Aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), inowanzonzi alum, inogadzirwa semakristaro machena asingatsve uye anonyungudika mumvura. Iyi hydrate yakaoma (Al2(SO4)3.14H2O) i17% Al2O3 uye inotengeswawo se47% w/w aluminium sulfate solution inova 8% Al2O3. Inotengeswawo muchimiro chakasimba seyakakuyiwa, yakakuyiwa kana guruva.
Aluminium sulfate, Al2(SO4)3, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri. Mashandisirwo ayo anonyanya kuitwa muindasitiri ye pulp nepepa uye mukuchenesa mvura. Aluminium sulfate yave ichishandiswa nevanhu kubvira muna 2000 BC, apo vaIjipita vaishandisa mineral alum semushonga wekudhaya. Yagara ichishandiswa muhukuru hwepepa kuti ivandudze kugara kwenguva refu uye kugamuchira inki uye mukurapa mvura kuti ichenese mvura. Mamwe mashandisirwo e alum anosanganisira kurapa mvura yakasviba, semushonga wekudzivirira mvura uye mukuwedzera simba mukongiri, semuchina wekujekesa mafuta nemafuta uye semushonga wefuro mumafuro emoto.
Alum (sekudanwa kunowanzoitwa aluminium sulfate) inogadzirwa nenzira iri nyore ine matanho maviri kubva kualuminium trihydrate uye sulfuric acid zvichienderana nekuita kunotevera:
2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 + 8H2O → Al2(SO4)3 .14H2O ∆fH = -156 kJ mol-1
Danho rekutanga rinosanganisira kusanganisa zvinhu zviri mu reactor, uye rechipiri kupwanya zvinhu kuti pave nemhando dzakasiyana dze alum dzakasimba dzinotengeswa.
Zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa
Aluminium trihydrate inocheneswa kubva ku bauxite. Madonhwe ebauxite ekutengeserana (30-75% Al2O3) anowanikwa muAustralia, Jamaica, France, Guyana, Guinea, USA neBrazil. Bauxite ore inonyungudutswa mu caustic soda yakasimba kuti igadzire sodium aluminate. Aluminium trihydrate inobva yanyungudutswa nekusagadzikana (kazhinji necarbon dioxide) kana ne autoprecipitation (Bayer process). Imwe mbishi, sulfuric acid, inogadzirwa kuti igadzire superphosphate kuFarmers Fertiliser Ltd. Acid inosvika ne road tanker uye inopombwa mumatangi ekuchengetera.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-18-2022