Intshayelelo ye-aluminium oxide yekhemikhali

Inkcazo emfutshane yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-alumina

Uhlobo lwe-aluminium oxide eyaziwa ngokuba yi-special alumina, i-non-metallurgical aluminium oxide okanye i-chemical aluminium oxide, i-aluminium oxide kunye ne-aluminium hydroxide iimveliso ezahlukileyo okanye iimveliso zolwandiso. Ngokwendlela eyakhiwe ngayo iikhemikhali, ulwakhiwo lwekristale, ubungakanani besuntswana, ubumsulwa, ubulukhuni, i-sintering degree, njl.njl., lunokwahlulwa lube ziintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-300. Uhlobo lweentlobo ezininzi ze-alumina lwahlukile kakhulu, ezinye zinokuba nzima njengesafire, ezinye zinokuba thambile njengomgubo we-talcum; Ezinye zinobunzima obubonakalayo obungaphezulu kwe-3,200kg /m, ngelixa ezinye zinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-3.2kg /m. Ezinye izinto ezinganyibilikiyo, kodwa ezinye zinokunyibilika kwi-asidi kunye nesiseko, ngomsebenzi obalulekileyo; Ezinye iilwelo zinokuba njengokuvala isanti, kodwa ezinye ziyi-viscous okanye i-thixotropic colloid kwaye azinakuhluzwa; Ezinye izakhiwo zekristale kunye nobubanzi bekristale boluhlu olubanzi lokwahluka, ezinye azinawo ulwelo; Ezinye zinamandla aphezulu okufunxa, ezinye azinamandla okufunxa; Ezinye zi-catalysts ezisebenzayo kwaye ezinye azinawo ulwelo. Nangona kunjalo, uphawu oluqhelekileyo lwe Zonke iintlobo ze-alumina, nangayiphi na indlela, kukuba ekugqibeleni ziguqulwa zibe yi-alpha alumina ukuba zifudunyezwa ixesha elide kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu. Iintlobo ngeentlobo ze-alumina zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwikhemistri, amayeza, i-catalyst, irabha, iplastiki, ukwenza iphepha, ukuzalisa, i-pigment kunye nezinye iinkalo. Ngophuhliso lwesayensi netekhnoloji kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha, imakethi ye-alumina eyahlukeneyo iya isanda ngakumbi nangakumbi.

Ii. Ukwahlulwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-alumina

(I) Iintlobo ezininzi ze-aluminium hydroxide

1. Ukwahlulwa kweentlobo ngeentlobo ze-aluminium hydroxide:

(1) I-aluminium hydroxide eqhelekileyo yokuzalisa, D50 =50 m,70 m;

(2) Umgubo we-alumina hydroxide ocolekileyo, D50 ≤20 m;

(3) I-aluminium hydroxide micro powder (i-ultrafine aluminium hydroxide), i-D50 ≤1 m;

(4) I-aluminium hydroxide emhlophe eyomileyo, ubumhlophe obuyi-≥93%;

(5) I-aluminium hydroxide emhlophe ephezulu (i-agate yokwenziwa kunye nokugcwaliswa kwemarble yokwenziwa), ubumhlophe obuyi-≥95%;

(6) I-alkali (sodium) i-aluminium hydroxide ephantsi, i-Na2O+K2O≤0.10%;

(7) I-aluminium hydroxide yentsimbi ephantsi, i-Fe2O3≤0.005%;

(8) I-bauxite ebhityileyo, enohlobo lwekristale lwe-? -alooh njenge-bauxite e-monohydrous yamanzi e-crystalline ayi-1-2;

(9) Ijeli ye-aluminium hydroxide, ikristale al2O3.NH2O, isigaba esiphambili siluhlobo lwekristale olungenasimo.

2.UKUSETYENZISWA kweentlobo ngeentlobo ze-aluminium hydroxide:

(1) Isetyenziswa njengesithinteli-langatye

I-aluminium hydroxide sisixhobo esifanelekileyo sokugcwalisa i-flame retardant kwiplastiki, irabha kunye nezinye iipolymers kunye neendwangu zendalo. Izinto ezenziweyo ezine-aluminium hydroxide njenge-filler zezi: i-polyester, i-epoxy, i-phenolic, i-polypropylene, i-polyethylene, i-polyvinyl chloride, irabha ye-butyraldehyde, i-neoprene, irabha ye-silicone kunye ne-advanced fire retardant coating, ikhaphethi yomlilo, i-fire canvas, i-fire conveyor belt njalo njalo. Ngenxa yokuba i-aluminium hydroxide ingumgubo omhlophe, iipropati zayo zomzimba kunye neepropati zeekhemikhali zizinzile phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, akukho kufuma, akukho tshintsho lombala, akukho tyhefu kwaye akukho vumba, ubungakanani bamasuntswana bunokucutshungulwa njengoko kufuneka. Xa ubushushu bokufudumala budlula i-200℃, i-aluminium hydroxide iqala ukufunxa ubushushu kwaye ibole, ikhuphe amanzi amathathu ekristale. Okukhona ubushushu buphezulu, kokukhona isantya sokubola siya kuba siphezulu, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwe ukunyuka kobushushu be-polymer kwaye kudlala indima yokupholisa, ukulibaziseka komlilo kunye nokunciphisa umlilo.

(2) Isetyenziswa njengezinto zokuzalisa ilitye le-agate elenziweyo kunye ne-marble elenziweyo

Nge-aluminium hydroxide kunye ne-polyester resin engagcwaliyo okanye i-methacrylate resin inokuvelisa izinto zokuhombisa zemabula kunye ne-agate kunye nezinto zokuhombisa zangasese. Ngenxa yokuba i-aluminium hydroxide ine-refractive index (1.57) esondele kakhulu kweye-polyester resin, iimveliso zokwenziwa zibonelelwa ngokukhanya okukhanyayo nokwanelisayo, kwaye imibala eyahlukeneyo inokongezwa ukuyila iipateni ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkcukacha. Imveliso ikwanazo neempawu zodidi oluphezulu, ubunzima obuphantsi, akukho mitha, akukho buthuntu, ukusika okulula, njl.njl., kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu okwangoku.

(3) Isetyenziswa njengesizalisi sokwenza iphepha

I-aluminium hydroxide isetyenziswa kakhulu njengengubo yomphezulu, i-filler kunye nephepha elingatshiyo kwimveliso yephepha. I-aluminium hydroxide emhlophe ephezulu ene-ultrafine ibonakaliswa bubumhlophe obuphezulu, ubungakanani obuncinci bezinto ezincinci, ukusasazwa okufanayo, kunye nesimo sekristale esithe nkqo, njl. Ingathatha indawo ye-titanium white powder ngesiseko sokunganciphisi ubumhlophe bephepha kunye nokungacaci, konge iindleko zephepha, kuphucule ukukhazimla kwephepha, kwaye kuphucule ukusebenza kokuprinta.

(4) Isetyenziswa njengezaliso kwi-toothpaste

I-aluminium hydroxide ineempawu zokungqubana okuncinci kwaye iyinxalenye yezinto ezingathathi cala, ukuzalisa i-toothpaste njengesixhobo sokungqubana kunokususa ngokufanelekileyo ukungcola emazinyweni nakwiintsini ngaphandle komonakalo. Ubungakanani be-aluminium hydroxide esetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokuzalisa i-toothpaste ngokubanzi yi-D50 ≤7 m, kwaye ukongezwa kwe-alkali kufuneka kube < 0.01%.

(5) Isetyenziswa njengezinto zokwenza amayeza

Enye yezona zinto ziphambili zonyango lwesisu yi-aluminium hydroxide, enokuthi inciphise i-asidi yesisu kwaye iyinto elungileyo yokwenza unyango lwesisu.

(6) Njengezinto zokwenziwa kweekhemikhali

Ngenxa yokuba i-aluminium hydroxide yi-amphoteric compound, inokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza kwi-asidi enamandla okanye kwi-alkali, ngoko ke iye yaba yinto ekrwada kwiityuwa ezininzi ze-aluminium. Ezifana ne-aluminium sulfate kunye ne-alum yimveliso ye-aluminium hydroxide yokusabela kwi-sulfuric acid kunye neetyuwa zayo, i-polyaluminium chloride yimveliso ye-aluminium hydroxide yokusabela kwi-hydrochloric acid, i-aluminium fluoride yimveliso ye-aluminium hydroxide yokusabela kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid, njl., kunye ne-aluminium hydroxide (okanye isisombululo se-sodium aluminate) njengezinto ezikrwada, inokuvelisa ii-3 a, 4 a, 5 a 13 x molecular sieves, 10 x, kunye ne-Y type molecular sieves.

(2) I-alumina esebenzayo

Kukho iintlobo ezisibhozo ze-alumina ezi-crystalline:,,,,,,, kunye. Ngokufudumeza nokufunxa i-aluminium hydroxide kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-aluminium oxide zinokufunyanwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba itshisiwe kumaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwe-1200℃, ezinye iintlobo ze-crystal ze-aluminium oxide ekugqibeleni ziya kuguqulwa zibe yi-alumina. I-Alpha – alumina ibizwa ngokuba yi-high – temperature alumina, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-inert alumina, ezinye i-crystal alumina ezisixhenxe zibizwa ngokuba yi-low – temperature alumina, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-activated alumina.

Njenge-hydrate ye-alumina, indlela esebenza ngayo kunye nenkqubo ethile yotshintsho lwesigaba nayo yahlukile kakhulu ngenxa yomahluko kubushushu bokurosa, ixesha lokurosa kunye nokuhambelana kwe-hydrate. Xa i-aluminium hydroxide iphelelwa ngamanzi ngokukhawuleza kwi-400-600 ℃, ngenxa yokususwa kwamanzi, iseti yayo yekristale iyaqhekeka, umphezulu wekristale uyakhululeka, kwaye ii-pores ezininzi kunye nemingxunya yenziwa, ngaloo ndlela kukhokelela ekwandeni okukhulu kwendawo ethile yomphezulu. I-alumina enesakhiwo esifanelekileyo se-pore, umthamo omkhulu we-pore kunye nommandla ophezulu womphezulu othile inomsebenzi ophezulu. I-catalyst okanye i-catalyst carrier eyenziwa yiyo ingasetyenziselwa iziqholo, ukuqhekeka kwe-hydrocarbon okanye ukwenziwa kwayo, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, i-oxidation, i-dehydrogenation, i-hydrogenation, i-reforming, i-desulfurization, i-dechloritization, i-defluorination njalo njalo. I-alumina esebenzayo ingasongwa ibe ziibhola okanye icinezelwe ibe yimicu njenge-desiccant kunye ne-hygroscopic agent ye-liquids kunye ne-gases, esetyenziselwa ukubanda, ukomisa umoya, ukomisa umoya kwizixhobo kunye nokufunxwa kwezinto ezilandelelanayo okanye ukungcola okulandelelanayo kwiinkqubo zoshishino. Ukongeza, ine-adhesion enamandla, sisixhobo sokwenza izinto ezichasene nomlilo.

(3) I-alumina engasebenziyo

I-okside ye-aluminium engafakwanga ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-aluminium oxide enobushushu obuphezulu, i-aluminium hydroxide okanye enye i-crystalline aluminium oxide eyenziwe yi-1200℃ okanye ngaphezulu kobushushu obuphezulu bokurosa -crystalline aluminium oxide. Njenge-oxide yesinyithi, i-alpha-alumina ineempawu ezilungileyo zomzimba nezekhemikhali. Ine-cohesion entle phakathi kweemolekyuli, i-crystallization encinci kwaye igqibelele, kwaye inokumelana notshintsho lweekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo. Kwangaxeshanye, i-alpha-alumina ikwanazo neengenelo ze-high melting point (2050℃), ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-insulation, amandla aphezulu oomatshini, ukumelana nokukrala okuhle, kunye nokumelana nobushushu okuphezulu kunye namandla okumelana nobushushu, ngoko ke isetyenziswa kakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. ukuchasana

Ngenxa yokuba ikwindawo yokunyibilika ephezulu, iipropati zayo ezintle zoomatshini kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, i-alpha-alumina isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zokurhawuzelela, ezifana nezitena zokurhawuzelela ze-mullite kunye ne-alumina, izitena zokurhawuzelela ze-corundum kunye neemveliso ze-corundum, kunye nee-castable zokurhawuzelela ezingabonakaliyo.

2. Iiseramikhi ze-alumina eziphezulu

Ngenxa yokuba i-alumina inkulu kakhulu, inokwenza umzimba oqinileyo osinki, kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye namandla aphezulu oomatshini, ngoko ke ifanelekile ukuvelisa i-porcelain engagugiyo, efana nokusila ngeebhola ezahlukeneyo ze-porcelain, i-nozzle ye-sandblast, i-water brush, njl.njl., kodwa ikwafanelekile ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nobushushu, amandla obushushu, ifanelekile ukuvelisa izixhobo ze-ceramic. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kokugquma okuphezulu kobushushu, i-sodium -alumina ephantsi ifanelekile ukuvelisa iiplagi ze-spark kunye ne-insulators zezixhobo zombane ezishushu kakhulu, ibhodi yombane ehlanganisiweyo yefilimu encinci, iindawo ezisemgangathweni kunye nezinye i-porcelain yokugquma ephezulu. I-Alpha-alumina isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni ii-ceramics zokwakha, ii-ceramics zoshishino, ii-ceramics zombane ze-elektroniki, iimpahla zangasese kunye nee-ceramics eziphilayo, kunye nee-ceramics zenkqubo, ezifana nezitena ze-ceramic ezenziwe nge-alpha-alumina, imigangatho ye-ceramic, iintonga ze-ceramic eziqengqelekayo, iipompo ze-ceramic, izihluzi ze-ceramic, njl.njl.

3. Izinto ezirhabaxa (izinto ezixhathisa ukurhabaxa)

Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphezulu, i-alpha-alumina ingasetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokusila, izixhobo zokusila kunye nezinto ezinganyangekiyo. Ukuba ingasetyenziswa njengentsimbi, isinyithi esingenasinyithi, iplastiki, umthi okanye ifayibha yomthi kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zezixhobo zokusila nokupolisha amatye (kubandakanya i-jade), inokwenza ivili lokusila, isixhobo sokujika kunye nezinye izixhobo zokusika, ingasetyenziswa kumaleko wokusila womgangatho womthi odibeneyo kunye nezinye izixhobo okanye iimveliso zesinyithi umaleko wokusila womphezulu.

(4) I-alumina ecocekileyo kakhulu

I-aluminium oxide ecocekileyo kakhulu ibhekisa kumxholo we-AL2O3 > 99.99%, i-granularity < 1 mu m umgubo we-alumina ococekileyo kakhulu, isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuthungwa kwe-alumina okucacileyo, isithwali se-fluorescent, isibane se-sodium esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, izixhobo zomzimba nezekhemikhali ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ithambo lokwenziwa, i-substrate ye-semiconductor (C), izinto zokuzalisa iteyiphu yokurekhoda, i-super filter medium, izixhobo ze-abrasive ezikumgangatho ophezulu, iiceramics ezikhethekileyo, izixhobo zokusika, i-crucible ecocekileyo ephezulu, ejikeleze i-axis, ithagethi yokuqhumisa, ityhubhu yesithando, izixhobo zokupakisha, izixhobo zekristale enye, amatye okwenziwa, njl.njl.;Inokuphucula ubuncinci, ukugqiba, ukudinwa okubandayo nokushisa, ukuqina kokuqhekeka kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kweeceramics.Inokuphucula ukumelana nokuguguleka kweemveliso zemolekyuli, ezisetyenziselwa iplastiki, ukuqinisa irabha kunye nokuqina, ukumelana nokuguguleka, izizali zokugquma ezichasene nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nezizali zokuhombisa eziphambili;Kwangaxeshanye, ikwasetyenziswa njenge-catalyst kunye ne-catalyst carrier kumashishini e-petrochemical kunye nezichumisi, itekhnoloji ye-laser njengezinto eziluhlaza zeglasi ye-laser neodymium kunye nezixhobo ze-ruby laser, njengezixhobo zokufakelwa eziphambili kushishino lwamandla, i-aerospace kushishino, njengonyango lomphezulu weenqwelo-moya, iirokethi kunye neesathelayithi zokwenziwa, njl. Ngokuhambela phambili koluntu kunye nophuhliso lwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji, intsimi yokusetyenziswa kobunyulu obuphezulu kunye ne-alumina ecolekileyo kakhulu nayo iyanda, kwaye amathuba emarike athembisa kakhulu.

(5) ICorundum

Ikristale ye-alumina yendalo ibizwa ngokuba yi-corundum, edla ngokuba nemibala eyahlukeneyo ngenxa yokungcola okwahlukeneyo. Ine-glass okanye i-diamond luster, enobunzima obuyi-3.9-4.1g /cm3 kunye nobunzima obuyi-8.8. I-corundum yendalo ikwabizwa ngokuba lilitye elixabisekileyo. Ezo zincinci i-chromium oxide kwikristale ziyi-ruby, ezo zincinci i-iron kunye ne-titanium zi-sapphire, kwaye ezo zincinci i-iron kunye ne-cobalt zi-emerald.

Imveliso ye-corundum yendalo kwindalo incinci kakhulu, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuhombiseni. I-corundum esetyenziselwa izinto zokwenza imveliso yemizi-mveliso yenziwe ngokwenziwa. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-corundum yokwenziwa: i-corundum edibeneyo kunye ne-corundum e-sintered. Kukho iintlobo ezilandelayo ikakhulu:

1. I-corundum edibeneyo

I-alumina exutyiweyo ikakhulu iqulathe i-alumina emhlophe exutyiweyo kunye ne-alumina emdaka exutyiweyo.

I-corundum emhlophe exutyiweyo yenziwe nge-alumina yemizi-mveliso kwaye inyibilikiswa kwisithando se-arc kubushushu obuphezulu obungaphezulu kwe-2000℃. Ineempawu zokuba mhlophe kakhulu, ubumsulwa obuphezulu, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukuzibukhali okugqwesileyo, amandla okusila aqinileyo, ubushushu obuphantsi, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, uzinzo oluhle lobushushu njl.njl. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zokugaya nokupolisha eziphambili, izixhobo zokugaya ezenziwe ngayo, ukusila intsimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu kunye nentsimbi engatyiwayo; Ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni isikhunta esinobuqhophololo obuphezulu kunye nobuchanekileyo, esisetyenziselwa ukwenza iiceramics ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo zomkhosi, ze-elektroniki kunye nezinye izixhobo zobugcisa obuphezulu; I-corundum eyenziwe nge-alumina ecocekileyo kakhulu ingasetyenziswa njengeelitye zokwenziwa.

I-corundum emdaka, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-emery, yenziwe nge-bauxite, i-anthracite kunye ne-iron ekrwada ngokuyinyibilikisa kubushushu obuphezulu obungaphezulu kwe-2000℃ kwisithando sombane. Umbala wayo umdaka.

I-brown corundum ibonakaliswa bubunzima obuphakathi, uxinano olukhulu lweenqwaba, i-crystallization elungileyo, i-low linear expansion coefficient, ubulukhuni obuhle kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, njl. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokuqhumisa isanti, ii-abrasives, izizalisi, i-filtration media, izinto zokusika, ii-refractories, ii-abrasives kunye nee-ceramics.

2. I-corundum edibeneyo

I-corundum etyhidiweyo esekwe kwi-ore ye-alumina bauxite yemizi-mveliso okanye ecocekileyo njengezinto eziluhlaza, eyenziwe ngebhola okanye umzimba wezinto zokusila ezincinci, kwi-1750-1900 ℃ i-sintering yobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye inemfihlo enkulu, i-porosity ephantsi, ingqolowa enamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokutsha kobushushu obuhle kakhulu kubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokukhukuliseka kwe-slag, esetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni i-abrasive erhabaxa nerhabaxa.

3. I-corundum yetafile

I-plate corundum luhlobo lomgubo we-aluminium oxide ococekileyo kakhulu, oqala ukugaya, ucolwe uze womiswe uze ufakwe i-calcium kubushushu obuphezulu be-1850-1950℃. Yenziwe ngepleyiti ephuhliswe kakuhle kunye nesakhiwo sekristale esinamaqhekeza amakhulu. Yinto efanelekileyo yokuchasana nobumsulwa obuphezulu, uzinzo oluhle lomthamo, ukuncitshiswa okuncinci emva kokuphinda kufakwe kunye nokumelana okukhulu kobushushu. I-plate corundum iveliswa ikakhulu ngokusila, kodwa nangokunyibilika ngombane.

6) iityuwa ze-aluminium

Iityuwa ze-aluminiyam zibhekisa kwiikhompawundi ze-aluminiyam. Zimbalwa iityuwa ze-aluminiyam ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ezichazwe apha.

1. I-aluminium sulfate

I-aluminium sulfate ine-aluminium sulfate kunye ne-polyaluminum sulfate, i-aluminium ammonium sulfate (i-ammonium alum), i-aluminium sulfate potassium (i-alum okanye i-potassium alum), ngokubanzi ine-sulfuric acid kunye ne-aluminium hydroxide okanye i-bauxite, i-kaolin, i-fly ash kunye nezinye iimveliso ze-aluminium minerals reaction. I-aluminium sulfate isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-reagent yemizi-mveliso, i-flocculant, i-arhente yonyango lwamanzi, ukwenza iphepha, njl.njl., kwaye ikwasetyenziswa nakwimveliso yezinye iimveliso zeekhemikhali eziqulethe i-aluminium. I-polyaluminum sulfate isetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lwamanzi angaphezulu; I-Alum ingasetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokugalela, i-arhente yokuthomalalisa kunye ne-precipitant yamanzi ekutyeni. I-Alum isetyenziswa kumayeza emveli aseTshayina kunye ne-baking powder. Ikwasetyenziswa ekwenzeni iphepha, ekupeyinteni nanjenge-arhente yokuthintela amanzi.

2. I-aluminium chloride

I-aluminium chloride kunye ne-polyaluminum chloride (i-aluminium sol) zisetyenziswa kwi-carbonate ye-aluminium, edla ngokulungiswa yi-reaction ye-hydrochloric acid kunye ne-aluminium yesinyithi, i-aluminium hydroxide okanye iiminerali ezine-aluminium. I-aluminium chloride kunye ne-polyaluminum chloride luhlobo lokucoca amanzi olunexabiso eliphantsi kunye nesiphumo esihle, kwaye lungasetyenziswa njengobungakanani bephepha, ukucocwa kweswekile, ukubumba i-casting, i-lap anti-wrinkle, i-catalyst carrier, i-binder, ukucocwa kwamayeza, ukucwangciswa kwesamente ngokukhawuleza, izinto zokuhlobisa, njl.njl.

3. I-aluminium fluoride kunye ne-sodium fluoride

I-aluminium fluoride kunye ne-sodium fluoaluminate ziityuwa ezimbini eziphambili ze-fluoride. I-aluminium fluoride isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-adjustment agent kwi-electrolytic aluminium refishing medium. Yi-powder emhlophe ene-crystallization efana nenaliti. Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-aluminium fluoride ine-wet method kunye ne-dry method. Ngenxa yeemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, indlela emanzi iyasuswa kwaye indlela eyomileyo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso. Ukuhamba kwenkqubo yokuvelisa i-aluminium fluoride eyomileyo kuquka inkqubo yokujikeleza i-fluidized bed yeLuqi Company eJamani, inkqubo yokujikeleza i-fluidized bed yeBooth Company eSwitzerland kunye nenkqubo ye-HF synthesis ALF3 yee-heat furniture zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zePincnair Company eFransi. Inkqubo eyomileyo kukuvelisa i-calcium sulfate (gypsum) kunye negesi ye-HF ngokuphendula kwe-fluorite kunye ne-sulfuric acid, kwaye emva koko ukuvelisa i-aluminium fluoride ngokuphendula kwegesi ye-HF kunye ne-aluminium hydroxide emva kokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Xa imveliso yesityalo se-phosphate fertilizer yemveliso ye-fluorosilicic acid ye-aluminium fluoride, inkqubo yokujikeleza i-Austrian Linz yenkampani, eyokuqala ihlangabezana neemfuno zesisombululo se-fluorosilicic acid preheating, kwaye emva koko kwi-tank evuselelweyo ene-aluminium hydroxide (okanye i-bauxite slurry) kwi-reaction ethile yobushushu, i-aluminium fluoride kunye ne-silica (precipitation); Kwakhona ungasebenzisa amanzi e-ammonia kunye ne-fluorosilicic acid reaction, ukwakheka kwe-ammonium fluoride kunye ne-silica gel (precipitation), emva koko kunye isisombululo se-ammonium fluoride kunye ne-aluminium hydroxide phantsi kobushushu obuthile kunye nempendulo yoxinzelelo, ukwakheka kwe-aluminium fluoride.

I-Sodium fluoroaluminate (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-cryolite) yi-fluoride entsonkothileyo, edla ngokuba ngamasuntswana amhlophe okanye ipowder engwevu, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-aluminium ye-electrolytic njengesinyibilikisi. Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-sodium fluoroaluminate ibandakanya ikakhulu indlela ye-soda fluoroaluminate, ethi kuqala iphendule nge-hydrofluoric acid kunye ne-aluminium hydroxide ukuvelisa i-fluoroaluminate, ize emva koko iphendule nge-soda ukwenza i-sodium fluoroaluminate (cryolite).

4.Enye ityuwa yealuminiyam

I-aluminium nitrate ingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokudibanisa izinto eziphilayo, i-mordant kwishishini lokuprinta nokudaya, i-ejenti yokugqiba ulusu, njl.njl., edla ngokwenziwa ngokuphendula i-aluminium okanye i-aluminium hydroxide kunye ne-nitric acid.

I-aluminium phosphate ingasetyenziswa njengesibulali-zinambuzane esifuthayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ilungiswa ngokutshiswa komgubo we-aluminium oxutyiweyo kunye ne-phosphorus ebomvu.

Ii-molecular seeves ze-aluminium phosphate series zinamandla aphezulu okutshintshiselana kwee-ion kunye nomsebenzi we-catalytic kwaye zilungiselelwe yi-reaction ye-aluminium hydroxide kunye ne-phosphoric acid.

I-aluminium dihydrogen tripolyphosphate ingasetyenziswa njenge-pigment echasene nokubola, i-adsorbent (deodorant), i-ethylene ukuya kwi-ethanol catalyst, ngokubanzi ivela kwi-aluminium yesinyithi okanye i-aluminium hydroxide reaction ene-phosphoric acid.

I-aluminium silicate ethambileyo kakhulu yi-amorphous super white powder ene-suspension entle kakhulu kunye nembonakalo emhlophe ecocekileyo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekugqumeni, eluswini, ekuprinteni nasekudayeni, kwi-inki yokuprinta, ekwenzeni iphepha, kwiplastiki, kwirabha nakwezinye izinto xa idityaniswa nezinye izinto (i-titanium white powder). I-crystalline aluminium silicate ingasetyenziswa njenge-catalyst ye-methanol gas phase dehydration ukuvelisa i-dimethyl ether. I-aluminium silicate eqhelekileyo ingasetyenziswa njengezinto zokuthintela ukugquma. I-aluminium silicate idla ngokulungiswa ngokuphendula kweglasi yamanzi kunye ne-aluminium sulfate.

I-aluminium borate crystal ingasetyenziswa njengeplastiki, isinyithi, izixhobo zokuqinisa i-ceramic, ngokubanzi ixutywe ne-aluminium oxide kunye ne-boron okanye i-boron oxide, emva kokuba idibene nobushushu obuphezulu, inokuba ngumphunga wamanzi kwi-mode yegesi ye-aluminium fluoride kunye ne-boron oxide, i-aluminium borate crystal yenziwe nge-aluminium borate crystal.

(vii) ezinye iintlobo ngeentlobo ze-alumina kunye neemveliso zolwandiso ezinxulumene noko

Olunye uhlobo lwe-alumina lusenayo i-aluminium ekhabhoni, i-aluminium oxide fiber, ifilimu ye-aluminium oxide, umgubo we-SB, ukongeza i-aluminium gallium alloy shot, i-trimethyl-aluminium kunye nezinye i-organic aluminium nazo ziyimveliso enomxholo ophezulu wobugcisa. I-Alumina fiber iquka i-Al2O3 single crystal fiber, i-Al2O3 long fiber, i-Al2O3 short fiber, esetyenziswa kakhulu njengesinyithi, iplastiki, irabha, izinto zokuqinisa i-ceramic, izinto zokuthintela ukurhawuzelela kunye nezinto zokuthintela ukurhawuzelela kwi-rocket launch trajectory, i-oil-water emulsion, umxube we-oil-water kunye nezinto zokwahlula ulwelo lweglue kunye nokucoca, kwaye ikwasetyenziswa njengesithwali se-catalyst sokuguqula i-hydrocarbon. I-SB powder sisixhobo esiluhlaza se-hydrogenation catalyst kunye nezinye ii-catalysts eziphezulu. I-Alumina kunye ne-hydrogen zenziwe yi-reaction enamandla yee-pellets ze-aluminium-gallium alloy emanzini, eyinkqubo efanelekileyo yokuvelisa i-hydrogen kwizithuthi ezisebenzisa i-hydrogen kwixesha elizayo. I-Trimethyl aluminium isetyenziswa njenge-olefin polymerization catalyst, i-rocket fuel kunye nezinto eziluhlaza ukwenza i-trimethyl gallium.

I-ore yeBauxite ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izinto ezichasayo, ii-flocculants zokucoca amanzi, ii-oil field fracturing proppants, i-brown corundum kunye nesamente ephezulu ye-alumina, umgubo we-calcium aluminate okanye isamente ye-calcium aluminate, njl.njl., kwaye i-aluminium-silicon alloy nayo inokuveliswa ngendlela yokufudumeza ngombane.

Udaka olubomvu oluveliswa yi-alumina lungasetyenziswa njenge-desulfurizer kunye ne-arhente yokuphucula umhlaba kwizityalo zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle. Emva kokususwa kwe-sodium, lungasetyenziswa ukuvelisa isamente, izinto zodonga, i-ceramsite, njl. Kwidaka elibomvu lungasetyenziswa ukukhupha umgubo we-iron ore, i-scandium engaqhelekanga, i-bismuth kunye nezinye izinyithi ezixabisekileyo.

Iimveliso eziphakathi ze-aluminium oxide, i-sodium aluminate engamanzi kunye ne-sodium aluminate eqinileyo (i-sintered clinker), zingasetyenziswa njenge-concrete accelerator okanye zisetyenziswe ekuveliseni i-accelerator; i-Gallium, i-vanadium kunye nezinye izinyithi ezixabisekileyo zinokufunyanwa kwaye zikhutshwe kwi-intermediate mother liquor eveliswa yi-alumina.