Elinye lamanyathelo okuqala aliqela asetyenziswa ngababoneleli bamanzi bemasipala ukulungiselela amanzi ukuba asasazwe kukuwacoca kwaye angabi nazinhlayiya kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuze kufezwe oku, amanzi aphathwa nge-aluminium sulphate ebizwa ngokuba yi-alum, esebenza njenge-flocculent. Amanzi aluhlaza adla ngokuba namasuntswana amancinci axhonyiweyo anzima kakhulu ukuba abanjwe sisihluzi. I-Alum ibangela ukuba ahlangane ukuze akwazi ukuhlala emanzini okanye abanjwe lula sisihluzi.
Ngokwesiqhelo umxube wamanzi kunye ne-48% ye-filter alum ufakwa emanzini angena luhlaza ngesantya se-18 ukuya kwi-24 parts kwisigidi. I-alum ikhuthaza ukujiya kwamasuntswana amancinci okunceda ukusombulula iingxaki zombala kunye nokudumba. Ukuba inkqubo inikwa ixesha elaneleyo lokusebenza kwaye isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, ayilungisi nje kuphela iingxaki emanzini kodwa iphumela ekususweni kwe-aluminium esetyenzisiweyo kwinkqubo.
Nangona inkxalabo malunga nokhuseleko lokunyanga amanzi nge-aluminium idla ngokuvakaliswa, akukho bungqina bokuba i-aluminium emanzini, nokuba ivela kwi-aluminium sulphate esetyenziswa kunyango okanye ivela kwezinye iindawo, yingxaki yempilo.
Uninzi lwe-aluminiyam esetyenziswayo ivela kwi-aluminiyam efumaneka ngokwemvelo ekutyeni, i-aluminiyam esetyenziswa ekupakisheni ukutya, nakwiimveliso ezifana nee-deodorants kunye nee-vaccine.
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zee-coagulants eziphambili ezingasetyenziswa kwisityalo sokucoca amanzi. Enye yezona ziqalayo, kwaye isesetyenziswa kakhulu, yi-aluminium sulphate, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-alum. I-Alum ingathengwa ikwimo yolwelo enoxinzelelo lwe-8.3%, okanye ikwimo eyomileyo enoxinzelelo lwe-17%. Xa i-alum yongezwa emanzini, isabela namanzi kwaye iphumela kwii-ions ezitshajiweyo kakuhle.
Ukuxinana/ukuxinana yinkqubo esetyenziselwa ukususa ukudumba, umbala, kunye neentsholongwane ezithile emanzini. Kwigumbi lokuxubana nge-flash, iikhemikhali zongezwa emanzini kwaye zixutywe ngamandla ngaphantsi komzuzu. Ezi coagulants ziqulathe ii-coagulants eziphambili kunye/okanye ii-coagulant ezincedisayo. Emva koko, kwi-flocculation basin, amanzi axutywa kancinci imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-45 ukunika iikhemikhali ixesha lokusebenza kunye nokukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-floc. I-floc emva koko ihlala kwi-sedimentation basin.
Ukuxinana kususa ii-colloids kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo emanzini. La masuntswana ane-charge engalunganga, ngoko ke iikhemikhali ze-coagulant ezihlawuliswe kakuhle ziyazithintela ngexesha lokuxinana. Emva koko, ngexesha lokuxinana, la masuntswana adityaniswa ngamandla ka-van der Waal, enze i-floc. Inkqubo yokuxinana/ukuxinana ichaphazeleka yi-pH, iityuwa, i-alkalinity, i-turbidity, ubushushu, ukuxuba, kunye neekhemikhali ze-coagulant.
I-aluminium sulphate isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-flocculent kwizityalo zonyango lwamanzi kumazwe asakhasayo. Ikwafumaneka kakhulu kumazwe asakhasayo, ithengiswa ngeebhloko zelitye elimhlophe elithambileyo, kwaye ngokubanzi libizwa ngokuba yi-alum. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokusebenzisa i-alum njenge-flocculent, kuquka ukuyityumza ibe ngumgubo ngaphambi kokuyongeza emanzini, ukuyixuba nokuyikhupha okanye ukuyixuba yonke ilitye emanzini imizuzwana embalwa nokulinda ukuba izinto eziqinileyo zihlale. Iingenelo ze-alum kukuba ifumaneka ngokubanzi, ibonakalisiwe ukuba iyanciphisa i-turbidity, kwaye ayibizi kakhulu. Ingxaki ye-alum kukuba idosi efunekayo iyahluka ngendlela engalindelekanga. Izifundo zelebhu zibonise ukuba i-alum iyasebenza ekunciphiseni i-turbidity kunye nemfuno ye-chlorine.
Ixesha lokuposa: Epreli-14-2020