Chimodzi mwa zinthu zoyambirira zomwe ogulitsa madzi a m'matauni amagwiritsa ntchito pokonzekera madzi kuti agawidwe ndikuwapangitsa kukhala oyera komanso opanda tinthu tating'onoting'ono momwe angathere. Kuti akwaniritse izi, madziwo amathiridwa ndi aluminium sulphate yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa alum, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati flocculent. Madzi osaphika nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapachikidwa tomwe ndizovuta kwambiri kuti fyuluta igwire. Alum imapangitsa kuti zigwirizane kuti zizitha kutuluka m'madzi kapena kukodwa mosavuta ndi fyuluta.
Kawirikawiri madzi osakaniza ndi 48% ya fyuluta ya alum imalowetsedwa m'madzi osaphika omwe amalowa pamlingo wa magawo 18 mpaka 24 pa miliyoni. Alum imalimbikitsa kukhuthala kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timathandiza kuthetsa mavuto a utoto komanso kutayikira. Ngati njirayo ipatsidwa nthawi yokwanira yogwirira ntchito ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, sikuti imangokonza mavuto m'madzi komanso imapangitsa kuti aluminiyamu yambiri ichotsedwe.
Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri akhala akudandaula za chitetezo cha madzi oyeretsera pogwiritsa ntchito aluminiyamu, palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti aluminiyamu yomwe ili m'madzi, kaya imachokera ku aluminiyamu sulphate yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsera kapena kuchokera kuzinthu zina, ndi vuto la thanzi.
Mankhwala ambiri a aluminiyamu amachokera ku aluminiyamu yomwe imapezeka mwachilengedwe muzakudya, aluminiyamu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poika chakudya, komanso kuchokera ku zinthu monga deodorants ndi katemera.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma coagulant oyambira omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu fakitale yochizira madzi. Chimodzi mwa zoyambirira, komanso chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndi aluminiyamu sulphate, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti alum. Alum ikhoza kugulidwa mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 8.3%, kapena mu mawonekedwe ouma okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 17%. Alum ikawonjezedwa m'madzi, imachitapo kanthu ndi madziwo ndipo imabweretsa ma ayoni omwe ali ndi mphamvu zabwino.
Kutseka/kutseka ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa kutayikira, utoto, ndi mabakiteriya ena m'madzi. Mu chipinda chosakanikirana ndi flash, mankhwala amawonjezeredwa m'madzi ndikusakanikirana mwamphamvu kwa mphindi yosakwana imodzi. Ma coagulants awa amakhala ndi ma coagulants oyamba ndi/kapena othandizira ma coagulant. Kenako, mu beseni lotseka, madzi amasunthidwa pang'onopang'ono kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 45 kuti apatse mankhwalawo nthawi yogwira ntchito ndikulimbikitsa kupanga ma floc. Kenako floc imakhazikika mu beseni lotseka.
Kutsekeka kwa madzi kumachotsa ma colloid ndi zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa m'madzi. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti timakhala ndi mphamvu yoipa, kotero mankhwala a coagulant omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoipa amawaletsa akatsekeka. Kenako, akatsekeka, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakokedwa pamodzi ndi mphamvu za van der Waal, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tiyambe kutsekeka. Njira yotsekeka/kutsekeka kwa madzi imakhudzidwa ndi pH, mchere, alkalinity, turbidity, kutentha, kusakaniza, ndi mankhwala a coagulant.
Aluminium sulphate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati flocculent m'mafakitale oyeretsera madzi m'maiko osatukuka. Imapezekanso kwambiri m'maiko osatukuka, yogulitsidwa m'mabokosi a miyala yofewa yoyera, ndipo nthawi zambiri imatchedwa alum. Pali njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito alum ngati flocculent, kuphatikizapo kuiphwanya kukhala ufa musanaiwonjezere m'madzi, kusakaniza ndi kuchotsa kapena kusakaniza mwala wonse m'madzi kwa masekondi angapo ndikudikirira kuti zolimba zikhazikike. Ubwino wa alum ndi wakuti imapezeka kwambiri, yatsimikiziridwa kuti imachepetsa kukhuthala, komanso ndi yotsika mtengo. Vuto la alum ndilakuti mlingo wofunikira umasiyana mosayembekezereka. Kafukufuku wa labotale wasonyeza kuti alum ndi yothandiza pochepetsa kukhuthala ndi kufunikira kwa chlorine.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-14-2020