I-alumina yekhemikhali yahlukile, ngokwemigangatho yoshishino lwesinyithi esingenasinyithi i-YS/ton 619-2007 "uhlobo lwe-alumina yekhemikhali kunye negama lophawu", ngokwendlela eyakhiwe ngayo i-alumina yekhemikhali yahlulwe yangamacandelo ama-5: uthotho lwe-aluminium hydroxide, uthotho olukhethekileyo lwe-aluminium oxide, uthotho lwe-alumina oluncinci oluyi-quasi, uthotho lwe-zeolite kunye nothotho lwesamente ye-calcium aluminate.
Ngoku, i-polyaluminium chloride, i-sodium silicate, ityuwa ye-fluoride kunye nezinye iityuwa ze-aluminium, i-sodium aluminate, i-gallium kunye nee-gallium compounds, inxalenye ye-alumina ceramics kunye ne-corundum refractories nazo zibandakanyiwe kudidi lwe-chemical alumina.
Ngo-1910, i-Alcoa yavelisa yaza yathengisa ibhetshi yokuqala ye-alumina ene-calcined emhlabeni, eyayiyeyona nto isetyenziswayo ukuvelisa i-corundum abrasives emhlophe.
I-alumina yekhemikhali ibonakaliswa ziimveliso ezahlukeneyo, ixabiso elongezelelweyo eliphezulu, umxholo ophezulu wobugcisa, amasimi esicelo abanzi nakhulayo, ixabiso elizinzileyo, inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ngoko ke, ibe lisebe elibaluleke kakhulu kushishino lwe-aluminium.
Amazwe amaninzi ehlabathini atyale imali eninzi kuphuhliso lweshishini le-alumina yeekhemikhali. I-Alcoa yayiyeyona mveliso inkulu ye-alumina yeekhemikhali ehlabathini, inamashishini emveliso angama-24, egubungela onke amazwe amakhulu kunye nemimandla ehlabathini, ivelisa iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-220 kunye neetoni ezingaphezu kwe-1000k /a. Emva koko ngo-2007 ipleyiti ye-alumina yeekhemikhali yathunyelwa kwinkampani yaseNetherlands i-anmai.
IJapan yeyona mveliso ye-alumina yeekhemikhali enamandla kakhulu kwihlabathi, ukusetyenziswa kwayo, imveliso yayo imalunga ne-1000 k, iitoni ezingama-2012, kwaye iyaqhubeka nokunyuka kancinci, uhlobo lolona lubalaseleyo kwihlabathi, iJapan ayivelisi i-alumina ye-metallurgical grade, kodwa iqaphele ubungakanani kwimveliso yeekhemikhali ye-alumina, i-seriation, isayensi kunye netekhnoloji ephezulu, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokulinganiswa kweendleko, imveliso ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana neemfuno zasekhaya, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufikelele kwi-25%. Ngaphezulu kwe-85% yemveliso ye-alumina yeekhemikhali yaseJapan iveliswa yishishini leekhemikhali le-sumitomo, i-showa denko kunye neentsimbi zokukhanya zaseJapan.
Malunga nowe-1940, i-United States, iJapan kunye neYurophu kuphando lwe-alumina yeekhemikhali ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, ukuya kuma-1970, kwamanye amazwe aphuhlileyo kwezoshishino kumazwe angaphandle ibe luphuhliso olukhulu.
Ngokwezibalo zombutho we-aluminium industry Association, ngo-1975, imveliso iyonke ye-alumina kumazwe aseNtshona imalunga ne-20344k tons, imveliso ye-alumina yeekhemikhali yayiziitoni ezili-1699k, nto leyo eyenza i-8.3% yemveliso iyonke; Ngo-2000, imveliso iyonke ye-alumina yehlabathi yayimalunga ne-51200k tons, ngelixa imveliso ye-alumina yeekhemikhali yayiyiitoni ezingama-4800k, nto leyo eyenza i-9.4% yemveliso iyonke. Ngo-2008, imveliso yehlabathi ye-alumina ye-metallurgical grade yayiyiitoni ezingama-60496k kwaye i-alumina yeekhemikhali yayiyiitoni ezingama-4638k, nto leyo eyenza i-7.12% yemveliso iyonke. Ngo-2012, imveliso iyonke ye-alumina ehlabathini yayiyiitoni ezingama-95,705k, kwaye imveliso ye-alumina yeekhemikhali yayiyiitoni ezingama-85,80k, nto leyo eyenza i-9% yemveliso iyonke. Ukususela ngo-2008 ukuya ku-2012, umyinge wonyaka Izinga lokukhula kwe-alumina yeekhemikhali zehlabathi yayiyi-16.6%, malunga neepesenti ezili-11 eziphezulu kunezinga lokukhula lonyaka eliqhelekileyo le-aluminium yokuqala.
Ishishini le-alumina yeekhemikhali eTshayina laqala kade. Malunga nowe-1961, ukuze kusonjululwe ukunqongophala kwezinto eziluhlaza kwishishini le-elektroniki, i-shandong aluminium plant (ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba yi-shandong aluminium industry co., LTD.) yaqala yaphuhlisa i-alumina ene-sodium ephantsi yaza yaqalisa uphando, uphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwe-alumina yeekhemikhali eTshayina.
Kwiminyaka yoo-1970, ukuze kwaneliswe i-petroleum, iikhemikhali, ii-refractories, iiceramics, amayeza, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, izixhobo, i-aerospace kunye nezinye izimboni, imfuno yeekhemikhali ze-alumina, i-shandong aluminium plant, i-zhengzhou light metal research institute kwaye inophuhliso kunye nemveliso ye-activated alumina, i-alumina arsenic fluoride removal agent, i-low iron aluminium hydroxide, i-high purity alumina, iiceramics ezine-alpha Al2O3, i-spray nge-alumina kunye nezinye iintlobo ezingama-24 zeemveliso ezintsha.
Kwiminyaka yoo-1980, imveliso ye-alumina yeekhemikhali yaseTshayina yangena kwixesha lophuhliso olukhawulezileyo, kwaye iimveliso ezintsha zaqhubeka zivela. Zimelwe yi-zhengzhou light metal research institute, i-shandong aluminium industry co., ltd. kunye ne-China Great Wall aluminium industry co., ltd. Kwakhiwe imigca yemveliso ekhethekileyo ye-alumina engama-60. Kwiqela lamashishini amakhulu e-alumina kwiindawo ezingqongileyo, bakhe iqela lemveliso ye-alumina yeekhemikhali yamashishini abucala, basebenzisa izinto ezikrwada zasekhaya okanye ezingeniswe kwamanye amazwe ukuvelisa iintlobo ngeentlobo ze-alumina yeekhemikhali.
I-China lilizwe elikhulu elivelisa i-alumina, elisebenzisa iteknoloji yemveliso engaphezulu kunalo naliphi na elinye ilizwe, kulula ukuyiqonda indlela esebenza ngayo imveliso ye-alumina yeekhemikhali ngokuyidibanisa kwinkqubo yetekhnoloji, ingakumbi i-aluminium hydroxide eveliswa yinkqubo yokusila, enobumhlophe bendalo obuphezulu.
Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 yophuhliso, ishishini le-alumina yamakhemikhali laseTshayina linempembelelo enkulu kwiimarike zasekhaya nezangaphandle, izizalisi ze-aluminium hydroxide kunye nezinye iimveliso nazo ziyaziwa kakhulu kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe.
Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-United States, iJamani, iJapan, i-alumina yeekhemikhali yaseTshayina kungakhathaliseki umgangatho wemveliso, iintlobo ngeentlobo, isikali semveliso sinomsantsa omkhulu, isizathu esisisiseko kukuba ubuchwepheshe bemveliso kunye nezixhobo zibuyele umva, imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kophando olusisiseko lwethiyori akwanelanga, amandla okuvelisa izinto ezintsha abuthathaka, uphuhliso lwemarike alwanelanga.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-02-2020