Uburyo bwo gukuraho fluorine

1. Uburyo bwo gukuraho fluorine ni ubu bukurikira:

1) Amazi arimo fluorine anyura mu gice cyo kuvoma hanyuma fluorine ikamungwa ku buso bw'umuyoboro kugira ngo ikore fluoride idashonga. Ibikoresho byo kuvoma ni alumina ikora, tricalcium phosphate cyangwa amakara y'amagufwa. Ni bwo buryo bwa kera cyane bukoreshwa mu mazi yo munsi y'ubutaka hamwe na fluoride < 10mg/L n'ibintu bivamo < 5mg/L. Iyo ubushobozi bwo gukuraho fluorine bukunda kuzura, hakenewe kongeramo ibintu byo kuvoma.

2) Coagulant yongerwa mu mazi arimo fluorine kugira ngo ikore fluoride idashonga, ikurwaho no kuyungurura amazi. Coagulants ni Al2 (SO4)3, aluminium chloride y'ibanze, magnesium hydroxide, nibindi. Ikwiriye amazi mabi afite umukungugu mwinshi n'umubare muto wa fluorine.

3) Uburyo bwo guhinduranya iyoni BUKORESHA ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya iyoni bwa resin yo guhinduranya iyoni kugira ngo ikure iyoni za fluorine mu mazi.

4) Electrodialysis IKORESHA uburyo bwo gupima ion membrane mu gukuraho fluorine

5) Uburyo bwo guhindura osmosis BUKORESHA uburyo bwo kwinjira neza kw'urukiramende rushobora kwinjiramo mu gukuraho fluorine

Muri ubwo buryo bwavuzwe haruguru, 3), 4) na 5) bukoreshwa ku mazi y'umunyu n'ahantu hari fluorine nyinshi. Ubu buryo bwo gusimbuza amazi bukoreshwa cyane.

2. Ingingo z'ingenzi z'ikoranabuhanga mu gushushanya umunyu wa aluminiyumu no gukuraho fluorine

Gutanga amazi ashyushye akwiriye amazi mabi afite fluoride iri munsi ya 4mg/L. Amazi mabi afite fluoride nkeya n'amazi afite umuvuduko mwinshi agomba gukurwaho icyarimwe. Umukozi agomba guhitamo umunyu wa aluminiyumu. Iyo CL- iri mu mazi mabi ari menshi, sulfate ya aluminiyumu irakoreshwa. Iyo sulfate y'amazi mabi ari nyinshi, chloride ya aluminiyumu irakoreshwa; chloride y'ibanze ya aluminiyumu ikoreshwa iyo ion zombi ziri hejuru.

Igihe cyo gufunga ni iminota 5-6 kandi agaciro ka pH muri rusange kagenzurwa hagati ya 6.5 na 7.5. Ikigega cyo kuvanga, ikigega cyo gukora flocculation reaction, ikigega cyo gutembamo amazi n'imvura bigomba gutegurwa ku muvuduko uhindagurika cyangwa imvura igwa rimwe na rimwe, hamwe n'ingaruka nziza zo gukuraho fluorine.

Uburyo amazi atemberamo: amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka – gufungana – imvura – kuyungurura, iyo ubwiza bw'amazi mabi ari bwiza, ashobora gukurwaho imvura cyangwa icyuma gitunganya amazi, gikoreshwa mbere yo gupima ipompo, kuvanga ipompo, imvura ihagaze, gufata amazi yo hejuru kugira ngo uyanywe.

3, igishushanyo mbonera cy'uburyo bwo gukuraho fluorine hakoreshejwe alumina ikanayitunganya

Muri rusange, amazi yo mu butaka afite fluoride nyinshi afite alkali nyinshi na PH > 8.0, mu gihe PH igira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushobozi bwo kuvoma bwa alumina ikora. Ubushobozi bwo kuvoma bwa alumina ikora ni 4-5g (F-) / kg (Al2O3) iyo PH y'amazi yinjira ari 6.0-6.5. Kuri PH ya 6.5-7.0, ubushobozi bwo kuvoma bwari 3-4g (F-) / kg (Al2O3). Hatabayeho guhindura PH, ubushobozi bwo kuvoma ni 1g (F-) / kg (Al2O3).

Alumina ikora ni ibikoresho by'urufunguzo, ingano y'uduce igomba kuba munsi ya 2.5mm, muri rusange 0.5-1.5mm, igipimo cyo kudahuza cy'ibikoresho by'urufunguzo K80≤2 iyo ingano ya fluoride mu mazi mabi ari munsi ya 4mg/L, ubugari bw'ibikoresho by'urufunguzo bugomba kuba burenga 1.5mm; Iyo ingano ya fluoride mu mazi mabi ari hejuru ya 4mg/L, ubugari bw'ibikoresho by'urufunguzo bugomba kuba burenga 1.8mm. Iyo PH y'amazi yinjira ari > 7.0, igipimo cyo kuyungurura muri rusange ni 2-3m/h, naho PH y'amazi yinjira ari munsi ya 7.0, igipimo cyo kuyungurura muri rusange ni 6-8m/h, kandi igihe gihuye nacyo kigomba kuba iminota 20-30. Sulfate aluminiyumu ikoreshwa nk'umuti wongera kuvugurura, igipimo cy'ingano yo gukuraho fluorine ni 60: 1, kandi ingano y'umuti wongera kuvugurura ni 2%-3%. Mu gihe cyo kongera kuvugurura, amazi mabi yabanzaga kozwa inyuma kuva hasi kugera hejuru hamwe n'ubukana bwo gukaraba bwa 11-12l (s.m2), igihe cyo gukaraba cy'iminota 5-8 n'uburebure bwo kwaguka bwa 50%. Hanyuma, umuti wa sulfate aluminiyumu 2% wakoreshejwe mu kongera kuvugurura, wanyuzwaga kuva hejuru kugera hasi hamwe n'igipimo cyo kuyungurura cya 0.6m / h kandi ukamara iminota 6-8. Nyuma yo kongera kuvugurura, oza n'amazi yo gukuraho fluorination. Ubukana bwo gukaraba bwari bumwe n'ubwo gukaraba bwa mbere kandi bumara iminota 8-10.