Alumina y'ikinyabutabire iratandukanye, hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho by'inganda z'icyuma zidafite feri YS/ ton 619-2007 "ubwoko bwa alumina y'ikinyabutabire n'izina ry'ikirango", hakurikijwe imiterere y'ikinyabutabire cya alumina y'ikinyabutabire igabanyijemo ibyiciro 5: urukurikirane rwa hydroxide ya aluminiyumu, urukurikirane rw'imvange yihariye ya oxide ya aluminiyumu, urukurikirane rw'imvange yoroheje ya alumina, urukurikirane rwa zeolite na urukurikirane rwa sima ya calcium aluminate.
Ubu, polyaluminium chloride, sodium silicate, umunyu wa fluoride n'indi myunyu ya aluminiyumu, sodium aluminate, gallium na gallium compounds, igice cya alumina ceramics na corundum refractories nabyo biri mu cyiciro cya chemical alumina.
Mu 1910, Alcoa yakoze inagurisha igice cya mbere cya alumina ya calcium ku isi, ari na yo yari ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora imiti y’umweru ya corundum abrasives.
Alumina y’ibinyabutabire irangwa n’ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, agaciro k’inyongera kanini, ikoranabuhanga riri hejuru, imirima yagutse kandi yagutse, igiciro gihamye, itangiza ibidukikije, bityo, yabaye ishami ry’ingenzi cyane mu nganda za aluminiyumu.
Ibihugu byinshi ku isi byashoye imari nyinshi mu iterambere ry’inganda za alumina zikoresha imiti. Alcoa yari ikigo kinini ku isi gitunganya alumina zikoresha imiti, gifite ibigo 24 biyikora, bikorera mu bihugu byose bikomeye n’uturere twose ku isi, bitanga ubwoko burenga 220 n’amatoni arenga 1000k /a. Hanyuma mu 2007, icyapa cya alumina gikoresha imiti cyimuriwe isosiyete y’Abaholandi yitwa Anmai.
Ubuyapani ni bwo buhanga mu gutunganya alumina y’ibinyabutabire ku isi, bukoresha, bugera kuri toni 1000, kandi bwakomeje kwiyongera buhoro buhoro, ubwoko ni bwo bunini ku isi, Ubuyapani ntibukora alumina y’icyiciro cya metallurgike, ariko bwageze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu gutunganya alumina y’ibinyabutabire, seriation, siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga rihambaye, kurengera ibidukikije no gushyira mu gaciro ikiguzi, uretse guhaza ibyifuzo by’imbere mu gihugu, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byageze kuri 25%. Ibirenga 85% by’umusaruro wa alumina y’ibinyabutabire mu Buyapani bikorwa n’inganda za shimitomo, showa denko n’ibyuma by’urumuri byo mu Buyapani.
Ahagana mu 1940, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubuyapani n'Uburayi ku bushakashatsi bwa alumina ku kinyabutabire ku rwego runini, kugeza mu myaka ya 1970, mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe byateye imbere mu nganda mu bihugu by'amahanga byabaye iterambere rikomeye.
Dukurikije imibare y’ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry’inganda za aluminiyumu, mu 1975, umusaruro wose wa alumina mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba ni toni zigera kuri 20344k, umusaruro wa alumina y’ibinyabutabire wa toni 1699k, bingana na 8.3% by’umusaruro wose; Mu 2000, umusaruro wose wa alumina ku isi wari toni zigera kuri 51200k, mu gihe umusaruro wa alumina y’ibinyabutabire wari toni 4800k, bingana na 9.4% by’umusaruro wose. Mu 2008, umusaruro w’isi yose wa alumina y’icyiciro cya metallurgike wari toni 60496k, naho alumina y’ibinyabutabire yari toni 4638k, bingana na 7.12% by’umusaruro wose. Mu 2012, umusaruro wose wa alumina ku isi wari toni 95.705k, naho umusaruro wa alumina y’ibinyabutabire wari toni 85.80k, bingana na 9% by’umusaruro wose. Kuva mu 2008 kugeza 2012, impuzandengo y’umwaka Igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ubutare bwa alumina ku isi cyari 16.6%, hafi amanota 11 ku ijana ugereranyije n’igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ubutare bwa alumina y’ibanze buri mwaka.
Inganda za alumina y’ibinyabutabire mu Bushinwa zatangiye zitinze. Ahagana mu 1961, kugira ngo bikemure ikibazo cy’ibura ry’ibikoresho fatizo mu nganda z’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, uruganda rwa shandong alumina (ubu ruzwi nka shandong alumina industry co., LTD.) rwabanje gukora alumina ifite sodium nkeya ndetse runatangira ubushakashatsi, iterambere n’ikorwa rya alumina y’ibinyabutabire mu Bushinwa.
Mu myaka ya 1970, kugira ngo habeho peteroli, imiti, ibinyabutabire, ibinyabutabire, ibinyabutabire, imiti, kurengera ibidukikije, intwaro, indege n'izindi nganda, hakenewe imiti ya alumina, uruganda rwa shandong aluminium, ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku byuma byoroheje cya zhengzhou kandi gifite iterambere n’umusaruro wa alumina ikora, alumina arsenic fluoride removal agent, aluminium hydroxide nkeya, alumina ifite purity nyinshi, ibinyabutabire bifite alpha Al2O3, gutera alumina n’ibindi bicuruzwa bishya 24.
Mu myaka ya 1980, umusaruro wa alumina y’ibinyabutabire mu Bushinwa winjiye mu gihe cy’iterambere ryihuse, kandi ibicuruzwa bishya byakomeje kugaragara. Bihagarariwe n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku byuma by’ubutare cya zhengzhou, shandong aluminium industry co., ltd. na China Great Wall aluminium industry co., ltd. Hubatswe imirongo igera kuri 60 yihariye yo gukora alumina. Mu bigo byinshi binini bya alumina mu turere dukikije, hubatswe itsinda ry’ibigo byigenga bikora alumina y’ibinyabutabire, bikoresha ibikoresho fatizo byo mu gihugu cyangwa bitumiza mu mahanga kugira ngo bikore ubwoko butandukanye bwa alumina y’ibinyabutabire.
Ubushinwa ni igihugu kinini gitunganya alumina, gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rinini kurusha ikindi gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose, biroroshye kubona ishami ry’umusaruro wa alumina y’ibinyabutabire binyuze mu guteranya mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, cyane cyane aluminiyumu hidroksidi ikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusya, ifite umweru mwinshi karemano.
Nyuma y'imyaka irenga 50 y'iterambere, inganda z'ibinyabutabire za alumina mu Bushinwa zifite ingaruka zikomeye ku masoko yo mu gihugu no mu mahanga, imashini zitunganya aluminiyumu hidroksidi n'ibindi bicuruzwa nabyo bizwi cyane ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Ariko, ugereranyije na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubudage, Ubuyapani, alumina y'ibinyabutabire by'Ubushinwa hatitawe ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa, ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa, ingano y'umusaruro bifite icyuho kinini, impamvu y'ibanze ni inyuma mu ikoranabuhanga mu gukora no gukoresha ibikoresho, umusaruro n'ikoreshwa ry'ubushakashatsi bw'ibanze bw'inyigisho ntibihagije, ubushobozi buke bwo guhanga udushya, iterambere ry'isoko ntabwo rihagije.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-02-2020