Sulfate ya aluminiyumu (Al2 (SO4)3), ikunze kwitwa alum, ikorwa nk'amakristu yera adashya kandi ashobora gushonga mu mazi. Iyi hydrate yumye (Al2 (SO4) 3.14H2O) ni 17% Al2O3 kandi igurishwa nk'umuti wa sulfate ya aluminiyumu ya 47% w/w ari wo 8% Al2O3. Igurishwa kandi mu buryo bukomeye nk'itongo, isya cyangwa ivumbi.
Sulfate ya aluminiyumu, Al2 (SO4)3, ikoreshwa cyane n'inganda. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nganda zikora imyanda n'impapuro ndetse no mu gutunganya amazi. Sulfate ya aluminiyumu yakoreshejwe n'abantu kuva mu 2000 mbere ya Yesu, ubwo Abanyegiputa bakoreshaga icyuma cy'amabuye y'agaciro nk'umusemburo mu gusiga amarangi. Yakoreshejwe kuva kera mu gusiga impapuro kugira ngo yongere igihe cyo kuramba no kwakira wino no mu gutunganya amazi kugira ngo amazi arusheho kuba meza. Izindi ngaruka zikoreshwa muri aluminiyumu zirimo gutunganya amazi yanduye, nk'ikintu gikingira amazi no kwihutisha sima, nk'ikintu gikuraho amavuta n'amavuta ndetse n'ikintu gitera ifuro mu ifuro ry'umuriro.
Alum (nk'uko aluminium sulfate ikunze kwitwa) ikorwa mu buryo bworoshye bw'intambwe ebyiri uhereye kuri aluminium trihydrate na aside sulfuriki hakurikijwe uburyo bukurikira:
2Al (OH) 3 + 3H2SO4 + 8H2O → Al2 (SO4) 3 .14H2O ∆fH = -156 kJ mol-1
Intambwe ya mbere ikubiyemo kuvanga ibikoresho muri reactor, naho iya kabiri ni ugusya ibikoresho kugira ngo hakorwe ubwoko butandukanye bw'amavuta akomeye agurishwa.
Ibikoresho fatizo
Trihydrate ya aluminiyumu isukurwa ikoresheje bauxite. Ibice bya bauxite (30-75% Al2O3) bikomoka muri Ositaraliya, Jamayika, Ubufaransa, Guyana, Guineya, Amerika na Brezili. Ubutare bwa bauxite bushongeshwa muri soda ikomeye ya caustic kugira ngo habeho sodium aluminate. Hanyuma trihydrate ya aluminiyumu iterwa no kugabanya (ubusanzwe hamwe na dioxyde de carbone) cyangwa na autoprecipitation (uburyo bwa Bayer). Ibindi bikoresho fatizo, aside sulfurike, ikorerwa superphosphate muri Farmers Fertiliser Ltd. Aside iza mu bwato butwara imizigo ikajugunywa mu bigega byo kubikamo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-18-2022