Iindlela zokususa i-fluorine

1. Iindlela zokususa i-fluorine zezi zilandelayo:

1) amanzi aqulethe i-fluorine adlula kwikholamu ye-adsorption kwaye i-fluorine ifunxwa phezu komphezulu we-adsorbent ukuze ivelise i-fluoride enganyibilikiyo. Ii-adsorbents yi-alumina esebenzayo, i-triccalcium phosphate okanye i-bone charcoal. Yeyona ndlela indala esetyenziswa emanzini angaphantsi komhlaba ene-fluoride < 10mg/L kunye ne-suspension substance < 5mg/L. Xa amandla okususa i-fluorine ye-adsorbent edla ngokugcwala, kufuneka kongezwe i-regeneration agent regeneration.

2) i-coagulant coagulant yongezwa emanzini ane-fluorine ukuze yenze i-fluoride enganyibilikiyo, esuswa ngokuhluzwa kwemvula. Ii-coagulants yi-Al2(SO4)3, i-aluminium chloride esisiseko, i-magnesium hydroxide, njl. Ifanelekile kumanzi aluhlaza ane-turbidity ephezulu kunye nomxholo we-fluorine ophantsi.

3) indlela yokutshintshiselana ngee-ion ISEBENZISA amandla okutshintshiselana ngee-ion exchange resin ukususa ii-ion ze-fluorine emanzini.

4) i-electrodialysis ISEBENZISA ukuvuleka okukhethiweyo kwe-ion exchange membrane ukususa i-fluorine

5) indlela ye-reverse osmosis ISEBENZISA ukuvuleka okukhethiweyo kwe-membrane engakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi ukususa i-fluorine

Phakathi kwezi ndlela zingasentla, 3), 4) kunye no-5) ziyasebenza kumanzi amdaka kunye neendawo ezinomxholo ophezulu we-fluorine. I-reverse osmosis isetyenziswa kakhulu okwangoku.

2. Amanqaku aphambili oyilo lobuchwephesha lokujiya kwetyuwa ye-aluminiyam kunye nokususwa kwe-fluorine

Ukugalela amanzi amdaka afanelekileyo kumanzi aluhlaza anomxholo we-fluoride ongaphantsi kwe-4mg/L. Amanzi aluhlaza anomxholo we-fluorine ophantsi kunye nokuxinana kwamanzi kufuneka asuswe ngaxeshanye. Iarhente kufuneka ikhethe ityuwa ye-aluminium. Xa uxinzelelo lwe-CL- kumanzi aluhlaza luphezulu, kusetyenziswa i-aluminium sulfate. Xa uxinzelelo lwe-sulfate yamanzi aluhlaza luphezulu, kusetyenziswa i-aluminium chloride; I-aluminium chloride esisiseko isetyenziswa xa zombini i-ion ziphezulu.

Ixesha lokujiya yimizuzu emi-5-6 kwaye ixabiso le-pH lilawulwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-6.5 kunye ne-7.5. Itanki yokuxuba, itanki yokusabela kwe-flocculation, itanki ye-sedimentation kunye nemvula kufuneka zenziwe ngesantya esiguquguqukayo okanye imvula engacwangciswanga, kunye nesiphumo esihle sokususa i-fluorine.

Ukuhamba kwenkqubo: amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba – ukujiya – ukuhlanjwa kwamanzi – ukuhluzwa, xa umgangatho wamanzi aluhlaza ulungile, kungashiywa ukuhlanjwa kwamanzi okanye iyunithi yonyango lokuhluzwa, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngaphambi kokufakwa kwedosi yepompo, ukuxuba ipompo, ukuhlanjwa kwamanzi emi, ukusela amanzi angaphezulu.

3, uyilo lwenkqubo yokususa i-fluorine kunye ne-alumina esebenzayo

Ngokubanzi, amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba anomxholo ophezulu we-fluoride ane-alkalinity ephezulu kunye ne-PH > 8.0, ngelixa i-PH inempembelelo enkulu kumthamo wokufunxa we-alumina esebenzayo. Umthamo wokufunxa we-alumina esebenzayo yi-4-5g(F-)/kg(Al2O3) xa i-PH yokungenisa amanzi yi-6.0-6.5. Kwi-PH ye-6.5-7.0, umthamo wokufunxa yayiyi-3-4g(F-)/kg(Al2O3). Ngaphandle kohlengahlengiso lwe-PH, umthamo wokufunxa umalunga ne-1g(F-)/kg(Al2O3).

I-alumina esebenzayo yisixhobo sokucoca, ubungakanani besuntswana kufuneka bube ngaphantsi kwe-2.5mm, ngokubanzi yi-0.5-1.5mm, i-coefficient engalinganiyo yesixhobo sokucoca i-K80≤2 xa umxholo we-fluoride wamanzi aluhlaza ungaphantsi kwe-4mg/L, ubukhulu besixhobo sokucoca kufuneka bube ngaphezu kwe-1.5mm; Xa umxholo we-fluoride wamanzi aluhlaza ungaphezulu kwe-4mg/L, ubukhulu besixhobo sokucoca kufuneka bube ngaphezu kwe-1.8mm. Xa i-PH yokungena kwamanzi ingaphezulu kwe-7.0, izinga lokucoca liqhele ukuba yi-2-3m/h, kwaye xa i-PH yokungena kwamanzi ingaphantsi kwe-7.0, izinga lokucoca liqhele ukuba yi-6-8m/h, kwaye ixesha lokunxibelelana elihambelanayo kufuneka libe yi-20-30min. I-aluminium sulfate isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokuvuselela, umlinganiselo womthamo wokususwa kwe-fluorine yi-60:1, kwaye umxholo wesisombululo sokuvuselela yi-2%-3%. Ngexesha lokuvuselela, amanzi aluhlaza ahlanjwa kuqala ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu ngamandla okuhlanjwa ayi-11-12l (s.m2), ixesha lokuhlamba liyi-5-8min kunye nokuphakama kokwandiswa malunga ne-50%. Emva koko, isisombululo se-aluminium sulfate esiyi-2% sasetyenziselwa ukuvuselela, esadluliselwa ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi ngesantya sokuhluza esimalunga ne-0.6m/h saza sahlala imizuzu eyi-6-8. Emva kokuvuselela, hlambulula ngamanzi okususa i-fluorination. Amandla okuhlanjwa ayefana nokuhlamba kokuqala kwaye ahlala imizuzu eyi-8-10.