Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa kugadzira magirazi zvinonzi zvinhu zvegirazi. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinoshandiswa zvinoreva zvinhu zvinounza maokisi akasiyana-siyana mugirazi kuti zvigadzire muviri mukuru wechimiro chegirazi, izvo zvinosarudza hunhu hwepakutanga hwegirazi uye hwemakemikari. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinoshandiswa ijecha re quartz, feldspar, limestone, dolomite, soda ash nezvimwewo. Izvi zvinowanzo pihwa muupfu pari zvino. (1) zvinhu zve silica zvinhu zvikuru zvinoshandiswa silica ijecha re silica (rinozivikanwawo sejecha re quartz), iro rinogona kukamurwa kuita jecha re silica rechisikigo uye jecha re silica rakagadziriswa zvichienderana nemamiriro aro aripo. Nekuda kwekuoma kwemaitiro ekuumbwa kwaro, kuumbwa kwemakemikari ejecha re silica rechisikigo kunowanzo chinja-chinja zvakanyanya, asi kugoverwa kwehukuru hwaro hwezvikamu zvakafanana. Kune mhando yejecha re silica rechisikigo, kutarisirwa kunofanirwa kupihwa kudzora kuumbwa kwemakemikari, kushanduka kwechimiro uye mineral inorema. Kuumbwa kwemakemikari kunonyanya kudzora huwandu hweFez 03, uye kunoongororwa uye kunoshandiswa zvichienderana nehunhu hwayo. Kuongororwa kwemhando yejecha resilica kwakanyorwa mutafura 2-16.2) kugadziriswa kwejecha resilica kugadzirwa kwejecha resilica idombo requartz kana jecha rematombo asina kugadzirwa nemaitiro akati wandei ekugadzirisa nekugadzira zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa zvesiliceous. Nekuti kuchena kwejecha requartzite kana jecha kunowanzo kuve kwakakwira, huwandu hwekusachena hushoma uye hwakagadzikana, huwandu hwejecha resilica rinogadzirwa nekugadzirwa hwakakwira uye hwakagadzikana. Zvisinei, kubva kujecha requartzite kana jecha rematombo kusvika kujecha resilica riripo rine saizi yakati, zvakaoma kudzora saizi yezviyo, saka mutengo wakakwira. Jecha resilica rinowanzo gadziriswa nenzira yakanyorova, ine huwandu hwakati hwehunyoro. Jecha resilica ndiro chinhu chakanyanya kuoma kunyungudutsa. Hukuru hwezvikamu, kugoverwa kwehukuru hwezvikamu uye chimiro chezvikamu zvine mhedzisiro yakakosha pakusanganiswa, kunyunguduka uye homogenization ye composite. Kudzikira kwehukuru hwezvikamu kunobatsira mukunyunguduka kwegirazi, asi kana girazi rakapetwa zviri nani. Upfu hwejecha resilica huchavapo nekuda kweboka, granular gap iripo muhuwandu hwakawanda hwemabhuru madiki hunokonzerwa nekunyunguduka. Kuoma, panguva imwe chetewo kuvapo kweupfu hwejecha resilica kunogona kuva nguva isati yakwana uye boka rezvinhu zvakaita sesodium, calcium, magnesium mukuita kuti pave nehuwandu hwekunyunguduka, viscosity, nyore kukonzera furnace layer mu hierarchy, zvichikonzera zvimwe zvinhu zvisina kunaka mu batch. Chimiro chejecha chiri nani nechimiro che angular, nekuti chimiro che angular chenzvimbo yepamusoro chakakura, uye mikana yekubatana kweflux, mukuita kwekusanganisa, kutakurwa hakusi nyore kuisa jira. Jecha resilica rinofanira kuongororwa uye kugamuchirwa munzvimbo yekuchera. Hunyoro hwejecha resilica hunofanira kudzorwa pasi pe8% kana ore yagadzirwa, uye pasi pe5% kana jecha raiswa muworkshop. Kukosha kwekushanduka kwehunyoro i0.4%. Tafura 2-17 inoratidza zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro yezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nesilika. (2) huwandu hweA12 03 mugirazi remabhodhoro akajairika hunowanzova 2.0% ~ 5.0%. Mabhodhoro egirazi machena eA12 03 anonyanya kuumbwa nealumina nealuminium hydroxide kuti abate, asi anoderedza hunhu hwegirazi remubhodhoro negirazi remavara, anogonawo kusarudza kushandisa sodium feldspar, potassium feldspar, kana calcium feldspar kuti atore mukushandisa feldspar inoshamisa A120 3 panguva imwe chete, zvikamu zvefeldspar Naz O kana K2 0 zvinogona kutsiva chikamu chesoda ash, zvinobatsira kugadziridza girazi. Zvisinei, huwandu hwesimbi mufeldspar hwakanyanya hwakakwira, Fe2 03 isingasviki 0.1% yezvishoma, saka inogona kushandiswa chete kubhodhoro rakajairika negirazi remabhodhoro, uye haigone kushandiswa kubhodhoro repamusoro negirazi remabhodhoro. Feldspar zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwayo kwakasiyana kwemakemikari inogona kukamurwa kuita mana. mhando dze potassium feldspar, sodium feldspar, calcium feldspar, barium feldspar. Muzvisikwa, kune mashoma madhipoziti ega ega e feldspars ina, mazhinji acho akasanganiswa nezvimwe zvicherwa zvakasiyana. Tafura 2-18 inoratidza zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro yezvinhu zve feldspar. (3) Na20, chinhu chisina kuchekwa che sodium oxide, imhando yakanaka yegirazi. Saka, huwandu hweNa20 mumakemikoro emabhodhoro egirazi nemakani hwakabatana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunyunguduka kwegirazi, ayo ari pakati pe14% ~ 16% parizvino. Na2 0 mugirazi rebhodhoro rinonyanya kuunzwa nesoda ash. Soda ash imhando yezvinhu zvisina kuchekwa zvemakemikari, chikamu chayo chikuru iNaz C03. Soda ash yakakamurwa kuita crystal soda (Na2 C03 · 10H20) uye calcined soda (Naz C03). Madota esoda akawanda anoshandiswa muindasitiri yegirazi i calcium soda isina mvura yekristaro inogadzirwa nenzira yeammonia alkali. Calcined soda ash ihupfu huchena, hunonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura, huri nyore kunyudza mvura mumhepo uye hunyoro, hunobikwa, hunofanirwa kuchengetwa mudura rakaoma. Soda ash ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa mutengo wegirazi. Alkali inorema inofanira kusarudzwa pagirazi rebhodhoro. Kana ichienzaniswa nealkali yakareruka, alkali inorema ine kugadzikana kwakanaka, hygroscopicity, haina kubhururuka zvakanyanya uye ine layering, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza kufanana uye kumhanya kwekunyunguduka kwemusanganiswa. Asi zvimedu zvesoda ash zvakakora hazvigone kushanda zvakanaka nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoramba zviri muchinhu ichi zvakaenzana zvinobatsira fusion effect, zvinoguma nekusaenzana nemusanganiswa wechinhu pachacho, zvinokanganisa kunaka kwekunyunguduka kwegirazi uye kujekesa, saka, saizi yezvikamu yakakodzera ye0.22 ~ 0.42 mm. Nzvimbo yemasoda ash kwenguva yakareba, inowanzova nemvura 5% ~ 8%, painoshandiswa inofanira kusarudzwa nenguva. Kupisa kwemasoda ash panguva yekunyunguduka kwegirazi ndeye 0.5% ~ 3.2%. Calcined soda ash inowanzova neNacl shoma, nekuti Cl inoshanda zvikuru, kupwanyika kwe refractory kwakakomba zvikuru. Huwandu hwemasoda ash hwakakura, uye kuunganidzwa kweCl mumushonga wegirazi kwave kukwezva kutarisisa kweindasitiri munguva pfupi yapfuura. (4) basa repotassium oxide (K20) mugirazi rakafanana nereNa20. Mukugadzirwa kwegirazi remabhodhoro neremagaba, huwandu hushoma hweK20 hunoshandiswa kutsiva chikamu chidiki cheNa20, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera refractive index yegirazi uye kuvandudza gloss uye transmittance yezvigadzirwa. Kugadzikana kwemakemikari emaalkali oxide maviri mugirazi kuri nani pane kwealkali oxide imwe chete. Muhuwandu hwemaviri, pane poindi yakanaka, chiitiko ichi. Musanganiswa webase effect. Mhedzisiro yeK2 0 pa thermal expansion coefficient yegirazi yakakura kupfuura yeNa20. Saka, pakutsiva chikamu cheNa20 neK20, pesvedzero pa thermal expansion coefficient yegirazi inofanira kufungwa nezvayo. K20 mugirazi rebhodhoro inowanzo shandiswa ne calcining potassium carbonate. Kana potassium carbonate ikanyungudutswa mugirazi, kurasikirwa kweK20 kunenge 12% yehuremu hwayo. Zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro yepotassium carbonate ndeizvi: K2 C03 isingasviki 96%, na2040.2%, KCI+K2 S04 43.5%, mvura isinganyunguduke < 0.3%, mvura -3%. Mutengo wepotash wakakwira kupfuura soda ash, nekuti izvi, kunze kwebhodhoro uye girazi remagaba rine zvinodiwa zvakakosha, magaba mazhinji uye girazi remagaba harishandise potash kudhonza potassium oxide zvakananga, rinotora potassium oxide nefeldspar panzvimbo paro. (5) Kuiswa kwecalcium oxide raw material calcium oxide (Ca0) mugirazi ndiro basa guru re stabilizer, ndiko kuti, kuwedzera kugadzikana kwemakemikari uye simba remuchina wegirazi, asi kana zvirimo zvakawandisa, zvinogona kuita kuti girazi riwedzere, uye zviri nyore kuita kuti girazi rive brittle. Zvirimo zveCao mugirazi remagaba zvakajairika i7% ~ 11%, kazhinji hazvipfuure 12.5%.Cao mukupisa kwakanyanya inogona kuderedza viscosity yegirazi, kukurudzira kunyunguduka uye Kujekeswa kwegirazi asi kana tembiricha yadzikira, viscosity inowedzera nekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti kuumbwa kuve kwakaoma, saka, kuti Cao yakawanda sei mugirazi, pamusoro pekufunga nezve pesvedzero yeCao pahunhu hwegirazi, inofanirawo kufunga nezve nzira yekuumba girazi nezvimwe zvinhu. Girazi rine chimiro chakakwirira cheCao rinofanira kukurumidza kupinda muchoto che annealing, kana kuti chigadzirwa chacho chiri nyore kuputika. Pakunyungudutsa girazi re sodium-calcium, zviri nani kusvika 21 neNa0Ca0. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinoshandiswa mugirazi rejari i limestone, calcite nechoko. Limestone ine Fez 03 40.015% inoshandiswa mukugadzira midziyo nezvinhu zvichena. Limestone ine Fez 03 isingasviki 0.04% inoshandiswa mukugadzira girazi rine mavara. Mvura iri mu limestone inofanira kudzorwa isingasviki 1%. Kana kuumbwa kwegirazi kuchida kuti iron oxide ive yakasimba, inogona kutsiviwa ne calcite, iyo yakachena kupfuura limestone, asi inodhura zvakanyanya. (6) huwandu hwe magnesium oxide (Mgo) mumakemikari ari mumabhodhoro egirazi nemakani kazhinji isingasviki 2%. Kana uchishandisa chikamu cheMgo kutsiva chikamu cheCao, inogona kuwedzera viscosity kana vitreous liquid iri kupisa zvakanyanya, inogona kuita kuti vitreous harderous speed inonoka, zvichiita kuti ive yakareba, inovandudza chimiro che vitreous uye ideredze maitiro ayo e crystallization, calcium, magnesium uye 2 valence alkaline earth metal oxide inogona kuvandudza kugadzikana kwemakemikari e vitreous, kudzivirira chigadzirwa kuwira munzvimbo ine hunyoro kwenguva yakareba. Mildew. Phenomenon. Kazhinji, huwandu hwekutsiva hunofanira kudzorwa pasi pe3%, nepo huwandu hwekutsiva huri pamusoro pe3%, izvo zvinokanganisa kunyunguduka kwegirazi. Zvaimbofungidzirwa kuti dolomite ne limestone zvezvidimbu zvidiki zvinonyunguduka, asi nekuwedzera kwekutsvaga pamusoro pemaitiro e Magirazi emhando yepamusoro, anowanikwa achisanganiswa nezvidimbu zvedolomite zvakatenderedza zvidimbu zvikuru zvesilica, zvichidzivirira jecha kuti risabatanidzwe mukuita, nepo zvidimbu zvelimestone zvakakora pakutanga kwekuita kwesilica zvisina kunyoroveswa nechikamu chekutanga, mvura yekutanga inogona kupinda zvakanaka pakati pemaburi makuru edolomite, limestone, jecha resilica kuti rinyoroveswe zvakakomberedzwa, zvichiwedzera mwero wekuita kwesilica. Zvisinei, padanho rekupedzisira, magasi anoburitswa nekuputsika nekunyunguduka kwawo nekukurumidza anobatsira pakujekeswa uye kusanganiswa kwegirazi remvura. Zvinowanikwa kuti kana zvidimbu zvezviviri izvi zvikawedzera kusvika pa2.5mm, hunhu hwekunyunguduka nekujekesa kwegirazi hunovandudzika zvakanyanya, uye kana saizi yezvidimbu ichipfuura 3mm, hunhu hwekunyunguduka nekujekesa kwegirazi hunodzikira zvakanyanya. Nokudaro, muganho wepamusoro wezvidimbu zvedolomite nelimestone unofanirwa kudzorwa mukati meimwe nzvimbo. Parizvino, kushandiswa kwedolomite yakakura yezviyo, limestone itsika. Mukugadzirwa chaiko, pakuverenga fomura yegirazi, dolomite inoshandiswa kuisa Mgo, uye chikamu chisina kukwana cheCao chinowedzerwa ne limestone kana calcite. Kana girazi risina Cao, dolomite haigone kushandiswa kukwezva Mgo mugirazi, inofanira kusarudza magnesium carbonate kuti ikwezve Mg0. Zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvedolomite zvinosanganisira Mg0≥20%, Cao <32%, Fe2O3 <0.15%.(7) kuiswa kwebarium oxide mbishi zvinhu barium oxide (Bao) segirazi uye Cao neMgo zvakafanana, asi girazi rine barium neCao rine girazi, kupenya kwakanaka, dense 'degree yakakura, kazhinji mubhodhoro remavara regirazi rine 0.5% ~ 1% Bao kuitira kuvandudza kupenya kwegirazi. Bao inogona kukurumidzisa kunyunguduka, kujekesa uye kudzivirira crystallization yegirazi, asi kana dosage yacho yakanyanya, nekuda kwekuitika kwe2Ba0 1002 2Ba02 reaction, kujekesa kwegirazi kwakaoma, uye zvinhu zvinopfungaira uye zvinoramba zvine kukanganiswa kukuru. Natural barium sulfate (BaS04) inozivikanwa sebarite, BaS04 ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekuchinja, uye kusvibiswa kwayo kwakakurawo, inoshandiswa chete kune mhando yegirazi. Industrial BaS04 haina kukwira. Inonyanya kushandiswa mugirazi refluorine opacities uye girazi rejade rekutevedzera mugirazi rebhodhoro, zvichiita kuti girazi ribudise opacities dzisina kusimba. Asi zvinoitika kana ukashandisa yakawanda. Girazi remvura., kuzvinhu zvinodzivirira, zvinopisa, kuumba uye mhando yechigadzirwa kuunza mhedzisiro yakaipa. Kugadzirwa kwebhodhoro negirazi remagaba, Bao inowanzo shandiswa neindasitiri ye barium carbonate. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinhu zvakabikwa zvine barium zvine chepfu yakati, mukushanda kwekubatanidza kunofanira kutariswa nekudzivirira. Zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro zveindasitiri ye barium carbonate ndeizvi: Bac03 97%, Fe2 03 40.1% uye acid isinganyunguduke 3%.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-14-2020