Kunyungudutsa kwemvura munondo unocheka nemativi maviri. MuUS, fluoride yakawedzerwa munzizi zhinji dzemvura kuitira kudzivirira kuora kwemazino. (Ndinofanira kutaura kuti fluoride inowanikwa mumvura zhinji dzinonwiwa pasi rese). Zvisinei, fluoride inogona kukuvadza mapfupa kana ikashandiswa zvakanyanya uye inogona kutouraya kana ukaitora yakawanda.
Desiccant activated alumina inoita basa guru mukuderedza huwandu hwefluoride mumvura. Nekuita izvi, activated alumina inosiya fluoride yakakwana mumvura kuti vanhu vawane mabhenefiti ayo ehutano, ukuwo ichiita shuwa kuti huwandu hwefluoride hunokuvadza hutano hahugari mumvura yekunwa.
Muna 1994, World Health Organization yakakurudzira kuti huwandu hwefluoride mumvura hunofanira kuva pakati pe0.5-1mg/L. Huwandu hwefluoride huri pamusoro pe1mg hunofanira kubviswa mufluoride, izvo zvinogona kuitwa nenzira nhatu dzakasiyana: nemakemikari nemvura, ne membrane based technology, kana ne ion exchange and adsorption.
Kazhinji nzira idzi dzinoshandiswa pamwe chete. Semuenzaniso, kana huwandu hwefluoride huri pamusoro pe15ppm uchishandisa lime inowira pasi pemakemikari uye chikamu chemvura chinofanira kushandiswa nekuti chinogona kubata huwandu hwakawanda hwefluoride. Kana huwandu ihwohwo hwadzikiswa uchishandisa lime, activated alumina, iyo inowira pasi pechikamu cheadsorption, inofanira kushandiswa kuderedza huwandu hwefluoride kusvika pasi pe1ppm sezvo activated alumina inogona kuchenesa mvura kusvika 99%.
Zvinoita sei Alumina yakabatidzwashanda mukubvisa fluoride mumvura?
Alumina yakakamurwa inosveta fluoride nekuti fluoride inokwezvwa nealumina. Inoda kugadzira alumina fluoride iyo inoita kana yasangana nealumina yakakamurwa. Alumina fluoride icharamba yakanamatira kumabeads ealumina chero bedzi pH yemvura iri pasi pe6. Kana pH yemvura ikaramba iri pasi pe6, kushanda kwealumina yakakamurwa kunotanga kudzikira. Inogonawo kubvumira alumina kupinda mumvura yako, kunyangwe alumina isinganyungudike mumvura.
Cherechedza: Reverse osmosis inoshandiswa kubvisa aruminiyamu mumvura uye zvimwe zvinoshandiswawo kubvisa aruminiyamu. Aruminiyamu haiwanzopinda mumvura nekuti mvura inonetsa kuinyungudutsa.
Zvinokurudzirwa kuti utange waisa alumina yakabatidzwa nealuminium sulfate usati waishandisa kuti uvandudze kumhanya kwekutanga kwekusvira. Mushure mekurapwa, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kusvira kwakaitwa nealumina yakabatidzwa kunoenderana nekuyerera kwemvura. Kunyangwe iyo activated inogona kubata kuyerera kwakanyanya uye ichiri kushanda, kugona kwayo kusvira kwakaderera uye izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuti uite mamwe ma cycles. Kuwedzera kaviri kuyerera kwemvura kwakabvumira 33% yefluoride kuburikidza nema activated alumina beds, nokudaro zvichideredza kushanda kweactivated alumina mukusvira fluoride.
Pane mukana wekuti mamwe maion anokanganisa maitiro ekunyungudutsa mvura kana uchishanda nealumina yakavhurwa, izvi zvinokonzerwa nemvura iri muUS ine mamwe maion. Maion aya anowanzo kuve sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, uye sodium bicarbonate. Sodium chloride nesodium sulfate hazvikanganisi maitiro ekunyungudutsa mvura, asi sodium bicarbonate inogona kuderedza kugona kwealumina yakavhurwa pakati pe33% ne70%.
Alumina yakakamurwa semamwe ma desiccant anogona kugadzurwazve. Sodium hydroxide, aluminium sulfate, kana sulfuric acid zvinoiswa mumushonga we lye ne activated alumina, zvichiita kuti adsorbent igodzokororwazve. Kana activated alumina yagadzurwazve inogona kuramba ichishandiswazve, uye kana ikashandiswa zvakanaka alumina inogona kugara kwemakore.
Alumina inoshanda yakakosha pakubvisa fluoride mumvura kusvika ku99% uye kuita kuti mvura ive yakachengeteka kuti vanhu vanwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-05-2019