Imwe mu ntambwe za mbere mu ntambwe nyinshi abatanga amazi bo mu mirenge bakoresha mu gutegura amazi yo gukwirakwizwa ni ukuyashyira mu buryo buboneye kandi nta tunyangingo duto dushoboka. Kugira ngo babigereho, amazi asukurwa na aluminium sulfate ikunze kwitwa alum, ikora nk'amazi asukura. Amazi mabi akunze kubika uduce duto duto duto duto duto tugoranye cyane kuyungurura amazi. Alum ituma ahuzwa ku buryo ashobora kwimuka mu mazi cyangwa agafatwa mu buryo bworoshye n'akayunguruzo.
Ubusanzwe amazi avanze na 48% by'amazi ayungurura ashyirwa mu mazi mabi yinjira ku kigero cya 18 kugeza kuri 24 kuri miliyoni. Alum ituma uduce duto duto dufatana, ibyo bikaba bifasha gukemura ibibazo by'amabara ndetse n'umukungugu. Iyo igikorwa gihawe igihe gihagije cyo gukora kandi kigakoreshwa neza, ntabwo gikosora ibibazo biri mu mazi gusa ahubwo gikuraho byinshi muri aluminiyumu yakoreshejwe muri icyo gikorwa.
Nubwo impungenge ku mutekano wo gutunganya amazi hakoreshejwe aluminiyumu zakunze kugaragara, nta gihamya kigaragaza ko aluminiyumu iri mu mazi, yaba ikomoka kuri aluminiyumu sulfate ikoreshwa mu kuvura cyangwa ikomoka ahandi, ari ikibazo cy’ubuzima.
Ingano ya aluminiyumu ikoreshwa cyane ni aluminiyumu iboneka mu biryo bisanzwe, aluminiyumu ikoreshwa mu bipfunyika, ndetse no mu bicuruzwa nka deodorants n'inkingo.
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti igabanya ubushyuhe ishobora gukoreshwa mu ruganda rutunganya amazi. Imwe mu miti ya kera cyane, kandi ikoreshwa cyane, ni aluminiyumu sulfate, izwi kandi nka aluminiyumu. Alum ishobora kugurwa mu buryo bw'amazi ifite igipimo cya 8.3%, cyangwa mu buryo bwumye ifite igipimo cya 17%. Iyo aluminiyumu yongewe mu mazi, irakorana n'amazi kandi igatanga iyoni zifite umuvuduko mwiza.
Gufungana/gufungana ni uburyo bukoreshwa mu gukuraho umwanda, ibara, na bagiteri zimwe na zimwe mu mazi. Mu cyumba cyo kuvangamo amazi, imiti yongerwa mu mazi ikavanga cyane mu gihe kitarenze umunota umwe. Iyi miti igizwe n'imiti ifungana cyangwa imiti ifasha mu gufungana. Hanyuma, mu gikombe cyo gufungana, amazi avugururwa buhoro buhoro mu minota 30 kugeza kuri 45 kugira ngo imiti ihe umwanya wo gukora no gutuma floc ikora neza. Hanyuma floc irahagarara mu gikombe cyo gufungana.
Gufungana bikuraho koloyide n'ibintu bikomeye biva mu mazi. Utu duce dufite charge mbi, bityo imiti ya coagulant ifite charge nziza irayihindura iyo ifungana. Hanyuma, mu gihe cyo gufungana, utwo duce dukururwa hamwe n'imbaraga za van der Waal, bigatuma habaho floc. Uburyo bwo gufungana/gufungana bugira ingaruka kuri pH, imyunyu, alkalinity, turbidity, ubushyuhe, kuvanga, n'imiti ya coagulant.
Sulfate ya aluminiyumu ikoreshwa cyane nk'umuti wo koroshya amazi mu nganda zitunganya amazi mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Iraboneka cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, igurishwa mu mabuye y'umweru yoroshye, kandi muri rusange yitwa aluminiyumu. Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha aluminiyumu nk'umuti wo koroshya amazi, harimo kuyisya ikamera nk'ifu mbere yo kuyishyira mu mazi, kuyivanga no kuyikuramo cyangwa kuyivanga yose mu mazi mu masegonda make no gutegereza ko ibintu bikomeye bishira. Ibyiza bya aluminiyumu ni uko iboneka cyane, byagaragaye ko igabanya ubushyuhe, kandi ikaba ihendutse. Imbogamizi za aluminiyumu ni uko ingano ikenewe itandukana mu buryo butunguranye. Ubushakashatsi bwa laboratwari bwagaragaje ko aluminiyumu igira akamaro mu kugabanya ubushyuhe n'ubukene bwa chlorine.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 14 Mata-2020