Gutera fluoride mu mazi ni inkota ifite ubugi bubiri. Muri Amerika, fluoride yongewe mu migezi myinshi y'amazi kugira ngo ifashe mu gukumira kwangirika kw'amenyo. (Navuga ko fluoride iboneka mu mazi menshi yo kunywa ku isi yose). Ariko fluoride ishobora kwangiza amagufwa ku rugero rwo hejuru ndetse ishobora no kwica iyo uyifashe ku bwinshi.
Alumina ya desiccant ikora akazi ko kugabanya fluoride mu mazi igira uruhare runini mu kugabanya urugero rwa fluoride mu mazi. Ibi bituma fluoride ihagije mu mazi kugira ngo abantu babone inyungu zayo ku buzima, ariko nanone ikagenzura ko fluoride yangiza ubuzima idasigara mu mazi yo kunywa.
Mu 1994, Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima watanze inama ko urugero rwa fluoride mu mazi rugomba kuba ruri hagati ya 0.5-1mg/L. Urugero rwa fluoride ruri hejuru ya 1mg rugomba gukurwaho fluoride, ibyo bikaba bishobora gukorwa mu buryo butatu butandukanye: hakoreshejwe imiti n'imvura, hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku ruhu, cyangwa hakoreshejwe ihererekanya rya iyoni no kuyishyiramo.
Incuro nyinshi ubu buryo bukoreshwa hamwe. Urugero, iyo urugero rwa fluoride ruri hejuru ya 15ppm hakoreshejwe lime iri munsi y’ibinyabutabire n’icyiciro cy’imvura bigomba gukoreshwa kuko bishobora guhangana n’urugero rwinshi rwa fluoride. Iyo urwo rugero rumaze kugabanuka hakoreshejwe lime, alumina ikora, iri munsi y’icyiciro cyo guterwamo, igomba gukoreshwa kugira ngo ingano ya fluoride igabanuke ikagera munsi ya 1ppm kuko alumina ikora ishobora gusukura amazi kugeza kuri 99%.
Bigenda bite Alumina yakozwegukora mu gukura fluoride mu mazi?
Alumina ikora alumina ikuramo fluoride kuko fluoride ikurura alumina. Irashaka gukora fluoride ya aluminiyumu, ibyo ibikora iyo ihuye na alumina ikora alumina. Alumina fluoride izakomeza gufatana n'udupira twa alumina mu gihe cyose pH y'amazi ikiri munsi ya 6. Iyo pH y'amazi ikomeje kuba munsi ya 6, ubushobozi bwa alumina ikora butangira kugabanuka. Ishobora kandi gutuma aluminiyumu yinjira mu mazi yawe, nubwo aluminiyumu idakunze gushonga mu mazi.
Icyitonderwa: Reverse osmosis ikoreshwa mu gukura aluminiyumu mu mazi, ndetse n'ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo kuyisukura. Aluminiyumu ntabwo yinjira mu mazi kuko amazi agorana kuyashongesha.
Ni byiza ko wabanza gufata alumina irimo sulfate ya aluminiyumu mbere yo kuyikoresha kugira ngo wongere uburyo bwo kuyikoresha bwa mbere. Nyuma yo kuyikoresha mbere yo kuyikoresha, ni ngombwa kwibuka ko uburyo bwo kuyikoresha buterwa n’umuvuduko w’amazi ukoresheje alumina irimo gukoreshwa bushingiye ku muvuduko w’amazi. Nubwo ishobora guhangana n’umuvuduko mwinshi w’amazi kandi igakomeza gukora, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuyikoresha buragabanuka kandi ibi bishobora gutuma ugomba gukora izindi ngendo. Gukuba kabiri umuvuduko w’amazi byatumye 33% by’umuvuduko w’amazi binyura mu duce twa alumina irimo gukoreshwa, bityo bigabanyiriza ubushobozi bwa alumina irimo gukoreshwa mu kuyikoresha mu kuyikoresha.
Hari amahirwe ko izindi iyoni zishobora kubangamira inzira yo kuvoma iyo zikorana na alumina ikora, ibi biterwa n'amazi yo muri Amerika arimo izindi iyoni. Izi iyoni akenshi ni sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, na sodium bicarbonate. Sodium chloride na sodium sulfate ntibibangamira inzira yo kuvoma, ariko sodium bicarbonate ishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwa alumina ikora hagati ya 33% na 70%.
Alumina yakozwe nk'ibindi binyabutabire byinshi ishobora kuvugururwa. Sodiyumu hidroksidi, aluminiyumu sulfate, cyangwa aside sulfuriki bishyirwa mu gisubizo cya lye hamwe na alumina yakozwe, bigatuma adsorbent yongera kuvugururwa. Iyo alumina yakozwe ishobora gukomeza gukoreshwa, kandi iyo ikoreshejwe neza alumina ishobora kumara imyaka myinshi.
Alumina ikora ni ingenzi mu gukura fluoride mu mazi kugeza kuri 99% no gutuma amazi aba meza ku bantu kuyanywa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-05-2019