlangene futhi ephelele, futhi ingamelana nezinguquko ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-alpha-alumina inezinzuzo ze-high melting point (2050℃), ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kokushisa, amandla aphezulu omshini, ukumelana okuhle kokuguguleka, kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye namandla omthelela wokumelana nokushisa, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
1.ukungavumelani
Ngenxa yezinga layo eliphezulu lokuncibilika, izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini kanye nokumelana nokugqwala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, i-alpha-alumina isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinto ezahlukahlukene zokungaguquki, njengezitini zokungaguquki ze-mullite ne-alumina, izitini zokungaguquki ze-corundum kanye nemikhiqizo ye-corundum, kanye nezitsha zokungaguquki ezingaguquki.
2. Izitsha zobumba ze-alumina eziphezulu
Ngenxa yokuthi ivolumu ye-alumina inkulu, ingakha umzimba oqinile osinkisiwe, kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kanye namandla aphezulu omshini, ngakho-ke ifaneleka ekukhiqizweni kwe-porcelain engagugi, njengokugaya ngebhola le-porcelain elihlukahlukene, i-nozzle ye-sandblast, ibhulashi lamanzi, njll., kodwa futhi ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuhle nokushisa, amandla okushisa, afaneleka ekukhiqizweni kwamathuluzi e-ceramic. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kokushisa okuphezulu, i-sodium-alumina ephansi ifaneleka ekukhiqizweni kwama-spark plugs kanye nama-insulator emishini kagesi eshisa kakhulu, ibhodi likagesi elihlanganisiwe le-subgrade elincane, izingxenye ezijwayelekile kanye nezinye i-porcelain yokushisa ephezulu. I-Alpha-alumina isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwe-ceramics zokwakha, i-ceramics yezimboni, i-ceramics kagesi kagesi, i-sanitary ware kanye ne-ceramics eziphilayo, kanye ne-process ceramics, njengezitini ze-ceramic ezenziwe nge-alpha-alumina, phansi kwe-ceramic, izinduku ze-ceramic rolling, amaphampu e-ceramic, izihlungi ze-ceramic, njll.
3. Izinto ezigugulekayo (izinto ezivikela ukuguguleka)
Ngenxa yobulukhuni bayo obuphezulu, i-alpha-alumina ingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokugaya, izinto zokugaya kanye nezinto ezingagugi. Uma ingasetshenziswa njengensimbi, insimbi engeyona insimbi, ipulasitiki, izinkuni noma i-fiber yokhuni kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokugaya nokupholisha zamatshe (kufaka phakathi i-jade), ingenza isondo lokugaya, ithuluzi lokujika kanye namanye amathuluzi okusika, ingasetshenziswa kungqimba lokugqoka phansi kokhuni oluhlanganisiwe kanye neminye imishini noma imikhiqizo yensimbi ungqimba lokugqoka phezulu.
(4) I-alumina emsulwa kakhulu
I-aluminium oxide ehlanzekile kakhulu ibhekisela kokuqukethwe kwe-AL2O3 > 99.99%, i-granularity < 1 mu m i-high purity superfine alumina powder, isetshenziswa kakhulu ekusinteni i-alumina ecacile, isithwali se-fluorescent, isibani se-sodium esinomfutho ophezulu, imishini yomzimba neyekhemikhali esezingeni eliphezulu, ithambo lokwenziwa, i-semiconductor substrate substrate (C), izinto zokugcwalisa i-tape yokuqopha, i-super filter medium, izinto ezi-abrasive ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izinto ezikhethekile zobumba, amathuluzi okusika, i-crucible ehlanzekile ephezulu, ezungeze i-axis, i-bombarding target, i-furnace tube, izinto zokupakisha, izinto zekristalu elilodwa, amatshe okwenziwa, njll.;Ingathuthukisa ukuqina, ukuqeda, ukukhathala okubandayo nokushisa, ukuqina kokuphuka kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwe-ceramics.Ingathuthukisa ukumelana nokuguguleka kwemikhiqizo yama-molecule, esetshenziselwa ipulasitiki, ukuqinisa irabha nokuqinisa, ukuqina kokuguguleka, ukugcwalisa ukugqoka okumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokugcwalisa izimonyo okuthuthukisiwe;Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isetshenziswa futhi njengesithwali se-catalyst kanye nesithwali se-catalyst embonini ye-petrochemical kanye nomanyolo, ubuchwepheshe be-laser njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zengilazi ye-laser neodymium kanye nezinto ze-ruby laser, njengezinto zokufakelwa ezithuthukisiwe embonini yamandla, i-aerospace imboni, njengokwelashwa kwendawo yezindiza zezindiza, amarokhethi kanye namasathelayithi okwenziwa, njll. Ngokuthuthuka komphakathi kanye nentuthuko yesayensi nobuchwepheshe, insimu yokusetshenziswa yobumsulwa obuphezulu kanye ne-alumina ecolekile kakhulu nayo iyanda, futhi amathuba emakethe athembisa kakhulu.
(5) I-Corundum
Ikristalu ye-alumina eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ibizwa ngokuthi i-corundum, evame ukuba nemibala ehlukene ngenxa yokungcola okuhlukene. Inengilazi noma idayimane ekhazimulayo, enobukhulu obungu-3.9-4.1g /cm3 kanye nobunzima obungu-8.8. I-corundum yemvelo ibizwa nangokuthi itshe eliyigugu. Labo abanenani elincane le-chromium oxide kukristalu bangamarubi, labo abanenani elincane lokungcola kwensimbi ne-titanium bangamasafire, kanti labo abanenani elincane lokungcola kwensimbi ne-cobalt bangama-emerald.
Umkhiqizo we-corundum yemvelo emvelweni mncane kakhulu, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlobiseni. I-corundum esetshenziselwa izinto zokusetshenziswa zezimboni yenziwe ngokwenziwa. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-corundum yokwenziwa: i-corundum ehlanganisiwe kanye ne-corundum ehlanganisiwe. Ngokuyinhloko kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
1. I-corundum ehlanganisiwe
I-alumina ehlanganisiwe ikakhulukazi yakhiwa i-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwe kanye ne-alumina ensundu ehlanganisiwe.
I-corundum emhlophe ehlanganisiwe yenziwe nge-alumina yezimboni futhi incibilikiswa esithandweni se-arc ekushiseni okuphezulu okungaphezu kuka-2000℃. Inezici zobumhlophe obuphezulu, ubumsulwa obuphezulu, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukuzikhandla okuhle kakhulu, amandla okugaya aqinile, ukushisa okuphansi, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuzinza okuhle kokushisa nokunye. Ingasetshenziswa ekwenzeni izinto zokugaya nokupholisha ezithuthukisiwe, amathuluzi okugaya enziwe ngayo, ukugaya insimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu kanye nensimbi engagqwali; Iphinde isetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwesikhunta sokugaya esiqinile nesinobunono, esisetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zobumba ezikhethekile kanye nezempi, ze-elekthronikhi nezinye izinto zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu; I-Corundum ekhiqizwa nge-alumina enekhabhoni ephezulu ingasetshenziswa futhi njengamatshe ayigugu okwenziwa.
I-corundum ensundu, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-emery, yenziwe nge-bauxite, i-anthracite kanye ne-scrap iron ngokuyincibilikisa ekushiseni okuphezulu okungaphezu kuka-2000℃ esithandweni sikagesi. Umbala wayo unsundu.
I-corundum ensundu ibonakala ngokuqina okulinganiselwe, ubuningi obukhulu bezinqwaba, ukwakheka okuhle kwekristalu, i-coefficient yokukhulisa eqondile ephansi, ukuqina okuhle kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, njll. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni zokuqhumisa isihlabathi, izinto zokubhula, izigcwalisi, imidiya yokuhlunga, izinto zokusika, izinto zokungaguquki, izinto zokubhula kanye nezinto zobumba.
2. I-corundum eqoshiwe
I-corundum ehlanganisiwe esekelwe ku-ore ye-alumina bauxite yezimboni noma emsulwa kakhulu njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, eyenziwe ngebhola noma umzimba wokugaya omuhle, ku-1750-1900 ℃ ukushisa okuphezulu, futhi inemfihlo enkulu, i-porosity ephansi, okusanhlamvu okunamandla aphezulu, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushaqeka kokushisa ekushiseni okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwe-slag, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni i-abrasive ephikisayo neyi-abrasive.
3. I-corundum yethebula
I-plate corundum uhlobo lwempuphu ye-aluminium oxide enokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, eqala igaywe, ihlanzwe bese yomiswa bese ifakwa i-calcium ekushiseni okuphezulu okungu-1850-1950℃. Yakhiwa nge-plate ethuthukisiwe kahle kanye nesakhiwo sekristalu esinobukhulu obukhulu. Iyinto efanelekile yokuphikisa enokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, ukuzinza okuhle kwevolumu, ukuncishiswa okuncane ngemva kokuphinda kufakwe kabusha kanye nokumelana okukhulu kokushaqeka kokushisa. I-plate corundum ikhiqizwa kakhulu ngokusila, kodwa futhi nangokuncibilika kukagesi.
6) usawoti we-aluminium
Usawoti we-aluminium ubhekisela ezinhlanganisela ze-aluminium. Kuchazwa usawoti we-aluminium ovame ukusetshenziswa lapha.
1. I-aluminium sulfate
I-aluminium sulfate ine-aluminium sulfate kanye ne-polyaluminum sulfate, i-aluminium ammonium sulfate (ammonium alum), i-aluminium sulfate potassium (alum noma i-potassium alum), ngokuvamile ine-sulfuric acid kanye ne-aluminium hydroxide noma i-bauxite, i-kaolin, umlotha wezimpukane kanye neminye imikhiqizo yokusabela kwamaminerali e-aluminium. I-aluminium sulfate isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-reagent yezimboni, i-flocculant, i-ejenti yokwelapha amanzi, ukwenza iphepha, njll., futhi isetshenziswa nasekukhiqizweni kweminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali equkethe i-aluminium. I-polyaluminum sulfate isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphatheni amanzi angaphezulu; I-Alum ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokubilisa, i-ejenti yokunciphisa kanye ne-precipitant yamanzi ekudleni. I-Alum isetshenziswa emithini yendabuko yaseShayina kanye ne-baking powder. Isetshenziswa futhi ekwenzeni iphepha, ekupendweni kanye nanjenge-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi.
2. I-aluminium chloride
I-aluminium chloride kanye ne-polyaluminum chloride (i-aluminium sol) kusetshenziswa ku-carbonate ye-aluminium, evame ukulungiswa ngokuphendula kwe-hydrochloric acid ne-aluminium yensimbi, i-aluminium hydroxide noma amaminerali aqukethe i-aluminium. I-aluminium chloride kanye ne-polyaluminum chloride luhlobo lokuhlanza amanzi olunentengo ephansi kanye nomphumela omuhle, futhi lungasetshenziswa njengosayizi wephepha, ukucwenga ushukela, ukubumba nge-casting, ukulwa nemibimbi ngendwangu, isithwali se-catalyst, i-binder, ukucwenga ngemithi, ukusheshisa kwe-cement, izinto zokusetshenziswa zokuhlobisa, njll.
3. I-aluminium fluoride kanye ne-sodium fluoride
I-aluminium fluoride kanye ne-sodium fluoaluminate kuyizinto ezimbili eziyinhloko zikasawoti we-fluoride. I-aluminium fluoride isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-ejenti yokulungisa endaweni yokuhlanza i-aluminium nge-electrolytic. Iyimpuphu emhlophe ene-crystallization efana nenaliti. Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-aluminium fluoride inendlela emanzi kanye nendlela eyomile. Ngenxa yezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, indlela emanzi iyasuswa futhi indlela eyomile isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni. Ukugeleza kwenqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium fluoride eyomile kufaka phakathi inqubo yokulala emanzi ejikelezayo yenkampani iLuqi eJalimane, inqubo yokulala emanzi enziwe ngezingqimba eziningi yenkampani iBooth eSwitzerland kanye nenqubo ye-HF synthesis ALF3 yezitofu zokushisa zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zenkampani iPincnair eFrance. Inqubo eyomile iwukukhiqiza i-calcium sulfate (i-gypsum) kanye negesi ye-HF ngokuphendula kwe-fluorite ne-sulfuric acid, bese kukhiqiza i-aluminium fluoride ngokuphendula kwegesi ye-HF kanye ne-aluminium hydroxide ngemva kokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Lapho isitshalo sikamanyolo we-phosphate sikhiqiza i-aluminium fluoride, inqubo yokulala yenkampani i-Austrian Linz, okokuqala kuhlangabezana nezidingo zesisombululo se-fluorosilicic acid sokushisa kwangaphambili, bese kuba sethangini elivuselelwe eline-aluminium hydroxide (noma i-bauxite slurry) ekuphenduleni kokushisa okuthile, i-aluminium fluoride ne-silica (imvula); Futhi kungasebenzisa amanzi e-ammonia kanye ne-fluorosilicic acid reaction, ukwakheka kwe-ammonium fluoride kanye ne-silica gel (imvula), bese kuba ne- isixazululo se-ammonium fluoride kanye ne-aluminium hydroxide ngaphansi kokusabela kwezinga lokushisa elithile kanye nengcindezi, ukwakheka kwe-aluminium fluoride.
I-Sodium fluoroaluminate (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cryolite) iyi-fluoride eyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuvamile izinhlayiya ezimhlophe ezimpunga noma i-powder, esetshenziswa kakhulu ku-aluminium ye-electrolytic njenge-solvent. Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-sodium fluoroaluminate ifaka phakathi indlela ye-soda fluoroaluminate, eqala ngokuphendula nge-hydrofluoric acid kanye ne-aluminium hydroxide ukukhiqiza i-fluoroaluminate, bese iphendula nge-soda ukukhiqiza i-sodium fluoroaluminate (cryolite).
4. Usawoti we-aluminium
I-aluminium nitrate ingasetshenziswa njengesikhuthazi sokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo, i-mordant embonini yokunyathelisa nokudaya, i-ejenti yokuqeda isikhumba, njll., evame ukwenziwa ngokuxuba i-aluminium noma i-aluminium hydroxide ne-nitric acid.
I-aluminium phosphate ingasetshenziswa njengesibulala-zinambuzane esifuthayo. Ngokuvamile ilungiswa ngokushisa i-aluminium powder exubile kanye ne-phosphorus ebomvu.
Izisefo zama-molecule zochungechunge lwe-aluminium phosphate zinamandla aphezulu okushintshanisa ama-ion kanye nomsebenzi wokulungisa futhi zalungiswa ngokusabela kwe-aluminium hydroxide kanye ne-phosphoric acid.
I-aluminium dihydrogen tripolyphosphate ingasetshenziswa njenge-pigment elwa nokugqwala, i-adsorbent (deodorant), i-ethylene ibe yi-ethanol catalyst, ngokuvamile evela ku-aluminium yensimbi noma i-aluminium hydroxide reaction ene-phosphoric acid.
I-aluminium silicate ethambile kakhulu iyimpuphu emhlophe kakhulu engabonakali kahle enokumiswa okuhle kakhulu kanye nokubukeka okumhlophe okumsulwa. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekumbozeni, esikhumbeni, ekunyatheliseni nasekudayini, ekunyatheliseni uyinki, ekwenzeni iphepha, epulasitikini, erabha nakwezinye izici ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye imibala (impuphu emhlophe ye-titanium). I-crystalline aluminium silicate ingasetshenziswa njengesikhuthazi sokuphelelwa amanzi kwegesi ye-methanol ukuze kukhiqizwe i-dimethyl ether. I-aluminium silicate ejwayelekile ingasetshenziswa njengento yokuvikela. I-aluminium silicate ngokuvamile ilungiswa ngokuphendula kwengilazi yamanzi nge-aluminium sulfate.
I-aluminium borate crystal ingasetshenziswa njengepulasitiki, insimbi, izinto zokuqinisa ze-ceramic, ngokuvamile ixutshwe ne-aluminium oxide ne-boron noma i-boron oxide, ngemuva kokuxhumana okuncibilika okushisa okuphezulu, i-aluminium fluoride ne-boron oxide nayo ingaba nomoya wamanzi ungene esimweni segesi, i-aluminium borate crystal yenziwe nge-aluminium borate crystal.
(vii) ezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-alumina kanye nemikhiqizo yokwandisa ehlobene nayo
Olunye uhlobo lwe-alumina lusenayo i-aluminium ekhabhoni, i-aluminium oxide fibre, ifilimu ye-aluminium oxide, i-SB powder, ngaphezu kwalokho i-aluminium gallium alloy shot, i-trimethyl-aluminium kanye nezinye i-organic aluminium nazo ziwumkhiqizo onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe. I-Alumina fiber iqukethe i-Al2O3 single crystal fiber, i-Al2O3 long fiber, i-Al2O3 short fiber, esetshenziswa kakhulu njengensimbi, ipulasitiki, irabha, izinto zokuqinisa i-ceramic, izinto zokuvimbela ezingaphili kanye nezinto ezingaphili zomzila wokuqalisa i-rocket, i-oil-water emulsion, ingxube yamafutha-water kanye nezinto zokuhlukanisa uketshezi lweglue kanye nokuhlunga, futhi isetshenziswa njengesithwali se-catalyst sokuguqulwa kwe-hydrocarbon. I-SB powder iyinto eluhlaza ye-hydrogenation catalyst kanye nezinye izinto ezingaphili zezinga eliphezulu. I-Alumina ne-hydrogen zakhiwa ukusabela okunamandla kwama-pellets e-aluminium-gallium alloy emanzini, okuyinqubo efanelekile yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen yezimoto ezisebenzisa i-hydrogen esikhathini esizayo. I-Trimethyl aluminium isetshenziswa njenge-olefin polymerization catalyst, i-rocket fuel kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa ukwenza i-trimethyl gallium.
Itshe le-bauxite lingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izinto ezivimbela ukubola, izinto zokuhlanza amanzi, izinto zokuqhekeka kwensimu kawoyela, i-corundum ensundu kanye ne-alumina ephezulu, i-calcium aluminate powder noma i-calcium aluminate cement, njll., kanye ne-aluminium-silicon alloy nayo ingakhiqizwa ngendlela yokushisa kagesi.
Udaka olubomvu olukhiqizwa yi-alumina lungasetshenziswa njenge-desulfurizer kanye ne-ejenti yokuthuthukisa inhlabathi yezitshalo zikagesi ezisebenzisa amalahle. Ngemva kokususwa kwe-sodium, lungasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza usimende, izinto zodonga, i-ceramsite, njll. Odakeni olubomvu lungasetshenziswa futhi ukukhipha impuphu ye-iron ore, i-scandium engavamile, i-bismuth kanye nezinye izinsimbi eziyigugu.
Imikhiqizo ephakathi ye-aluminium oxide, i-sodium aluminate ewuketshezi kanye ne-sodium aluminate eqinile (i-sintered clinker), ingasetshenziswa njenge-concrete accelerator noma isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni i-accelerator; i-Gallium, i-vanadium kanye nezinye izinsimbi eziyigugu zingatholakala futhi zikhishwe ku-intermediate mother liquor ekhiqizwa yi-alumina.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-15-2020