Njira zochotsera fluorine

1. Njira zochotsera fluorine ndi izi:

1) Madzi okhala ndi fluorine amadutsa mu mzere wothira madzi ndipo fluorine imathira madzi pamwamba pa adsorbent kuti ipange fluoride yosasungunuka. Ma adsorbent ndi alumina yoyatsidwa, tricalcium phosphate kapena makala a mafupa. Ndi njira yakale kwambiri yogwiritsidwa ntchito pamadzi apansi panthaka okhala ndi fluoride < 10mg/L ndi chinthu choyimitsidwa < 5mg/L. Pamene mphamvu yochotsera fluorine yothira madzi imakhala yodzaza, pakufunika kuwonjezera chobwezeretsa madzi.

2) coagulant coagulant imawonjezeredwa ku madzi okhala ndi fluorine kuti ipange fluoride yosasungunuka, yomwe imachotsedwa ndi kusefa kwa precipitation. Coagulants ndi Al2(SO4)3, basic aluminiyamu chloride, magnesium hydroxide, ndi zina zotero. Yoyenera madzi osaphika okhala ndi turbidity yambiri komanso fluorine yochepa.

3) Njira yosinthira ma ion imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yosinthira ma ion resin kuchotsa ma fluorine ions m'madzi.

4) Electrodialysis IKUGWIRITSA NTCHITO njira yodziwira kuchuluka kwa ion exchange membrane kuti ichotse fluorine

5) njira yosinthira osmosis IMAGWIRITSA NTCHITO njira yosankha yolowera mu nembanemba yolowera pang'ono kuti ichotse fluorine

Mwa njira zomwe zili pamwambapa, 3), 4) ndi 5) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamadzi amchere ndi madera omwe ali ndi fluorine yambiri. Reverse osmosis imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakadali pano.

2. Mfundo zazikulu za kapangidwe kaukadaulo kopangira mchere wa aluminiyamu ndikuchotsa fluorine m'nthaka

Madzi oundana ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osaphika okhala ndi fluoride ya <4mg/L. Madzi osaphika okhala ndi fluoride yochepa komanso madzi oundana ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Wothandizirayo ayenera kusankha mchere wa aluminiyamu. Madzi osaphika akakhala ambiri, sulfate ya aluminiyamu imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Madzi osaphika akakhala ambiri, sulfate ya aluminiyamu imagwiritsidwa ntchito; Aluminiyamu chloride yoyambira imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene ma ion onse awiri ali ambiri.

Nthawi yothira madzi ndi mphindi 5-6 ndipo pH nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa pakati pa 6.5 ndi 7.5. Tanki yosakaniza, thanki yothira madzi, thanki yothira madzi ndi mvula ziyenera kupangidwa ndi liwiro losinthasintha kapena mvula yosasinthasintha, ndi zotsatira zabwino zochotsera fluorine.

Kuyenda kwa njira: madzi apansi panthaka - kuuma - kusefa, pamene madzi aiwisi ali abwino, akhoza kuchotsedwa mvula kapena chipangizo choyeretsera, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri musanapereke mlingo wa pampu, kusakaniza pampu, kuuma kwa madzi, kumwa madzi a pamwamba.

3, kapangidwe ka njira yochotsera fluorine ndi alumina yoyendetsedwa ndi kuyamwa kwake

Kawirikawiri, madzi apansi panthaka okhala ndi fluoride wambiri amakhala ndi alkalinity yambiri ndi PH > 8.0, pomwe PH imakhudza kwambiri mphamvu ya kulowetsedwa kwa alumina yogwira ntchito. Mphamvu ya kulowetsedwa kwa alumina yogwira ntchito ndi 4-5g(F-)/kg(Al2O3) pamene PH ya madzi olowa ndi 6.0-6.5. Pa PH ya 6.5-7.0, mphamvu ya kulowetsedwa inali 3-4g(F-)/kg(Al2O3). Popanda kusintha kwa PH, mphamvu ya kulowetsedwa ndi pafupifupi 1g(F-)/kg(Al2O3).

Alumina yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chinthu chosefera, kukula kwa tinthu kuyenera kukhala kochepera 2.5mm, nthawi zambiri 0.5-1.5mm, kuchuluka kosagwirizana kwa chinthu chosefera K80≤2 pamene kuchuluka kwa fluoride m'madzi osaphika kuli kochepera 4mg/L, makulidwe a chinthu chosefera ayenera kukhala opitilira 1.5mm; Pamene kuchuluka kwa fluoride m'madzi osaphika kuli koposa 4mg/L, makulidwe a chinthu chosefera ayenera kukhala opitilira 1.8mm. Pamene PH ya malo olowera madzi ili > 7.0, kuchuluka kwa kusefera nthawi zambiri kumakhala 2-3m/h, ndipo pamene PH ya malo olowera madzi ili kochepera 7.0, kuchuluka kwa kusefera nthawi zambiri kumakhala 6-8m/h, ndipo nthawi yolumikizirana yofanana iyenera kukhala mphindi 20-30. Aluminium sulfate imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chobwezeretsa, chiŵerengero cha mlingo wochotsa fluorine ndi 60:1, ndipo kuchuluka kwa yankho lobwezeretsa ndi 2%-3%. Pa nthawi yobwezeretsa, madzi osaphika ankatsukidwa koyamba kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba ndi mphamvu yotsuka ya 11-12l (s.m2), nthawi yotsuka ya mphindi 5-8 ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 50%. Kenako, yankho la 2% la aluminiyamu sulfate linagwiritsidwa ntchito pobwezeretsa, lomwe linadutsa kuchokera pamwamba kupita pansi ndi mphamvu yosefera ya pafupifupi 0.6m/h ndipo linatenga mphindi 6-8. Pambuyo pobwezeretsa, tsukani ndi madzi ochotsa fluorination. Mphamvu yotsuka inali yofanana ndi yotsuka koyamba ndipo inatenga mphindi 8-10.