Chemical alumina yakasiyana-siyana, zvichienderana ne standard yeindasitiri yesimbi isina ferrous YS/ ton 619-2007 "chemical alumina type and brand name", zvichienderana ne chemical structure ye chemical alumina yakakamurwa muzvikamu zvishanu: aluminium hydroxide series, special aluminium oxide series, quasi thin alumina series, zeolite series uye calcium aluminate cement series.
Iye zvino, polyaluminium chloride, sodium silicate, fluoride munyu nedzimwe aluminium salts, sodium aluminate, gallium uye gallium compounds, chikamu chealumina ceramics uye corundum refractories zvinosanganisirwawo muchikamu chemakemikari alumina.
Muna 1910, Alcoa yakagadzira nekutengesa boka rekutanga re calcium alumina pasi rose, iro raive rakagadzirwa kugadzira ma corundum abrasives machena.
Kemikari alumina inoratidzwa nezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kukosha kwakanyanya, zvemhando yepamusoro, minda yakakura uye iri kuwedzera yekushandiswa, mutengo wakadzikama, zvakatipoteredza zvine hushamwari, saka, yave bazi rakakosha kwazvo reindasitiri yearuminiyamu.
Nyika zhinji pasi rose dzakaisa mari yakawanda mukusimudzira indasitiri yealumina yemakemikari. Alcoa yaimbova mugadziri mukuru wealumina yemakemikari pasi rose, ine mabhizinesi makumi maviri nemana ekugadzira, achifukidza nyika dzese huru nenzvimbo pasi rose, achigadzira mhando dzinopfuura 220 uye anopfuura 1000k matani /a. Zvadaro muna 2007 ndiro yemakemikari ealumina yakaendeswa kukambani yeNetherlands anmai.
Japan ndiyo nyika ine simba guru pakugadzira alumina yemakemikari pasi rose, kushandiswa kwayo, inoburitsa zvinhu zvinosvika 1000 k, matani 2012, uye yakaramba ichikwira zvishoma nezvishoma, mhando dzakasiyana-siyana ndidzo dzakanyanya kukwira pasi rose, Japan haigadzi alumina yemhando yesimbi, asi yakaona kukura kwekugadzirwa kwealumina yemakemikari, seriation, sainzi netekinoroji yepamusoro, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuyera mutengo, chigadzirwa kunze kwekunge chichigutsa zvinodiwa nepamba, kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwakasvika 25%. Zvinopfuura 85% zvekugadzirwa kwealumina yemakemikari muJapan zvinogadzirwa neindasitiri yemakemikari yesumitomo, showa denko nesimbi dzechiedza dzeJapan.
Kuma1940, United States, Japan neEurope pakutsvakurudza kwemakemikari ealumina pamwero mukuru, kusvika kuma1970, mune dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira mumaindasitiri munyika dzekunze kwave kuri budiriro huru.
Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwesangano reInternational Aluminum Industry Association, muna 1975, huwandu hwese hwealumina munyika dzekumadokero hwaisvika matani 20344k, kugadzirwa kwealumina yemakemikari kwaisvika matani 1699k, zvichireva 8.3% yehuwandu hwese hwezvinhu; Muna 2000, huwandu hwese hwealumina yepasi rose hwaisvika matani 51200k, nepo huwandu hwealumina yemakemikari hwaisvika matani 4800k, zvichireva 9.4% yehuwandu hwezvinhu. Muna 2008, huwandu hwepasi rose hwealumina yesimbi hwakaisvika matani 60496k uye makemikari alumina hwaisvika matani 4638k, zvichireva 7.12% yehuwandu hwezvinhu. Muna 2012, huwandu hwese hwealumina pasi rose hwaisvika matani 95,705k, uye huwandu hwealumina yemakemikari hwaisvika matani 85,80k, zvichireva 9% yehuwandu hwezvinhu. Kubva 2008 kusvika 2012, avhareji yegore negore Mwero wekukura kwealumina yemakemikari yepasi rose waive 16.6%, anenge mapoinzi gumi nerimwe kubva muzana kupfuura mwero wekukura kwegore negore wealuminum yekutanga.
Indasitiri yealumina yemakemikari muChina yakatanga kunonoka. Munenge muna 1961, kuitira kugadzirisa kushomeka kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa muindasitiri yezvemagetsi, shandong aluminum plant (yava kuzivikanwa seshandong aluminum industry co., LTD.) yakatanga kugadzira alumina ine sodium shoma uye yakatanga kutsvaga, kugadzira uye kugadzira makemikari ealumina muChina.
Muma1970, kuitira kugutsa mafuta, makemikari, zvinhu zvinodzivirira zvakatipoteredza, zvinhu zvinodzivirira zvakatipoteredza, zvinhu zvemuchadenga nezvimwe zvinhu, makambani ekugadzira zvinhu akadai seAlumina, Shandong Aluminum Plant, Zhengzhou Light Metal Research Institute akagadzira uye akagadzira activated alumina, Alumina Arsenic Fluoride Removal agent, Low Iron Aluminum Hydroxide, High Purity Alumina, Alpha Al2O3, Spraying neAlumina nezvimwe zvinhu zvitsva zvinosvika makumi maviri nemana.
Mumakore ekuma1980, kugadzirwa kwealumina yemakemikari muChina kwakapinda munguva yekukura nekukurumidza, uye zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvakaramba zvichibuda. Vachimiririrwa neZhengzhou Light Metal Research Institute, Shandong Aluminum Industry Co., Ltd. uye China Great Wall Aluminum Industry Co., Ltd., mitsara yekugadzira alumina inokosha inosvika makumi matanhatu yakavakwa. Mumakambani makuru ealumina munzvimbo dzakapoteredza, mabhizinesi akazvimirira akawanda akavaka makemikari akawanda, anoshandisa zvinhu zvemumba kana zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kugadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzealumina yemakemikari.
China inyika yakakura yekugadzira alumina, ichishandisa tekinoroji yekugadzira yakawanda kupfuura chero imwe nyika, zviri nyore kuona mutsetse webazi rekugadzirwa kwealumina yemakemikari nekubatanidza mukuita kwetekinoroji, kunyanya aruminiyamu hydroxide inogadzirwa nekuita sintering process, ine kuchena kwechisikigo kwakanyanya.
Mushure memakore anopfuura makumi mashanu ekuvandudzwa, indasitiri yemakemikari yeChina ine simba guru mumisika yemuno neyekunze, mafirita ealuminium hydroxide nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinozivikanwawo mumusika wepasi rose.
Zvisinei, kana tichienzanisa neUnited States, Germany, Japan, makemikari eChina alumina pasinei nemhando yezvigadzirwa, mhando, chiyero chekugadzira chine mukaha mukuru, chikonzero chikuru chiri kumashure mukugadzirwa kwetekinoroji nemidziyo, kugadzirwa nekushandiswa kweongororo yekutanga yedzidziso hakuna kukwana, kugona kwekuvandudza kushoma, kukura kwemusika hakuna kukwana.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-02-2020