Chimwe chezvishandiso zvekutanga zvinoshandiswa nevanopa mvura vekanzuru kugadzirira mvura kuti iparadzirwe ndechekuiisa yakachena uye isina tumbuyu sezvinobvira. Kuti izvi zviitike, mvura inorapwa nealuminium sulphate inowanzonzi alum, iyo inoshanda seflocculent. Mvura isina kucheneswa inowanzo chengeta tumbuyu tudiki twakarembera twunonetsa kuseta. Alum inoita kuti iungane pamwe chete kuitira kuti ikwanise kugara mumvura kana kuti ivharwe nyore nyore nefirita.
Kazhinji musanganiswa wemvura ine 48 muzana ye filter alum inopinzwa mumvura isina kubikwa nechiyero chezvikamu 18 kusvika 24 pamiriyoni. Alum iyi inokurudzira kuonda kwezvidimbu zvidiki izvo zvinobatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko eruvara pamwe nekusvibiswa. Kana nzira iyi ikapihwa nguva yakakwana yekushanda uye ikashandiswa nemazvo, haingogadzirisi matambudziko mumvura chete asi inoguma nekubvisa akawanda earuminiyamu anoshandiswa mukuita uku.
Kunyangwe kunetseka pamusoro pekuchengetedzeka kwemvura yekurapa nearuminiyamu kwagara kuchitaurwa, hapana humbowo hunoratidza kuti aruminiyamu iri mumvura, ingave inobva muaruminiyamu sulphate inoshandiswa pakurapa kana kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo, inyaya yehutano.
Ruzhinji rwearuminiyamu inodyiwa inobva muaruminiyamu inowanikwa muzvikafu, aruminiyamu inoshandiswa mumapakeji ezvekudya, uye kubva muzvigadzirwa zvakaita sema deodorants nemajekiseni.
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzema coagulants ekutanga anogona kushandiswa mufekitori yekuchenesa mvura. Imwe yeakatanga kushandiswa, uye ichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya, ialuminium sulphate, inozivikanwawo se alum. Alum inogona kutengwa iri mumvura ine huwandu hwe8.3%, kana iri yakaoma ine huwandu hwe17%. Kana alum ikaiswa mumvura, inosangana nemvura uye inoburitsa ma ions ane chaji yakanaka.
Kubatanidza/kuputira mvura inzira inoshandiswa kubvisa kusviba, ruvara, uye mamwe mabhakitiriya mumvura. Mukamuri rekusanganisa mvura, makemikari anowedzerwa mumvura uye anosanganiswa zvine simba kweisingasviki miniti. Makemikari aya anoumbwa nemakemikari ekutanga uye/kana kuti anobatsira pakuputira mvura. Zvadaro, mubhokisi rekuputira mvura, mvura inokurunga zvinyoro nyoro kwemaminitsi makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana nemashanu kuti makemikari acho awane nguva yekushanda uye kukurudzira kuumbwa kwekemikari. Kemikari inozogara mumvura yekuputira mvura.
Kubatana kunobvisa macolloid nezvinhu zvakasimba zvakamiswa mumvura. Zvidimbu izvi zvine chaji isina kunaka, saka makemikari ecoagulant ane chaji yakanaka anoaita kuti asanyanya kugadzikana panguva yekusangana. Zvadaro, panguva yekusangana, zvidimbu zvinounganidzwa pamwe chete nemasimba avan der Waal, zvichiita floc. Maitiro ekusangana/kusangana anokanganiswa ne pH, munyu, alkalinity, turbidity, tembiricha, kusanganiswa, uye makemikari ecoagulant.
Aluminium sulphate inoshandiswa zvakanyanya seflocculent mumafekitori ekuchenesa mvura munyika dziri kusimukira. Inowanikwawo zvakanyanya munyika dziri kusimukira, inotengeswa mumabhuroko ematombo machena akapfava, uye inowanzonzi alum. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekushandisa alum seflocculent, kusanganisira kuipwanya kuita upfu usati waiisa mumvura, kuikurunga nekuibvisa kana kuikurunga dombo rese mumvura kwemasekonzi mashoma uye kumirira kuti zvinhu zvakasimba zvigadzikane. Mabhenefiti ealum ndeekuti inowanikwa zvakanyanya, yakaratidzwa kuti inoderedza turbidity, uye haina mutengo wakaderera. Dambudziko realum nderekuti muyero unodiwa unosiyana zvisingatarisirwi. Zvidzidzo zverabhoritari zvakaratidza kuti alum inoshanda mukuderedza turbidity uye kudiwa kwechlorine.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-14-2020