Kusakaniza madzi ndi lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse. Ku US, fluoride yawonjezedwa m'madzi ambiri kuti athandize kupewa kuwola kwa mano. (Ndiyenera kunena kuti fluoride imapezeka mwachibadwa m'madzi ambiri akumwa padziko lonse lapansi). Komabe, fluoride ikhoza kuwononga mafupa pamlingo waukulu ndipo ingakhale yopha ngati mutamwa madzi ambiri.
Alumina yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi desiccant imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa fluoride m'madzi. Pochita izi, alumina yogwiritsidwa ntchito imasiya fluoride yokwanira m'madzi kuti anthu alandire zabwino zake paumoyo, komanso nthawi yomweyo imaonetsetsa kuti fluoride yowononga thanzi siitsalira m'madzi akumwa.
Mu 1994, bungwe la World Health Organization linalimbikitsa kuti fluoride m'madzi ikhale pakati pa 0.5-1mg/L. Ma fluoride opitilira 1mg ayenera kuchotsedwa mu fluoride, zomwe zingachitike m'njira zitatu zosiyana: ndi mankhwala ndi mvula, ndi ukadaulo wozikidwa pa nembanemba, kapena ndi kusinthana kwa ma ion ndi ma adsorption.
Nthawi zambiri njirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati fluoride ili pamwamba pa 15ppm, gwiritsani ntchito laimu yomwe imagwera pansi pa mankhwala ndipo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa imatha kuthana ndi fluoride yambiri. Mukachepetsa fluoride pogwiritsa ntchito laimu, alumina yogwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imagwera pansi pa adsorption, iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa fluoride kufika pansi pa 1ppm chifukwa alumina yogwiritsidwa ntchito imatha kuyeretsa madzi mpaka 99%.
Kodi zimatheka bwanji Aluminiyamu yoyendetsedwantchito yochotsa fluoride m'madzi?
Alumina yogwiritsidwa ntchito imakoka fluoride chifukwa fluoride imakokedwa ndi alumina. Imafuna kupanga aluminiyamu fluoride yomwe imachita ikakhudzana ndi alumina yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Alumina fluoride imakhalabe yomatirira ku mikanda ya alumina bola ngati pH ya madzi ili pansi pa 6. Ngati pH ya madzi ikadali yotsika kuposa 6, mphamvu ya alumina yogwiritsidwa ntchito imayamba kuchepa. Ikhozanso kulola aluminiyamu kulowa m'madzi anu, ngakhale aluminiyamu nthawi zambiri sasungunuka m'madzi.
Chidziwitso: Reverse osmosis imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa aluminiyamu m'madzi ndipo ena amagwiritsanso ntchito distillers. Aluminiyamu nthawi zambiri salowa m'madzi chifukwa madzi amavutika kusungunula.
Ndikofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito alumina yoyambitsidwa ndi aluminium sulfate musanagwiritse ntchito kuti muwongolere kulowetsedwa koyamba kwa madzi. Mukamaliza chithandizo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kulowetsedwa kwa madzi ndi alumina yoyambitsidwa kumadalira kuchuluka kwa madzi. Ngakhale kuti yoyambitsidwa imatha kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi ndipo imagwirabe ntchito, mphamvu yake yolowetsedwa imachepa ndipo izi zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yowonjezera. Kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa madzi kunalola kuti 33% ya fluoride yowonjezera kudzera m'mabedi a alumina oyambitsidwa, motero kuchepetsa mphamvu ya alumina yoyambitsidwa polowetsedwa kwa fluoride.
Pali kuthekera kwa ma ayoni ena kusokoneza njira yotsatsira madzi pogwiritsa ntchito alumina yogwira ntchito, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha madzi ku US omwe ali ndi ma ayoni ena. Ma ayoni awa nthawi zambiri amakhala sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, ndi sodium bicarbonate. Sodium chloride ndi sodium sulfate sizisokoneza njira yotsatsira madzi, koma sodium bicarbonate imatha kuchepetsa mphamvu ya alumina yogwira ntchito pakati pa 33% ndi 70%.
Alumina yogwiritsidwa ntchito monga ma desiccant ambiri amatha kubwezeretsedwanso. Sodium hydroxide, aluminium sulfate, kapena sulfuric acid zimayikidwa mu yankho la lye ndi alumina yogwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimathandiza kuti adsorbent ikonzedwenso. Alumina yogwiritsidwa ntchito ikangobwezeretsedwanso imatha kupitiliza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, ndipo ikagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino alumina imatha kukhala kwa zaka zambiri.
Alumina yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi yofunikira kwambiri pochotsa fluoride m'madzi mpaka 99% ndikupangitsa madzi kukhala otetezeka kuti anthu amwe.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-05-2019