Kufotokozera mwachidule mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya alumina
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya aluminiyamu oxide yomwe imadziwikanso kuti alumina yapadera, aluminiyamu oxide yopanda zitsulo kapena aluminiyamu oxide ya mankhwala, aluminiyamu oxide ndi aluminiyamu hydroxide yosiyana kapena zinthu zowonjezera. Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, kapangidwe ka kristalo, kukula kwa tinthu, chiyero, kuuma, digiri ya sintering, ndi zina zotero, zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu yoposa 300. Mtundu wa mitundu yambiri ya alumina ndi wosiyana kwambiri, ina imatha kukhala yolimba ngati safiro, ina imatha kukhala yofewa ngati ufa wa talcum; Ina imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kowoneka kopitilira 3,200kg /m, pomwe ina imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kochepera 3.2kg /m. Zinthu zina zopanda kusungunuka, koma zina zimatha kusungunuka mu asidi ndi maziko, ndi ntchito yayikulu; Madzi ena amatha kukhala ngati mchenga wozungulira, koma ena ndi okhuthala kapena a thixotropic colloid ndipo sangasefedwe; Kapangidwe ka kristalo ndi m'mimba mwake wa kristalo wosiyanasiyana, ena ndi amorphous; Ena ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu yolowetsa madzi, ena alibe mphamvu yolowetsa madzi; Ena ndi othandizira ndipo ena ndi opanda madzi. Komabe, mawonekedwe ofala a Mitundu yonse ya alumina, mwanjira iliyonse, imasinthidwa kukhala alpha alumina ngati itatenthedwa kwa nthawi yayitali kutentha kwambiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya alumina imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chemistry, medicine, catalyst, rabara, pulasitiki, papermaking, filler, pigment ndi madera ena. Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano, msika wa alumina wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ukukulirakulira.
II. Kugawa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya alumina
(I) Mitundu yambiri ya aluminiyamu hydroxide
1. Kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya aluminiyamu hydroxide:
(1) Chodzaza cha aluminiyamu chodziwika bwino, D50 =50 m, 70 m;
(2) Ufa wa alumina hydroxide wabwino, D50 ≤20 m;
(3) Ufa wa aluminiyamu hydroxide (ultrafine aluminiyamu hydroxide), D50 ≤1 m;
(4) Hydroxide yoyera ya aluminiyamu youma, yoyera ≥93%;
(5) Aluminiyamu yoyera kwambiri (agate yopangira ndi marble yopangira), kuyera ≥95%;
(6) Alkali (sodium) aluminiyamu hydroxide yochepa, Na2O+K2O≤0.10%;
(7) Hydroxide ya aluminiyamu yochepa, Fe2O3≤0.005%;
(8) Bauxite woonda kwambiri, wokhala ndi mtundu wa kristalo wa? -alooh ngati bauxite imodzi yamadzi a kristalo 1-2;
(9) Aluminium hydroxide gel, kristalo al2O3.NH2O, gawo lalikulu ndi la mtundu wa kristalo wopanda mawonekedwe.
2. NTCHITO za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya aluminiyamu hydroxide:
(1) Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choletsa moto
Aluminium hydroxide ndi chida chabwino kwambiri chodzaza moto cha mapulasitiki, rabara ndi ma polima ena achilengedwe ndi nsalu. Zipangizo zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu hydroxide monga chodzaza ndi izi: polyester, epoxy, phenolic, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, butyraldehyde rabara, neoprene, silicone rabara ndi chophimba chapamwamba choletsa moto, kapeti yamoto, canvas yamoto, lamba wonyamula moto ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa aluminiyamu hydroxide ndi ufa woyera, mawonekedwe ake enieni ndi mawonekedwe ake a mankhwala ndi okhazikika bwino, palibe chinyezi, palibe kusintha kwa mtundu, palibe poizoni komanso palibe fungo, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumatha kukonzedwa momwe kungafunikire. Kutentha kotentha kukapitirira 200℃, aluminiyamu hydroxide imayamba kuyamwa kutentha ndikuwola, kutulutsa madzi atatu a kristalo. Kutentha kukakwera, liwiro lowonongeka lidzakhala lachangu, motero kuletsa kukwera kwa kutentha kwa polima ndikuchita gawo lozizira, kuchedwa kwa moto ndi kuletsa moto.
(2) Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zodzazira miyala ya agate yopangira zinthu ndi marble yopangira zinthu
Ndi aluminiyamu hydroxide ndi unsaturated polyester resin kapena methacrylate resin, imatha kupanga zinthu zokongoletsera zopangidwa ndi marble ndi agate komanso zinthu zaukhondo. Chifukwa aluminiyamu hydroxide ili ndi refractive index (1.57) yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi polyester resin, zinthu zopangidwa zimapangidwa ndi kuwala kowala komanso kokwanira, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kuwonjezeredwa kuti ipange mapangidwe ndi ma specification osiyanasiyana. Chogulitsachi chilinso ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, opepuka, opanda kuwala, osasweka, osavuta kudula, ndi zina zotero, ndipo chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakadali pano.
(3) Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chodzaza mapepala
Aluminium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chophimba pamwamba, chodzaza ndi pepala losayaka popanga mapepala. Aluminium hydroxide yoyera kwambiri imadziwika ndi kuyera kwambiri, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kufalikira kofanana, ndi mawonekedwe a kristalo wolunjika, ndi zina zotero. Imatha kusintha ufa woyera wa titaniyamu poganizira kuti sichepetsa kuyera kwa pepala ndi kuonekera bwino, kusunga ndalama papepala, kusintha kunyezimira kwa pepala, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito osindikiza.
(4) Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chodzaza mano
Aluminium hydroxide ili ndi mawonekedwe ofooka ndipo ndi ya zinthu zopanda ulusi, kudzaza mano ngati chotsukira mano kumatha kuchotsa bwino dothi pa mano ndi m'kamwa popanda kuwonongeka. Kukula kwa tinthu ta aluminium hydroxide komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotsukira mano nthawi zambiri kumakhala D50 ≤7 m, ndipo kuwonjezera kwa alkali kuyenera kukhala <0.01%.
(5) Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipangizo zopangira mankhwala
Chimodzi mwa zigawo zazikulu za mankhwala am'mimba ndi aluminiyamu hydroxide, yomwe imatha kuletsa asidi wam'mimba ndipo ndi chinthu chabwino chopangira mankhwala am'mimba.
(6) Monga mankhwala opangira mankhwala
Popeza aluminiyamu hydroxide ndi amphoteric compound, imatha kusungunuka mwachangu mu asidi wamphamvu kapena alkali, kotero yakhala chinthu chopangira mchere wambiri wa aluminiyamu. Monga aluminiyamu sulfate ndi alum ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu hydroxide kuti chigwirizane ndi sulfuric acid ndi mchere wake, polyaluminium chloride ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu hydroxide kuti chigwirizane ndi hydrochloric acid, aluminiyamu fluoride ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu hydroxide kuti chigwirizane ndi hydrofluoric acid, ndi zina zotero, ndi aluminiyamu hydroxide (kapena sodium aluminate solution) ngati zinthu zopangira, imatha kupanga ma sieve a 3 a, 4 a, 5 a 13 x molecular, 10 x, ndi Y type.
(2) Alumina yogwira ntchito
Pali mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya alumina yokhala ndi makristalo:,,,,,,, ndi. Mwa kutentha ndi kuyeretsa aluminiyamu hydroxide pa kutentha kosiyanasiyana, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makristalo ya aluminiyamu oxide ingapezeke. Komabe, ngati ikawotchedwa pa kutentha kopitilira 1200℃, mitundu ina ya makristalo ya aluminiyamu oxide pamapeto pake imasinthidwa kukhala -alumina.Alpha - alumina imatchedwa alumina yotentha kwambiri, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti inert alumina, ena asanu ndi awiri a alumina opangidwa ndi makristalo amatchedwa alumina yotsika kutentha, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti activated alumina.
Monga hydrate ya alumina, njira ndi njira yeniyeni yosinthira gawo zimasiyananso kwambiri chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kutentha kokazinga, nthawi yokazinga komanso kugwirizana kwa hydrate. Pamene aluminiyamu hydroxide imachepa mofulumira pa 400-600 ℃, chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwa madzi, kristalo yake imasweka, pamwamba pa kristalo imamasuka, ndipo ma pores ndi ming'alu yambiri imapangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo enaake awonekere akuwonjezeka kwambiri. Alumina yokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino a ma pores, kuchuluka kwa ma pores akuluakulu komanso malo enaake apamwamba imakhala ndi ntchito zambiri. Chothandizira kapena chonyamulira chopangidwa ndi icho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mafuta onunkhira, kusweka kwa hydrocarbon kapena kupanga, kutaya madzi m'thupi, kusungunuka kwa okosijeni, kusungunuka kwa hydrogenation, kusintha, kusungunuka kwa sulfurization, kusungunuka kwa chloritization, kusungunuka kwa fluorination ndi zina zotero. Alumina yoyatsidwa imathanso kukulungidwa m'mabolo kapena kufinyidwa ngati chotsukira ndi choyeretsera cha hygroscopic cha zakumwa ndi mpweya, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poziziritsa, kuumitsa mpweya, kuumitsa kwa zida ndi kusankha kulowetsedwa kwa zinthu zotsalira kapena zodetsa zotsalira m'mafakitale. Kuphatikiza apo, imakhala yolimba, ndi chinthu chopangira zinthu zotsalira za dongo.
(3) Aluminiyamu yopanda mphamvu
Oxyde ya aluminiyamu yopanda mphamvu imatchedwanso aluminium oxide yotentha kwambiri, aluminium hydroxide kapena crystalline aluminium oxide ina yopangidwa ndi 1200℃ kapena kutentha kwambiri -crystalline aluminium oxide. Monga chitsulo oxide, alpha-alumina ili ndi makhalidwe abwino akuthupi komanso a mankhwala. Ili ndi mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa mamolekyulu, crystallization yaying'ono komanso yangwiro, ndipo imatha kupirira kusintha kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Nthawi yomweyo, alpha-alumina ilinso ndi ubwino wa kusungunuka kwakukulu (2050℃), kuuma kwambiri, magwiridwe antchito abwino oteteza kutentha, mphamvu yayikulu yamakina, kukana kukwawa bwino, komanso mphamvu yayikulu yolimbana ndi kutentha komanso kukana kutentha, kotero imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mbali izi:
1.kutsutsa
Chifukwa cha malo ake osungunuka kwambiri, mphamvu zake zabwino kwambiri zamakanika komanso kukana dzimbiri kutentha kwambiri, alpha-alumina imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokana, monga njerwa zokana mullite ndi alumina, njerwa zokana corundum ndi zinthu za corundum, komanso zinthu zokankhira zokana amorphous.
2. Zoumba za alumina zapamwamba
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa -alumina ndi yayikulu, imatha kupanga thupi laling'ono lokhala ndi sintered, komanso kukana kuvala komanso mphamvu yayikulu yamakina, kotero ndiyoyenera kupanga porcelain yosatha, monga kupukutira ndi mipira yosiyanasiyana ya porcelain, nozzle ya sandblast, burashi yamadzi, ndi zina zotero, komanso chifukwa cha kukana kutentha bwino, mphamvu ya kutentha, yoyenera kupanga zida za ceramic. Chifukwa cha kutenthetsa kutentha kwambiri, sodium -alumina yotsika ndi yoyenera kupanga ma spark plugs ndi ma insulators a zida zamagetsi zotentha kwambiri, bolodi lopyapyala lamagetsi lophatikizidwa ndi filimu yopyapyala, zigawo zokhazikika ndi porcelain ina yotenthetsera yapamwamba kwambiri.Alpha-alumina imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zoumba zamatabwa, zoumba zamakampani, zoumba zamagetsi zamagetsi, zida zaukhondo ndi zoumba zamoyo, komanso zoumba zamatabwa, monga njerwa za ceramic zopangidwa ndi alpha-alumina, pansi pa ceramic, ndodo zozungulira za ceramic, mapampu a ceramic, zosefera za ceramic, ndi zina zotero.
3. Zipangizo zowononga (zinthu zosagwira ntchito)
Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwakukulu, alpha-alumina ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zipangizo zopera, zopera ndi zipangizo zosatha. Ngati ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chitsulo, chitsulo chopanda chitsulo, pulasitiki, matabwa kapena ulusi wa matabwa ndi mitundu yonse ya miyala (kuphatikizapo jade) yopera ndi kupukuta, ikhoza kupanga gudumu lopera, chida chotembenuzira ndi zida zina zodulira, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gawo la matabwa ophatikizana komanso zida zina kapena zinthu zachitsulo zomwe zingavale pamwamba.
(4) Alumina woyeretsedwa kwambiri
Aluminium oxide yoyera kwambiri imatanthauza zomwe zili mu AL2O3 > 99.99%, granularity < 1 mu m ufa wa alumina woyera kwambiri, umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popaka zinthu zowonekera bwino za alumina, chonyamulira cha fluorescent, nyali ya sodium yothamanga kwambiri, zida zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala zapamwamba, fupa lochita kupanga, substrate ya semiconductor (C), zinthu zodzaza tepi yojambulira, super filter medium, zida zapamwamba kwambiri zovunda, zoumba zapadera, zida zodulira, zoumba zoyera kwambiri, kuzungulira mzere, cholinga chowombera, chubu cha ng'anjo, zida zopakira, zida za kristalo imodzi, miyala yopangira, ndi zina zotero.; Ikhoza kusintha kukhuthala, kutha, kutopa kozizira ndi kutentha, kulimba kwa fracture ndi kukana kukwawa kwa zoumba. Ikhoza kusintha kukana kwa zinthu zamamolekyu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa pulasitiki, kulimbitsa mphira ndi kuuma, zodzaza zophimba zoteteza kutentha kwambiri komanso zodzaza zodzikongoletsera zapamwamba; Nthawi yomweyo, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chothandizira komanso chonyamulira chothandizira m'mafakitale a petrochemical ndi feteleza, ukadaulo wa laser ngati zopangira magalasi a laser neodymium ndi zida za ruby laser, ngati zipangizo zotenthetsera zapamwamba mumakampani opanga magetsi, ndege. Makampani, monga mankhwala pamwamba pa ndege zam'mlengalenga, maroketi ndi ma satellite opanga, ndi zina zotero. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa anthu komanso chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo, gawo logwiritsira ntchito alumina yoyera kwambiri komanso yopyapyala kwambiri likukulanso, ndipo chiyembekezo cha msika ndi chabwino kwambiri.
(5) Corundum
Galasi la alumina lopangidwa mwachilengedwe limatchedwa corundum, lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha zinthu zodetsedwa zosiyanasiyana. Lili ndi kuwala kwa galasi kapena diamondi, ndi kuchuluka kwa 3.9-4.1g /cm3 ndi kuuma kwa 8.8. Corundum yachilengedwe imatchedwanso miyala yamtengo wapatali. Amene ali ndi chromium oxide yochepa mu kristalo ndi ruby, omwe ali ndi zinthu zodetsedwa zochepa zachitsulo ndi titaniyamu ndi safiro, ndipo omwe ali ndi zinthu zodetsedwa zochepa zachitsulo ndi cobalt ndi emerald.
Mphamvu ya corundum yachilengedwe m'chilengedwe ndi yochepa kwambiri, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokongoletsa. Corundum yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zopangira mafakitale imapangidwa mwaluso. Pali mitundu iwiri ya corundum yopangira: corundum yosakanikirana ndi corundum yopangidwa mwaluso. Pali mitundu yambiri iyi:
1. Corundum yosakanikirana
Alumina yosakanikirana makamaka imakhala ndi alumina yoyera yosakanikirana ndi alumina yofiirira yosakanikirana.
Corundum yoyera yosakanikirana imapangidwa kuchokera ku alumina ya mafakitale ndipo imasungunuka mu uvuni wa arc pa kutentha kwakukulu kuposa 2000℃. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a kuyera kwambiri, kuyera kwambiri, kuuma kwambiri, kudziwongolera bwino kwambiri, mphamvu yamphamvu yopera, kutentha kochepa, kukana dzimbiri, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukhazikika bwino kwa kutentha ndi zina zotero. Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zipangizo zamakono zopera ndi kupukuta, zida zopera zopangidwa kuchokera ku iyo, kupera chitsulo cha kaboni wambiri ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri; Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga nkhungu yopyapyala komanso yolondola, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zapadera zadothi ndi zankhondo, zamagetsi ndi zina zamakono; Corundum yopangidwa kuchokera ku alumina yoyera kwambiri ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati miyala yamtengo wapatali yopangira.
Corundum ya bulauni, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti emery, imapangidwa ndi bauxite, anthracite ndi chitsulo chotsalira posungunula kutentha kwambiri kuposa 2000℃ mu uvuni wamagetsi. Mtundu wake ndi bulauni.
Corundum yofiirira imadziwika ndi kuuma pang'ono, kuchuluka kwa mulu wambiri, kupangika bwino kwa makristalo, kukulitsa kotsika kwa mzere, kulimba bwino komanso kukana dzimbiri, ndi zina zotero. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zophulitsira mchenga, zopukutira, zodzaza, zosefera, zida zodulira, zopindika, zopukutira, zopukutira ndi zoumba.
2. Corundum yopangidwa ndi sintered
Corundum yopangidwa ndi alumina bauxite yopangidwa ndi mafakitale kapena yoyera kwambiri ngati zopangira, yopangidwa ndi zinthu zopukutira zabwino kapena thupi, mu kutentha kwa 1750-1900 ℃ kutentha kwambiri, ndipo ili ndi chinsinsi chachikulu, porosity yochepa, tirigu wokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu, kukana kutentha kwambiri kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana kukokoloka kwa slag, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zotsutsana komanso zowononga.
3. Tabular corundum
Corundum ya mbale ndi mtundu wa ufa wa aluminiyamu oxide wokhala ndi chiyero chachikulu, womwe umaphwanyidwa koyamba, kuponderezedwa ndi kuumitsa ndikusungunuka ndi calcium pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa 1850-1950℃. Imapangidwa ndi mbale yopangidwa bwino ndi kapangidwe ka kristalo kakang'ono kokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi chiyero chachikulu, kukhazikika bwino kwa voliyumu, kuchepa pang'ono pambuyo pokonzanso komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Corundum ya mbale imapangidwa makamaka ndi sintering, komanso ndi kusungunuka kwamagetsi.
6) mchere wa aluminiyamu
Mchere wa aluminiyamu umatanthauza zinthu zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu. Mchere wochepa wa aluminiyamu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi womwe wafotokozedwa pano.
1. Aluminiyamu sulfate
Aluminium sulfate ili ndi aluminium sulfate ndi polyaluminum sulfate, aluminium ammonium sulfate (ammonium alum), aluminium sulfate potaziyamu (alum kapena potassium alum), nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi sulfuric acid ndi aluminium hydroxide kapena bauxite, kaolin, phulusa la ntchentche ndi zina zomwe zimapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu. Aluminium sulfate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati reagent yamafakitale, flocculant, chothandizira kuchiza madzi, kupanga mapepala, ndi zina zotero, komanso imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mankhwala ena okhala ndi aluminiyamu. Polyaluminum sulfate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi pamwamba; Alum ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chofufumitsa, chothandizira kuletsa komanso choletsa madzi kuti adye. Alum imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala achi China ndi ufa wophikira. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mapepala, kujambula komanso ngati choletsa madzi kulowa m'madzi.
2. Aluminiyamu kolorayidi
Aluminium chloride ndi polyaluminum chloride (aluminium sol) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu carbonate ya aluminiyamu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakonzedwa ndi hydrochloric acid ndi aluminiyamu yachitsulo, aluminiyamu hydroxide kapena mchere wokhala ndi aluminiyamu. Aluminium chloride ndi polyaluminum chloride ndi mtundu wa chotsukira madzi chomwe chili ndi mtengo wotsika komanso zotsatira zabwino, ndipo chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati kukula kwa pepala, kuyeretsa shuga, kupanga molding, nsalu yotsutsana ndi makwinya, chonyamulira chothandizira, chomangira, kuyeretsa mankhwala, kukhazikitsa simenti mwachangu, zopangira zodzikongoletsera, ndi zina zotero.
3. Aluminium fluoride ndi sodium fluoride
Aluminium fluoride ndi sodium fluoaluminate ndi mchere waukulu wa fluoride. Aluminium fluoride imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chosinthira mu electrolytic aluminiyamu refinering medium. Ndi ufa woyera wokhala ndi singano ngati crystallization. Njira yopangira aluminiyamu fluoride imakhala ndi njira yonyowa komanso njira youma. Chifukwa cha zofunikira zoteteza chilengedwe, njira yonyowa imachotsedwa ndipo njira youma imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga. Njira yopangira aluminiyamu fluoride youma imaphatikizapo njira yozungulira ya bedi losungunuka ya Luqi Company ku Germany, njira ya bedi losungunuka ya Booth Company ku Switzerland ndi njira ya HF synthesis ALF3 ya uvuni wotentha wamkati ndi wakunja wa Pincnair Company ku France. Njira youma ndi kupanga calcium sulfate (gypsum) ndi mpweya wa HF pogwiritsa ntchito fluorite ndi sulfuric acid, kenako kupanga aluminiyamu fluoride pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa HF ndi aluminium hydroxide pambuyo pa madzi. Pamene chomera cha feteleza cha phosphate chikupanga aluminiyamu fluoride, njira yonyowa ya kampani ya Austrian Linz, yoyamba ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za fluorosilicic acid solution preheating, kenako mu thanki yosakanikirana ndi aluminium hydroxide (kapena bauxite slurry) pa kutentha kwina, aluminiyamu fluoride ndi silica (precipitation); Komanso ingagwiritsidwe ntchito madzi a ammonia ndi fluorosilicic acid reaction, kupanga ammonium fluoride ndi silica gel (precipitation), kenako ndi yankho la ammonium fluoride ndi aluminiyamu hydroxide pansi pa kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwina, kupanga aluminiyamu fluoride.
Sodium fluoroaluminate (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti cryolite) ndi fluoride yovuta, nthawi zambiri imakhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono toyera kapena ufa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu aluminiyamu yamagetsi ngati chosungunulira. Njira yopangira sodium fluoroaluminate imaphatikizapo njira ya soda fluoroaluminate, yomwe poyamba imagwira ntchito ndi hydrofluoric acid ndi aluminium hydroxide kuti ipange fluoroaluminate, kenako imagwira ntchito ndi soda kuti ipange sodium fluoroaluminate (cryolite).
4. Mchere wina wa aluminiyamu
Aluminium nitrate ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chothandizira kupanga zinthu zachilengedwe, mordant mumakampani osindikizira ndi utoto, chomaliza chikopa, ndi zina zotero, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu kapena aluminiyamu hydroxide ndi nitric acid.
Aluminium phosphate ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Nthawi zambiri imakonzedwa powotcha ufa wosakaniza wa aluminiyamu ndi phosphorous wofiira.
Ma sieve a mamolekyu a mndandanda wa aluminium phosphate ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu yosinthira ma ion komanso ntchito yothandiza ndipo amakonzedwa ndi momwe aluminium hydroxide ndi phosphoric acid zimachitikira.
Aluminium dihydrogen tripolyphosphate ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pigment yoletsa kuwononga, adsorbent (deodorant), ethylene kukhala ethanol catalyst, nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku metal aluminium kapena aluminium hydroxide reaction ndi phosphoric acid.
Silicate ya aluminiyamu yopyapyala kwambiri ndi ufa woyera kwambiri wopanda mawonekedwe komanso wonyezimira bwino. Umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popaka utoto, chikopa, kusindikiza ndi kupaka utoto, inki yosindikizira, kupanga mapepala, pulasitiki, rabara ndi zina kuphatikiza ndi utoto wina (ufa woyera wa titanium). Silicate ya aluminiyamu yopyapyala ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chothandizira kuti mpweya wa methanol usawonongeke kuti upange dimethyl ether. Silicate ya aluminiyamu wamba ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu zotetezera kutentha. Silicate ya aluminiyamu nthawi zambiri imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito galasi lamadzi ndi sulfate ya aluminiyamu.
Aluminiyamu borate kristalo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pulasitiki, chitsulo, ceramic, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi aluminiyamu okusayidi ndi boron kapena boron oxide, ndipo kutentha kwambiri kumakhudza kusungunuka, komwe kumathanso kulowetsedwa mu mpweya wa aluminiyamu fluoride ndi boron oxide, ndipo aluminiyamu borate crystal imapangidwa.
(vii) mitundu ina yambiri ya alumina ndi zinthu zina zowonjezerera
Mtundu wina wa alumina uli ndi aluminiyamu yokhala ndi carbonated, aluminiyamu oxide fiber, aluminiyamu oxide film, SB powder, kuphatikiza aluminium gallium alloy shot, trimethyl-aluminium ndi organic aluminium zina ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba. Ulusi wa alumina umapangidwa ndi ulusi wa -Al2O3 single crystal, ulusi wautali wa -Al2O3, ulusi waufupi wa -Al2O3, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chitsulo, pulasitiki, rabara, ceramic reinforcement material, refractory insulation material ndi refractory material for rocket launch trajectory, oil-water emulsion, oil-water mixture ndi glue liquid leating and filtration material, komanso umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati catalyst catalyst for hydrocarbon transformation. Ufa wa SB ndi chinthu chopangira hydrogenation catalyst ndi zinthu zina zapamwamba kwambiri. Alumina ndi hydrogen zimapangidwa ndi mphamvu yamphamvu ya ma pellets a aluminiyamu-gallium alloy m'madzi, yomwe ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira hydrogen yamagalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi hydrogen mtsogolo. Trimethyl aluminiyamu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati olefin polymerization catalyst, rocket fuel ndi zinthu zopangira trimethyl gallium.
Miyala ya Bauxite ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu zotsutsa, zotsukira madzi, zotsukira mafuta, corundum yofiirira ndi simenti ya alumina yambiri, ufa wa calcium aluminate kapena simenti ya calcium aluminate, ndi zina zotero, ndipo aluminiyamu-silicon alloy ingathenso kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yamagetsi yotenthetsera.
Matope ofiira opangidwa ndi alumina angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chotsukira ndi chowongolera nthaka pamagetsi opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito malasha. Sodium ikachotsedwa, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga simenti, zipangizo za pakhoma, ceramsite, ndi zina zotero. Kuchokera mu matope ofiirawo ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kutulutsa ufa wa chitsulo, scandium yosowa, bismuth ndi zitsulo zina zamtengo wapatali.
Zinthu zapakati za aluminiyamu oxide, sodium aluminate yamadzimadzi ndi sodium aluminate yolimba (sintered clinker), zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati konkriti accelerator kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga accelerator; Gallium, vanadium ndi zitsulo zina zamtengo wapatali zimatha kupezedwa ndikuchotsedwa mu mowa wapakati wopangidwa ndi alumina.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-15-2020