Kugwiritsa Ntchito: popanga aluminiyamu hydroxide. Nthunzi yopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu hydroxide yophwanyidwa pa 120 mpaka 250°C, sakanizani ndi profilebuy ndikukhuthala kuti mupeze madzi osungunuka okhala ndi zinthu zolimba za 50 mpaka 300 g/l ndi sodium oxide mu gawo lamadzimadzi la 0.05 - 5 g/l Madzi osungunuka amalowetsedwa mu yankho la supersaturated aluminate, ndikuyika chotsitsa chotengedwacho pansi pa kusakaniza, kulekanitsa aluminiyamu hydroxide yolekanitsidwa ndi mowa wothira ndikutsukidwa. 1 Cp f-makristalo, 1 Il., tebulo 1.

Kapangidwe kameneka kakukhudzana ndi kupanga aluminiyamu hydroxide, makamaka kupanga aluminiyamu hydroxide yabwino kuchokera kumadzi a sodium aluminate.

Njira yopezera hydroxide yabwino ya aluminiyamu [1] momwe njirayi imachitikira m'magawo awiri. Mu gawo loyamba, yankho la aluminiyamu limachotsedwa ndi hydrochloric acid, ndipo hydroxide ya aluminiyamu yomwe imatuluka imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ya yankho la supersaturated aluminate mu gawo lachiwiri. Zotsatira zake, hydroxide ya aluminiyamu yokhala ndi kapangidwe ka hydrargillite, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha prigotovit, imachokera ku kuchepetsedwa kwa yankho la caustic alkali aluminate. Aluminium hydroxide yomwe imachitika imadziwika ndi kufalikira kwakukulu komanso kapangidwe kake ka amorphous, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti mbewu zake zimakhala ndi ntchito yayikulu pakuwonongeka kwa mayankho a aluminiyamu.

Komabe, njira iyi yokonzekera mbewu ndi yotheka pokhapokha ngati mugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira aluminate zomwe zakonzedwa mwapadera, zopanda zinthu zodetsedwa. Kupanda kutero, aluminiyamu hydroxide yomwe imachokera imayamwa zinthu zodetsedwa kuchokera mu yankho ndipo ntchito ya mbewu imachepa. Kuphatikiza apo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi chifukwa cha kuthamanga kochepa komanso kusefa, aluminiyamu hydroxide imaperekedwa pagawo lachiwiri ngati choyimitsira. Pankhaniyi, zonse zomwe zimapangidwa mu gawo loyamba la mchere zimagwera pagawo lachiwiri, kuipitsa chinthu choyambirira ndikuzungulira m'munda wa njira zopangira.

Njira yopezera aluminiyamu hydroxide yabwino kwambiri yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi luso lamakono komanso zotsatira zake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito aluminiyamu hydroxide, yomwe imaphwanyidwa pamalo enaake, okwana kapena ofanana ndi 1 m.²/g, pomwe mbewu imalowetsedwa mu yankho la aluminiyamu mu kuchuluka kotero kuti pamwamba pake ponse pamakhala mankhwala ake ndipo motero, ntchito ya mbewu imakhala yochepa, zomwe zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zambiri komanso ndalama zambiri zamagetsi pokonzekera.

Maziko a chipangizochi ndi kupanga njira yokonzekera mbewu ya aluminiyamu hydroxide, yomwe imatsimikizira kuti mbewu zake zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti zimakhala zoyera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu ndi mphamvu zisamagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri.

Pachifukwa ichi, njira yopangira aluminiyamu hydroxide, yomwe ikuphatikizapo kupukutira mbewu ya aluminiyamu hydroxide, kusakaniza mbewu yophwanyika ndi yankho la supersaturated ndikuchotsa kuyimitsidwa komwe kumabwera ndi kusakaniza, mbewu ya aluminiyamu hydroxide imaphwanyidwa ndi nthunzi pa 120-250.^zaC. mawonekedwe ozungulira gulani kusakaniza ndi madzi olandirira okhala ndi 50-300 kg/m2³ufa wa aluminiyamu hydroxide, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbewu.

Kuchuluka koyenera kwa sodium oxide mu gawo lamadzimadzi la kuyimitsidwa kuti kusungidwe mkati mwa 0.05 mpaka 5 g/L.

Kupera nthunzi ya aluminiyamu hydroxide pa 120-250^zaAmapereka mphamvu zambiri pakupanga aluminium hydroxide yoyera bwino. Fufuzani kuchuluka kwa ming'alu, tchipisi ndi ma ledges, omwe ali ndi kapangidwe ka amorphous.

Kapangidwe ka pamwamba kameneka kamatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya mbewu zake pogwiritsa ntchito aluminiyamu hydroxide ngati mbewu.

Zotsatira zake zazikulu zimapezeka pamene kutentha kwa nthunzi mu chipinda chopukusira kuli 120-250^zaC.

Kutentha kukatsika pansi pa 120^zaNdi ntchito ya mankhwala pamwamba pa aluminiyamu yophwanyidwa, hydroxide ndi yofanana ndi njira zina zopera.

Kutentha kumawonjezeka kuposa madigiri 250^zaNgakhale sizikuwonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwala pamwamba, mtengo wa mphamvu ya kutentha pakukonzekera mbewu ukuwonjezeka.

Pamene madzi oundana amadzimadzi osakaniza a condensation afika pamlingo wolimba, ntchito ya mbewu ya 50-300 g/l imachepa.

Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa cholimba mu kuyimitsidwa kuli pansi pa 50 g/l sikukhudza ntchito yake yopanda kanthu, koma panthawiyi kumabweretsa madzi ambiri, zomwe zimafuna ndalama zowonjezera kuti ziume.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba zomwe zimayimitsidwa m'madzi opitilira 300 g/l ya ntchito yake yopanda kanthu kukuchepa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa x-mtundu wa acid-base.

Kuchuluka kwa sodium oxide mu gawo lamadzimadzi la kuyimitsidwa kwamadzi pamlingo wa 0.05-5 g/l kumapereka ntchito yayikulu ya mbewu.

Malire otsika a kuchuluka kwa zinthu amachepetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa intracrystalline alkali-washed aluminiyamu hydroxide, yomwe imayamba kuphwanyidwa.

Pamene kuchuluka kwa sodium oxide kupitirira 5 g/l, ntchito ya mbewu imachepa chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa kapangidwe ka amorphous pamwamba pa mbewu.

Njira yomwe ikuperekedwa yopangira aluminiyamu hydroxide imachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale apakhomo: jet mill type ES-06; SP-1, ndi zina zotero.

Mu jet mill, kugaya kumachitika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito grinding media, mfundo ya zinthu zosuta ikagundana ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kugwiritsa ntchito jet mill ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire magawo omwe aperekedwa a ndondomekoyi ndikupeza zotsatira zaukadaulo zomwe zimafunikira.

Mu boron, muli anthu ozizira omwe amayenda. Kuziziritsa madzi opangidwa. Pamene nthunzi iyi imasungunuka ndikupanga kuyimitsidwa kwa aluminiyamu hydroxide m'madzi, omwe pambuyo pa kuzizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Kea.

Hydroxide ya aluminiyamu yochokera ku hopper 1 ndi sikuru 2 imaperekedwa ku mphero yofulumizitsa chubu 3. Machubu ofulumizitsa aluminiyamu hydroxide imafulumizitsa kuthamanga kwa nthunzi. Tinthu tomwe timagundana timagundana, timaphwanyika ndikuchotsedwa nthunzi mu cholekanitsa cha centrifugal 4. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri timabwezedwa ku mphero pa Dorisol, ndipo timaphwanyika kukula kwa tinthu tomwe timafunikira tidzasungidwa mu dongosolo losonkhanitsira fumbi 5. Mtsinje wa Paraphilias umaziziritsidwa, umapindika, madzi amathiridwa 6 mu thickener 7, umasakanizidwa ndi supersaturated aluminate solution 8 ndikulowa mu reactor 9, yomwe imasungidwa pansi pa kusakaniza. Pambuyo ponyowa, aluminiyamu hydroxide imalekanitsidwa ndi mowa wochuluka mu fyuluta 10, kutsukidwa ndikutumizidwa kwa ogula.

Kuyerekeza deta kuchokera ku zoyeserera zingapo kukuwonetsa kuti kupukutira kwa aluminiyamu hydroxide mu jet mill nthunzi pa 120-250^zaPogwiritsa ntchito madzi oundana a ufa wokhala ndi 50-300 g/l wolimba ngati mbewu, zimathandiza kuti ntchito yomaliza igwire bwino ntchito komanso ubwino wa mbewu yomalizidwa chifukwa cha kupanga mbewu zopanda mankhwala, komanso kuchuluka kwa mbewu zomwe zimamera.

Industrial Prime p 1 kg ya aluminiyamu hydroxide yokhala ndi nthunzi yophwanyika ya kristalo ya 40 μm mu mphero ya jeti ya laboratory. Kutentha kwa nthunzi pakhomo la mphero ya jeti kunali madigiri 160.^zaNdi kupanikizika kwa 7 MPa. Kutentha mu chipinda chopukusira 140^zaC. Kukula kwapakati kwa makhiristo pambuyo pogayidwa kufika pa 2.0 μm.

Ufa wa aluminiyamu hydroxide, wopangidwa mu mawonekedwe a paraphilias, umagwidwa mu mtundu wa filimu yokhala ndi boron. Kuundana kwa nthunzi komwe kumapangidwa ndi madzi ozizira omwe ali ndi boron. Pambuyo pa kuuma kwa madzi, anthu omwe amalowa amalandira 10 l ya suspension yokhala ndi 100 g/l ya aluminium hydroxide yophwanyidwa ndi 0.4 g/l ya sodium oxide mu gawo lamadzimadzi.

Madzi osungunuka a 0,04 l amasakanizidwa ndi lita imodzi ya aluminate solution yokhala ndi, g/l: Na₂O_ku130,9; Al₂O₃137,2; Na₂CO₃20,3; NaCl 12,2; Na₂SO₄5,4; organic carbon (Corg.) 12,4. Choyimitsa chomwe chimachokeracho chimayikidwa mu reactor ndikusungidwa pansi pa kusakaniza pa 55^zaC kwa maola 24

Mlingo wa kuwonongeka kwa yankho la aluminate unali 50.2% ya kuchuluka kwa kupanga kwa aluminiyamu hydroxide 109,4, kukula kwapakati kwa makhiristo mu dothi la 3.6 μm, kuchuluka kwa zonyansa mu aluminiyamu hydroxide, Na₂O0,42; Fe₂O₃0,021; SiO₂0,018.

Zotsatira za mayeso mkati mwa njira zomwe zaperekedwa, zabwino kwambiri komanso kupitirira C, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kuwonongeka kumachitika pa kutentha mu chipinda chopukusira 120-250^zaNdi, zomwe zili mu aluminiyamu hydroxide yophwanyidwa mu kuyimitsidwa kwa madzi ndi 50-300 g/l ndipo zomwe zili mu sodium oxide mu gawo lamadzimadzi la kuyimitsidwa kwamadzi ndi 0.05-5 g/L.

1. NJIRA YOPHUNZITSIRA ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE, yomwe ikuphatikizapo kupukusa mbewu ya aluminiyamu hydroxide, kusakaniza mbewu ya aluminiyamu hydroxide yophwanyidwa kuchokera ku yankho la aluminate yochuluka, kukalamba kwa kuyimitsidwa komwe kumachitika ndi kusakaniza, Dipatimentiyi idatulutsa aluminiyamu hydroxide kuchokera ku mowa wothira madzi ndikutsuka, zomwe zimadziwika kuti kupukusa aluminiyamu hydroxide kumachitika ndi nthunzi pa 120 250^oNdi mbiri yomwe yapezeka, gulani kuyimitsidwa kolimba ndikukhuthala kuti mupeze kuyimitsidwa kwamadzi kokhala ndi zinthu zolimba za 50 mpaka 300 g/l ndipo kumayikidwa mu yankho la supersaturated.

2. Njirayi malinga ndi tsamba 1, imadziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa sodium oxide mu gawo lamadzimadzi la kuyimitsidwa kwamadzi kumakhala mkati mwa 0.05 mpaka 5.0 g/L.