Sharaxaad kooban oo ku saabsan noocyada kala duwan ee alumina
Noocyo kala duwan oo ah oksaydh aluminium ah oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan alumina gaar ah, oksaydh aluminium aan bir ahayn ama oksaydh aluminium kiimiko ah, oksaydh aluminium ah iyo hydroxide aluminium ah oo kala duwan ama alaabada fidinta. Sida ku cad halabuurka kiimikada, qaab-dhismeedka kiristaalka, cabbirka walxaha, daahirnimada, adkaanta, heerka sintering, iwm., waxaa loo qaybin karaa in ka badan 300 oo nooc. Dabeecadda noocyo badan oo alumina ah aad bay u kala duwan tahay, qaarkood waxay noqon karaan kuwo adag sida safayr, qaarkood waxay noqon karaan kuwo jilicsan sida budada talcum; Qaarkood waxay leeyihiin cufnaan muuqata oo ka badan 3,200kg /m, halka kuwa kalena ay leeyihiin cufnaan ka yar 3.2kg/m. Qaar ka mid ah walxaha aan milmi karin, laakiin qaarkood waxay ku milmi karaan aashitada iyo salka, iyagoo leh hawlo muhiim ah; Dareeraha qaarkood waxay noqon karaan sida sifeynta ciidda, laakiin qaarkood waa viscous ama xitaa thixotropic colloid oo aan la sifeyn karin; Qaab-dhismeedka kiristaalka qaarkood iyo dhexroorka kiristaalka oo leh kala duwanaansho ballaaran, qaar waa amorphous; Qaar waxay leeyihiin awood nuugid sare, qaarna ma laha awood nuugid; Qaar waa kiciyeyaal firfircoon qaarna waa kuwo aan firfircoonayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, astaamo guud oo ah Dhammaan noocyada alumina, qaab kasta ha ahaatee, waa in ugu dambeyntii loo beddelo alfa alumina haddii la kululeeyo muddo dheer heerkul aad u sarreeya. Noocyo kala duwan oo alumina ah ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa kiimikada, daawada, kaaliyayaasha, caagga, balaastikada, sameynta waraaqaha, buuxinta, midabka iyo meelaha kale. Iyadoo la horumarinayo sayniska iyo tignoolajiyada iyo adeegsiga agabyo cusub, suuqa alumina noocyo badan leh ayaa sii ballaaranaya oo sii ballaaranaya.
Ii. Kala soocidda noocyada kala duwan ee alumina
(I) Noocyo badan oo aluminium hydroxide ah
1. Kala soocidda noocyo badan oo aluminium hydroxide ah:
(1) Buuxinta caadiga ah ee aluminium hydroxide, D50 = 50 m,70 m;
(2) Budada aluminium hydroxide ee khafiifka ah, D50 ≤20 m;
(3) Budada yar ee aluminium hydroxide (hydroxide aluminium ultrafine), D50 ≤1 m;
(4) Hawo-saydh aluminium cad oo qalalan, caddaan ≥93%;
(5) Hydroxide aluminium cad oo sarreeya (agate macmal ah iyo walxo marmar macmal ah), caddaan ≥95%;
(6) Alkaalshiyam (sodium) hydroxide oo hooseeya, Na2O+K2O≤0.10%;
(7) Haayksaydh aluminium ah oo bir yar, Fe2O3≤0.005%;
(8) bauxite-ka khafiifka ah, oo leh nooc kiristaal ah? -alooh oo ah bauxite monohydrous ah oo ka kooban 1-2 biyo kiristaal ah;
(9) Jeel aluminium hydroxide ah, kiristaal al2O3.NH2O, marxaladda ugu weyn waa nooca kiristaalka aan qaab lahayn.
2. ISTICMAALIDA noocyada kala duwan ee aluminium hydroxide:
(1) Waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii wax ka celiya ololka
Aluminium hydroxide waa buuxinta dab-damiska ee ugu habboon balaastikada, caagga iyo polymers-ka kale ee dabiiciga ah iyo dharka. Qalabka isku-dhafka ah ee leh aluminium hydroxide sida buuxinta waa: polyester, epoxy, phenolic, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, caag butyraldehyde, neoprene, caag silicone ah iyo dahaarka dab-damiska ee horumarsan, roogagga dabka, shiraaca dabka, suunka gudbiyaha dabka iyo wixii la mid ah. Sababtoo ah aluminium hydroxide waa budo cad, sifooyinkiisa jireed iyo sifooyinka kiimikada ayaa ah kuwo deggan xaaladaha caadiga ah, ma jiro nuugista qoyaanka, ma jiro isbeddel midab, ma aha sun aan waxyeello lahayn ur la'aan, cabbirka walxaha waa la farsameyn karaa sida loogu baahdo wax soo saarka. Marka heerkulka kuleylinta uu ka bato 200℃, aluminium hydroxide wuxuu bilaabaa inuu nuugo kulaylka oo uu burburo, isagoo sii daaya saddex biyo oo kiristaalo ah. Heerkulku intuu sarreeyo, xawaaraha kala-goysku wuu sii kordhayaa, sidaas darteed wuxuu joojinayaa kor u kaca heerkulka polymer-ka wuxuuna ciyaarayaa doorka qaboojinta, dib-u-dhaca ololka iyo xakamaynta dabka.
(2) Waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii qalab buuxin ah oo loogu talagalay dhagaxa agate ee macmalka ah iyo marmarka macmalka ah
Iyada oo la adeegsanayo aluminium hydroxide iyo polyester aan dheregsanayn ama resin methacrylate waxay soo saari kartaa walxo qurxin marmar iyo agate macmal ah iyo qalab nadaafadeed. Maadaama aluminium hydroxide uu leeyahay tusmada refractive (1.57) oo aad ugu dhow kan polyester resin, alaabada macmal ah waxaa la siiyaa iftiin hufan oo qancinaya, midabyo kala duwanna waa lagu dari karaa si loo naqshadeeyo qaabab iyo qeexitaanno kala duwan. Badeecadu waxay sidoo kale leedahay astaamo heer sare ah, miisaan fudud, shucaac la'aan, jajab la'aan, jaritaan fudud, iwm., waxaana si weyn loo isticmaalay hadda.
(3) Loo isticmaalo buuxinta waraaqaha
Aluminium hydroxide waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa dahaarka dusha sare, buuxinta iyo warqad aan guban karin wax soo saarka waraaqaha. Aluminium hydroxide oo cad oo aad u fiican waxaa lagu gartaa caddaan sare, cabbir yar, qaybin isku mid ah, iyo qaab kiristaal toosan, iwm. Waxay beddeli kartaa budada cad ee titanium iyadoo ujeedadu tahay in aan la dhimin cadaanka warqadda iyo mugdiga, badbaadinta kharashka warqadda, hagaajinta dhalaalka warqadda, iyo hagaajinta waxqabadka daabacaadda.
(4) Loo isticmaalo sidii buuxinta daawada cadayga
Aluminium hydroxide wuxuu leeyahay astaamo is jiidjiid khafiif ah wuxuuna ka tirsan yahay walxaha dhexdhexaadka ah, buuxinta daawada cadayga oo ah wakiilka is jiidjiidku waxay si wax ku ool ah uga saari kartaa wasakhda ilkaha iyo ciridka iyada oo aan waxyeello soo gaarin. Cabbirka walxaha aluminium hydroxide ee loo isticmaalo buuxinta daawada cadayga guud ahaan waa D50 ≤7 m, iyo ku darista alkali waa inay noqotaa < 0.01%.
(5) Waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii walxo ceeriin ah oo daawo ahaan loo isticmaalo
Mid ka mid ah qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee daawada caloosha waa aluminium hydroxide, kaas oo dhexdhexaadin kara aashitada caloosha waana walxo ceeriin ah oo wanaagsan oo lagu sameeyo daawada caloosha.
(6) Sida walxaha kiimikada ceeriin ah
Maadaama aluminium hydroxide uu yahay isku-darka amphoteric, si dhakhso ah ayaa loogu milmi karaa aashito xooggan ama alkali, sidaas darteed waxay noqotay walxaha ceeriin ee cusbooyinka aluminium badan. Sida aluminium sulfate iyo alum waa wax soo saarka aluminium hydroxide si ay ula falgalaan aashitada sulfuric iyo cusbada, polyaluminium chloride waa wax soo saar aluminium hydroxide si ay ula falgalaan hydrochloric acid, aluminium fluoride waa wax soo saarka aluminium hydroxide si ay ula falgalaan iyo hydrofluoric acid, iwm., iyadoo aluminium hydroxide (ama sodium aluminate xal) ay yihiin walxo ceeriin ah, waxay soo saari kartaa 3 a, 4 a, 5 a 13 x molecular shaandho, 10 x, iyo Y nooca shaandho molecular ah.
(2) Alumina firfircoon
Waxaa jira siddeed nooc oo kristaliin ah oo alumina ah:,,,,,,, iyo. Marka la kululeeyo oo la nuugo hydroxide aluminium heerkul kala duwan, waxaa la heli karaa noocyo kala duwan oo kristal ah oo aluminium oksaydh ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii lagu dubay heerkul ka sarreeya 1200℃, noocyada kale ee kristal ee aluminium oksaydh ayaa ugu dambeyntii loo rogi doonaa -alumina. Alpha - alumina waxaa loo yaqaan heerkul sare - alumina, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan alumina aan firfircoonayn, toddobada kale ee kristal alumina waxaa loo yaqaan alumina heerkul hoose -, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan alumina firfircoon.
Sida qoyaanka alumina, habka iyo habka gaarka ah ee kala-guurka marxaladda ayaa sidoo kale aad u kala duwan sababtoo ah farqiga heerkulka dubista, waqtiga dubista iyo dhammaystirka qoyaanka. Marka aluminium hydroxide si degdeg ah loo fuuq-celiyo 400-600 ℃, sababtoo ah ka saarista biyaha, qalabka kiristaalku wuu burburaa, dusha kiristaalkuna wuu dabacsanaadaa, daloolo iyo dildilaacyo badan ayaa samaysma, taasoo keenta koror fiiqan oo ku yimaada aagga dusha sare ee gaarka ah. Alumina oo leh qaab-dhismeed godad macquul ah, mugga daloolka weyn iyo aagga dusha sare ee gaarka ah ayaa leh firfircooni sare. Kaaliyeyaasha ama side-ka kaaliyeyaasha ee uu soo saaro waxaa loo isticmaali karaa cadar, dildilaac ama isku-darka hydrocarbon, fuuq-baxa, oksaydheynta, fuuq-baxa, hydrogenation, dib-u-habeyn, desulfurization, dechloritization, defluorination iyo wixii la mid ah. Alumina-da firfircoon ayaa sidoo kale lagu rogi karaa kubbado ama lagu cadaadin karaa xariijimo ahaan sidii wakiil ka-dillaacsan oo hygroscopic ah dareerayaasha iyo gaasaska, oo loo isticmaalo qaboojinta, qalajinta kala-soocidda hawada, qalajinta dabaysha qalabka iyo nuugista xulashada ee walxaha raadadka ama wasakhowga raadadka ee hababka warshadaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay leedahay dhejis xooggan, waa walaxda ceeriin ah ee loogu talagalay soo saarista walxaha ka hortagaya dhoobada dabka.
(3) Aluminium aan firfircoonayn
Oxide aluminium ah oo aan firfircoonayn waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan oxide aluminium ah oo heerkul sare leh, hydroxide aluminium ah ama oxide aluminium ah oo kale oo crystalline ah oo laga sameeyay 1200℃ ama wax la mid ah dubashada heerkulka sare - oxide aluminium ah oo crystalline ah. Sida oksaydh bir ah, alpha - alumina waxay leedahay sifooyin jireed iyo kiimiko oo wanaagsan. Waxay leedahay isku xirnaan weyn oo dhex-dhexaad ah, isku-dhafan oo qumman, waxayna u adkeysan kartaa isbeddellada kiimikada ee kala duwan. Isla mar ahaantaana, alpha-alumina waxay sidoo kale leedahay faa'iidooyinka barta dhalaalka sare (2050℃), adkeysi sare, waxqabad dahaadh wanaagsan, xoog farsamo oo sare, iska caabin wanaagsan oo xoqid, iyo iska caabin kulaylka sare iyo xoogga saameynta iska caabbinta kulaylka, sidaa darteed si weyn ayaa loogu isticmaalaa dhinacyada soo socda:
1. diidmo
Iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay dhibicda dhalaalka sare, sifooyinka farsamada ee aadka u fiican iyo iska caabbinta daxalka heerkulka sare, alpha-alumina waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro agabyo kala duwan oo iska caabbinta ah, sida lebenka iska caabbinta mullite iyo alumina, lebenka iska caabbinta corundum iyo alaabada corundum, iyo sidoo kale qalabka aan qaab-dhismeedka lahayn ee aan qaab-dhismeedka lahayn.
2. Dhoobada aluminiumka sare
Natiijada cufnaanta mugga ee -alumina waa weyn tahay, waxay samayn kartaa jir isku dhafan oo sintered ah, waxayna xirtaa iska caabin iyo xoog farsamo oo sare, sidaa darteed waxay ku habboon tahay soo saarista dhoobada u adkeysaneysa xirashada, sida shiidida noocyo kala duwan oo kubbadda dhoobada ah, afka ciidda, burushka biyaha, iwm., laakiin sidoo kale sababtoo ah iska caabbinta kulaylka wanaagsan, xoogga saameynta kulaylka, oo ku habboon soo saarista qalabka dhoobada. Sababtoo ah waxqabadka dahaarka heerkulka sare, sodium-alumina oo hooseeya ayaa ku habboon soo saarista bareegyada dhimbiisha iyo dahaarka qalabka korontada ee heerkulka sare, guddiga hoose ee korontada ee isku dhafan ee filimka khafiifka ah, qaybaha caadiga ah iyo balaastiig kale oo dahaarka sare leh. Alpha-alumina si weyn ayaa loogu isticmaalaa soo saarista dhoobada dhismaha, dhoobada warshadaha, dhoobada korontada elektaroonigga ah, alaabta nadaafadda iyo dhoobada nool, iyo sidoo kale dhoobada habka, sida lebenka dhoobada ah ee laga sameeyay alfa-alumina, dabaqyada dhoobada, ulaha duubista dhoobada, bambooyinka dhoobada, shaandheeyayaasha dhoobada, iwm.
3. Walax xoqan (walax u adkaysta xoqidda)
Sababtoo ah adkaanteeda sare, alpha - alumina waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii walxo shiidid, walxo shiidid iyo walxo adkaysta. Haddii loo isticmaali karo sida birta, birta aan birta ahayn, balaastikada, alwaax ama faybar alwaax ah iyo dhammaan noocyada dhagaxa (oo ay ku jiraan jadeecada) shiidid iyo nadiifin, waxay samayn kartaa giraangiraha shiididda, qalabka leexashada iyo qalabka kale ee jarista, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa lakabka isku dhafan ee dusha sare ee alwaaxa iyo qalabka qaarkood ama alaabada birta ah ee dusha sare ee la xidho.
(4) Nadiifin sare oo alumini ah oo aad u fiican
Oxyde-ka aluminiumka ee ultrafine-ka ah ee saafiga ah waxaa loola jeedaa waxa ku jira AL2O3 > 99.99%, granularity < 1 mum saafinimo sare oo ah budada alumina ee superfine, waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sintering alumina oo hufan, side fluorescent, nalka sodium ee cadaadiska sare leh, qalabka jireed iyo kiimikada ee heerka sare ah, lafta macmalka ah, substrate-ka semiconductor-ka (C), qalabka buuxinta cajaladda duubista, dhexdhexaadka shaandhada sare, walxaha xoqidda heerka sare ah, dhoobada gaarka ah, qalabka jarista, nadiifinta saafiga ah ee sare, hareeraha dhidibka, bartilmaameedka bamgareynta, tuubada foornada, qalabka baakadaha, walxaha kiristaalka keli ah, dhagaxyada macmalka ah, iwm.; Waxay hagaajin kartaa isku-dhafka, dhammaystirka, daalka qabowga iyo kulul, adkaanta jabka iyo iska caabbinta gurguurta ee dhoobada. Waxay hagaajin kartaa iska caabbinta xirashada alaabada molecular, oo loo isticmaalo balaastikada, xoojinta caagga iyo adkaynta, buuxinta dahaarka u adkaysta, heerkulka sare u adkaysta iyo buuxinta qurxinta ee horumarsan; Isla mar ahaantaana, waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa sidii side side iyo side kiciye warshadaha batroolka iyo bacriminta, tignoolajiyada laser-ka sida walxo ceeriin ah oo loogu talagalay galaaska neodymium ee laser-ka iyo walxaha laser-ka ruby, sida agabka dahaarka sare ee warshadaha korontada, hawada sare warshadaha, sida daaweynta dusha sare ee diyaaradaha hawada sare, gantaalada iyo dayax-gacmeedyada macmalka ah, iwm. Iyadoo horumarka bulshada iyo horumarinta sayniska iyo tignoolajiyada, goobta codsiga ee daahirnimada sare iyo alumina aadka u fiican ayaa sidoo kale sii ballaaranaysa, rajada suuquna aad bay u rajo badan tahay.
(5) Corundum
Kiristaalka alumina ee nooca dabiiciga ah ku jira waxaa la yiraahdaa corundum, kaas oo inta badan leh midabyo kala duwan sababtoo ah wasakh kala duwan. Waxay leedahay dhalaal galaas ama dheeman ah, oo leh cufnaan dhan 3.9-4.1g /cm3 iyo adkaansho dhan 8.8. Corundum dabiici ah waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan dhagax qaali ah. Kuwa leh xaddi yar oo chromium oxide ah oo ku jira kiristaalka waa ruby, kuwa leh xaddi yar oo bir ah iyo wasakh titanium ah waa safayr, kuwa leh xaddi yar oo bir ah iyo wasakh kobalt ah waa emerald.
Wax soo saarka corundum-ka dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah aad buu u yar yahay, waxaana inta badan loo isticmaalaa qurxinta. Corundum-ka loo isticmaalo agabka ceeriin ee warshadaha waxaa lagu sameeyaa si macmal ah. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo corundum macmal ah: corundum la shiiday iyo corundum sintered. Waxaa inta badan jira noocyada soo socda:
1. Corundum la isku daray
Alumina isku dhafan waxay inta badan ka kooban tahay alumina cad oo isku dhafan iyo alumina bunni ah oo isku dhafan.
Corundum cad oo la isku daray waxaa laga sameeyay alumina warshadeed waxaana lagu dhalaaliyaa foorno qaanso ah heerkul sare oo ka sarreeya 2000℃. Waxay leedahay astaamo ay ka mid yihiin caddaan sare, daahirnimo sare, adkeysi sare, is-fiiqnaan aad u fiican, xoog shiidid xooggan, kulayl hooseeya, iska caabin daxaleed, iska caabin heerkul sare, xasillooni kuleyl oo wanaagsan iyo wixii la mid ah. Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sameynta agab shiidid iyo nadiifin heer sare ah, qalab shiidid oo laga sameeyay, shiidid bir kaarboon sare iyo bir aan miridh lahayn; Waxaa sidoo kale si weyn loogu isticmaalaa soo saarista caaryada shubka ee heerka sare ah iyo kuwa saxda ah, oo loo isticmaalo in lagu sameeyo dhoobo gaar ah iyo agab militari, elektaroonik ah iyo kuwo kale oo tignoolajiyada sare leh; Corundum oo laga soo saaray alumina ultrafine saafi ah ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa dhagaxyo macmal ah.
Corundum bunni ah, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan emery, waxaa laga sameeyaa bauxite, anthracite iyo bir duug ah iyadoo lagu dhalaaliyo heerkul sare oo ka sarreeya 2000℃ foornada korontada ku shaqeysa. Midabkeedu waa bunni.
Korundum-ka buniga ah waxaa lagu gartaa adkaansho dhexdhexaad ah, cufnaan sare oo tuulmo ah, kiristaalayn wanaagsan, isku-darka ballaarinta toosan oo hooseeya, adkeysi wanaagsan iyo iska caabin daxalka, iwm. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa walxaha ciidda lagu buufiyo, xoqidda, buuxinta, warbaahinta sifeynta, agabka jarista, dib-u-habaynta, xoqidda iyo dhoobada.
2. Corundum la shiiday
Corundum-ka sintered-ka ah oo ku salaysan warshado ama nadiifnimo sare oo alumina bauxite ah oo ah walxo cayriin ah, oo laga sameeyay kubad shiidid wanaagsan ama jirka, heerkulka sare ee 1750-1900 ℃, waxayna leedahay sir weyn, dalool hoose, hadhuudh leh xoog sare, iska caabin shoogga kulaylka oo aad u fiican heerkulka sare iyo iska caabinta nabaad-guurka, si ballaaran ayaa loogu isticmaalaa sameynta xoqid iyo xoqid.
3. Corundum-ka shaxda
Saxanka corundum waa nooc ka mid ah budada aluminium oksaydh oo leh nadiifnimo sare, kaas oo marka hore la shiido, la xoqo oo la qalajiyo oo lagu kariyo heerkulka sare ee 1850-1950℃. Waxa uu ka samaysan yahay saxan si fiican loo horumariyey iyo qaab-dhismeed kiristaal ah oo leh cabbir weyn oo badar ah. Waa walax ku habboon oo ka hortagta wasakhda oo leh daahirnimo sare, xasillooni mug leh, yaraansho yar ka dib dib u shidista iyo iska caabin xoog leh oo shoogga kulaylka ah. Saxanka corundum waxaa inta badan lagu soo saaraa sintering, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa lagu soo saaraa dhalaal koronto.
6) Cusbo aluminium ah
Cusbooyinka aluminiumka waxaa loola jeedaa isku-dhafka aluminiumka. Kaliya dhowr cusbo aluminium ah oo si caadi ah loo isticmaalo ayaa halkan lagu sharraxay.
1. Sulfate-ka Aluminiumka
Aluminium sulfate wuxuu leeyahay aluminium sulfate iyo polyaluminum sulfate, aluminium ammonium sulfate (ammonium alum), aluminium sulfate potassium (alum ama potassium alum), guud ahaan leh sulfuric acid iyo aluminium hydroxide ama bauxite, kaolin, dambas duulis ah iyo wax soo saarka kale ee macdanta aluminium. Aluminium sulfate waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sida reagent warshadeed, flocculant, wakiilka daaweynta biyaha, sameynta warqadaha, iwm., waxaana sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa soo saarista alaabada kale ee kiimikada ah ee aluminiumka ku jira. Polyaluminum sulfate waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa daaweynta biyaha dusha sare; Alum waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii wakiil khamiirin, wakiil dhexdhexaadin ah iyo biyo-soo-saar cunto. Alum waxaa loo isticmaalaa daawada dhaqanka Shiinaha iyo budada dubista. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa sameynta warqadda, rinjiyeynta iyo sidii wakiil biyo-celin ah.
2. Koloriin Aluminium ah
Aluminium chloride iyo polyaluminum chloride (aluminium sol) ayaa loo isticmaalaa carbonate-ka aluminiumka, kaas oo guud ahaan lagu diyaariyo falgalka aashitada hydrochloric oo leh aluminium bir ah, aluminium hydroxide ama macdanaha ka kooban aluminiumka. Aluminium chloride iyo polyaluminum chloride waa nooc ka mid ah nadiifiyaha biyaha oo leh qiimo jaban iyo saameyn wanaagsan, waxaana sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa cabbiraadda warqadda, sifeynta sonkorta, qaabaynta tuurista, maro ka hortagga laalaabashada, side kiciyaha, xidhaha, sifeynta daawada, dejinta sibidhka, walxaha ceeriin ee qurxinta, iwm.
3.Florida Aluminium iyo Sodium Fluoride
Fluoride-ka aluminiumka iyo sodium fluoaluminate waa laba cusbo oo fluoride ah oo ugu muhiimsan. Fluoride-ka aluminiumka waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sidii wakiil hagaajin ah oo ku jira qalabka sifeynta aluminiumka elektaroonigga ah. Waa budo cad oo leh crystallization u eg irbad. Habka wax soo saarka ee fluoride-ka aluminiumka wuxuu leeyahay hab qoyan iyo hab qalalan. Iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha ilaalinta deegaanka, habka qoyan ayaa asal ahaan la baabi'iyaa habka qalalanna si weyn ayaa loogu isticmaalaa wax soo saarka. Socodka habka wax soo saarka qalalan ee aluminium fluoride waxaa ka mid ah habka sariirta dareeraha ah ee wareegaya ee Shirkadda Luqi ee Jarmalka, habka sariirta dareeraha badan ee shirkadda Booth ee Switzerland iyo habka HF ee ALF3 ee foornooyinka kulaylka gudaha iyo dibadda ee shirkadda Pincnair ee Faransiiska. Habka qalalan waa in la soo saaro calcium sulfate (gypsum) iyo gaaska HF iyadoo la adeegsanayo falgalka fluorite iyo sulfuric acid, ka dibna la soo saaro aluminium fluoride iyadoo la adeegsanayo falgalka gaaska HF iyo aluminium hydroxide ka dib fuuqbaxa. Marka bacriminta fosfate-ka ay soo saarto wax soo saarka fluorosilicic acid ee aluminium fluoride, habka habka qoyan ee shirkadda Austrian Linz, marka hore waxay buuxisaa shuruudaha xalka fluorosilicic acid kahor kululaynta, ka dibna haanta la walaaqay oo leh aluminium hydroxide (ama bauxite slurry) falcelin heerkul gaar ah, aluminium fluoride iyo silica (da'); Sidoo kale marka hore waxay isticmaali kartaa biyaha ammonia iyo falgalka fluorosilicic acid, sameynta ammonium fluoride iyo silica gel (da'), ka dibna xalka ammonium fluoride iyo aluminium hydroxide heerkulka iyo cadaadiska qaarkood, sameynta fluoride aluminium ah.
Sodium fluoroaluminate (sidoo kale loo yaqaan cryolite) waa fluoride isku dhafan, badanaa walxo crystalline cad oo cawlan ama budo ah, oo inta badan loo isticmaalo aluminium elektaroonik ahaan sida dareeraha. Habka wax soo saarka ee sodium fluoroaluminate wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay habka soodhaha fluoroaluminate, kaas oo marka hore la falgala hydrofluoric acid iyo aluminium hydroxide si loo soo saaro fluoroaluminate, ka dibna la falgala soodhaha si loo sameeyo sodium fluoroaluminate (cryolite).
4. Cusbo kale oo aluminium ah
Aluminium nitrate waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii kicinta isku-darka dabiiciga ah, oo ka dhalata warshadaha daabacaadda iyo rinjiyeynta, wakiilka dhammaystirka maqaarka, iwm., oo badanaa laga sameeyo falcelinta aluminium ama aluminium hydroxide oo leh nitric acid.
Fosfate-ka aluminiumka waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii sunta cayayaanka disha. Guud ahaan waxaa lagu diyaariyaa iyadoo la gubo budada isku dhafan ee aluminiumka iyo fosfate-ka cas.
Fiilooyinka molecular-ka ee taxanaha fosfate-ka aluminiumku waxay leeyihiin awood is-weydaarsi oo sare oo ion ah iyo firfircooni katalytic ah waxaana lagu diyaariyey falgalka aluminium hydroxide iyo fosfate-acid.
Aluminium dihydrogen tripolyphosphate waxaa loo isticmaali karaa midab ka hortagga daxalka, nuugista (ka-difaaca), ethylene ilaa kataliyayaasha ethanol, guud ahaan laga bilaabo falgalka aluminiumka birta ama aluminium hydroxide oo leh fosforic acid.
Silicate aluminium ah oo aad u fiican waa budo cad oo aan qaab lahayn oo leh ganaax aad u fiican iyo muuqaal cad oo saafi ah. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa dahaarka, maqaarka, daabacaadda iyo rinjiyeynta, khad daabacaadda, sameynta warqadda, balaastikada, cinjirka iyo dhinacyo kale iyadoo lagu darayo midabyo kale (budada cad ee titanium). Silicate aluminium ah oo crystalline ah ayaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii kiciye fuuq-baxa marxaladda gaaska methanol si loo soo saaro dimethyl ether. Silicate aluminium ah oo caadi ah ayaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii walxo dahaar ah. Silicate aluminium ah guud ahaan waxaa lagu diyaariyaa falcelinta galaaska biyaha oo leh aluminium sulfate.
Crystal-ka aluminiumka borate waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii balaastig, bir, walxo xoojin ah oo dhoobo ah, guud ahaan iyadoo la isku darayo aluminium oksaydh iyo boron ama boron oksaydh, ka dib marka la sameeyo dhalaalid heerkul sare, waxay sidoo kale noqon kartaa uumiga biyaha oo gala xaaladda gaaska ee aluminium fluoride iyo boron oksaydh, oo laga sameeyay aluminium borate crystal.
(vii) noocyo kale oo badan oo alumina ah iyo alaabada fidinta ee la xiriira
Noocyada kale ee alumina wali waxay leeyihiin aluminium kaarboonaysan, fiilada oxide aluminium, filimka oxide aluminium, budada SB, marka lagu daro aluminiumka gallium alloy shot, trimethyl-aluminium iyo aluminium kale oo dabiici ah ayaa sidoo kale ah badeecada leh macluumaad farsamo oo sareeya. Faybarka Alumina wuxuu ka kooban yahay -Al2O3 hal fiber crystal fiber, -Al2O3 fiber dheer, -Al2O3 fiber gaagaaban, kaas oo inta badan loo isticmaalo sida birta, balaastikada, caagga, qalabka xoojinta dhoobada, walxaha dahaarka ee ka soo horjeeda iyo walxaha ka soo horjeeda ee loogu talagalay jihada gantaalka, emulsion-ka saliidda-biyaha, isku darka saliidda-biyaha iyo kala soocida dareeraha iyo shaandhaynta, waxaana sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa sida qaadaha kicinta isbeddelka hydrocarbon. Budada SB waa walaxda ceeriin ee ka soo saarta hydrogenation iyo kiciyeyaasha kale ee heerka sare ah. Alumina iyo hydrogen waxaa lagu sameeyaa falcelin xooggan oo ka mid ah walxaha aluminium-gallium ee biyaha, taas oo ah habka wax soo saarka hydrogen ee ku habboon baabuurta hydrogen-ka ee mustaqbalka. Alumina Trimethyl waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida kaaliyayaasha olefin polymerization, shidaalka gantaalka iyo walxaha ceeriin si loo sameeyo trimethyl gallium.
Macdanta bauxite waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo saaro agab aan la karin, flocculants daaweynta biyaha, qalabka jabka ee saliidda, corundum bunni ah iyo sibidhka alumina ee sare, budada aluminate ee calcium ama sibidhka aluminate ee calcium, iwm., iyo aluminium-silicon daawaha waxaa sidoo kale lagu soo saari karaa habka kuleylinta korontada.
Dhoobada cas ee ay soo saarto alumina waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii desulfurizer iyo wakiilka hagaajinta ciidda ee warshadaha korontada ee dhuxusha lagu shido. Ka dib marka laga saaro sodium-ka, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo saaro sibidhka, agabka derbiga, ceramsite, iwm. Dhoobada cas waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo saaro budada birta, scandium-ka naadirka ah, bismuth iyo biraha kale ee qaaliga ah.
Waxsoosaarka dhexdhexaadka ah ee aluminium oksaydh, sodium aluminate dareere ah iyo sodium aluminate adag (clinker sintered), waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii xawaare-sameeye shub ah ama loo isticmaali karo soo saarista xawaaraha; Gallium, vanadium iyo biraha kale ee qaaliga ah waa la soo celin karaa oo laga soo saari karaa khamriga hooyada dhexdhexaadka ah ee ay soo saarto alumina.
Waqtiga boostada: Sebtembar-15-2020