Ko ngā momo matū e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā matatini karāhe ka kiia katoatia ko ngā rauemi mata karāhe. Ko te rauemi mata matua e pā ana ki te rauemi mata e whakauru ana i ngā momo waikura ki roto i te karāhe hei hanga i te tinana matua o te hanganga karāhe, e whakatau ana i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū taketake o te karāhe. Ko ngā rauemi mata matua ko te onepu quartz, te feldspar, te limestone, te dolomite, te pungarehu houra me ētahi atu. Ko ēnei rauemi mata e tukuna ana i roto i te paura i tēnei wā. (1) Ngā rauemi mata o te silica Ko ngā rauemi mata matua o te silica ko te onepu silica (e mōhiotia ana ko te onepu quartz), ka taea te wehewehe ki te onepu silica tūturu me te onepu silica tukatuka i runga i tōna āhua o nāianei i roto i te taiao. Nā te uaua o tōna tukanga hanganga, he maha ngā wā ka rerekē te hanganga matū o te onepu silica tūturu, engari he rite tonu te tohatoha rahi o te matūriki. Mō te kounga o te onepu silica tūturu, me aro ki te whakahaere i te hanganga matū, te rerekētanga o te hanganga me te taumaha o te kohuke ātete. Ko te hanganga matū te mea nui hei whakahaere i te ihirangi o Fez 03, ā, ka whakarōpūtia, ka whakamahia hoki i runga i tōna kounga. Ko te whakarōpūtanga kounga o te onepu silica kei roto i te ripanga 2-16.2) te tukatuka o te onepu silica. Ko te tukatuka o te onepu silica he toka quartz, he onepū rānei mā te tukanga tukatuka me te whakaputa rauemi mata siliceous. Nā te mea he teitei ake te parakore o te kohatu quartzite, onepū rānei, he iti ake, he pumau hoki te ihirangi poke, he teitei ake, he pumau hoki te taumata o te onepu silica i hangaia mā te tukatuka. Heoi, mai i te kohatu quartzite, onepū rānei ki te onepu silica e wātea ana me te rahi o te witi, he uaua ki te whakahaere i te rahi o te witi, nō reira he nui te utu. Ko te onepu silica te tikanga tukatuka mā te tikanga mākū, me te ihirangi makuku. Ko te onepu silica te rauemi tino uaua ki te rewa. Ko te rahi o te matūriki, te tohatoha rahi o te matūriki me te āhua o te matūriki he pānga nui ki te whakaranu, te rewa me te whakakotahitanga o te hiato. Ko te whakaiti i te rahi o te matūriki he pai ki te rewa o te karāhe, engari ko te pai ake te pai. Ka noho te paura onepu silica nā te mea he tautau, he āputa kirikiri kei roto i te maha o ngā mirumiru moroiti i puta mai i te uaua rewa, i te wa ano. I ētahi wā, ka taea te puta wawe mai o te paura onepū silica, ā, ka puta he puranga rauemi pēnei i te konutai, te konupūmā, te konupora hei tauhohenga hei whakaputa i te matotoru rewa tuatahi, te matotoru, ka ngāwari te take o te paparanga rauemi oumu i roto i te kaupapa, ka puta ai ētahi atu rauemi mata ātete i roto i te puranga. He pai ake te āhua o ngā kirikiri onepū me te āhua koki, nā te mea he nui te āhua koki o te mata, ā, he uaua ki te paparanga ngā whai wāhitanga whakapā rere, i roto i te tukanga whakaranu, ka kawe. Me tirotiro me te whakaae te onepū silica i roto i te rohe keri. Me whakahaere te ihirangi makuku o te onepū silica i raro i te 8% i te wā e hangaia ana te konganuku, me raro i te 5% i te wā e utaina ana te onepū ki roto i te awheawhe. Ko te uara o te pikinga o te makuku he 0.4%. E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 2-17 i ngā whakaritenga kounga o ngā rauemi mata siliceous.(2) ko te ihirangi o te A12 03 i roto i te karāhe pounamu noa he 2.0% ~ 5.0%. Ko ngā pounamu karāhe rauemi ma teitei o te A12 03 he mea hanga nui ki te alumina me te konumohe hauwai hei hopu, engari he iti ake te whakaritenga kounga o te karāhe ipu me te karāhe tae, ka taea hoki te whiriwhiri ki te whakamahi i te konutai feldspar, te pāhare pāporo feldspar, te konupūmā feldspar rānei hei kukume i te whakamahinga o te feldspar whakamiharo A120 3 i te wa ano, ko ngā wāhanga o te feldspar Naz O, K2 0 rānei ka taea te whakakapi i tetahi wāhanga o te pungarehu houra, he pai ki te pūnaha rewa karāhe. Heoi, he teitei ake te ihirangi o te rino i roto i te feldspar whānui, he iti iho i te 0.1% o te Fe2 03 o te iti rawa, nō reira ka taea anake te whakamahi mō te pounamu whānui me te karāhe kēne, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi mō te pounamu me te karāhe kēne kounga teitei. E ai ki tōna hanganga matū rerekē, ka taea te wehewehe i te Feldspar kia whā ngā momo pāhare pākawa pāhare pākawa, pāhare konutai, pāhare konupūmā, pāhare pākawa barium. I roto i te taiao, he iti noa ngā putunga takitahi o ngā pāhare e whā, ko te nuinga he mea whakaranu ki ētahi atu kohuke i roto i ngā ōwehenga rerekē. Kei te Ripanga 2-18 ngā whakaritenga kounga mō ngā rauemi pāhare.(3) Ko te Na20, te rauemi mata o te konutai waikura, he rere pai mō te karāhe. Nō reira, ko te ihirangi o te Na20 i roto i te hanganga matū o ngā pounamu karāhe me ngā kēne he hononga tata ki ngā āhuatanga rewa o te karāhe, ko te nuinga kei roto i te awhe o te 14% ~ 16% i tēnei wā. Ko te Na2 0 i roto i te karāhe pounamu ka whakaurua nuitia e te pungarehu houra. Ko te pungarehu houra he momo rauemi mata matū, ko tōna wāhanga matua ko te Naz C03. Ka wehea te pungarehu houra ki te houra tioata (Na2 C03·10H20) me te houra kua whakapūkaratia (Naz C03). Ko te nuinga o te pungarehu houra e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga karāhe he houra kua whakapūkaratia, kāore he wai tioata, i hangaia mā te tikanga haukini kawakawa. He paura mā te pungarehu houra kua whakapūkaratia, he ngāwari ki te wairewa i roto i te wai, he ngāwari ki te mimiti i te wai i te rangi, ā, ka ngawari te mimiti, ka hangai, me penapena ki roto i te whare putunga maroke. Ko te pungarehu houra tētahi o ngā mea nui e pā ana ki te utu o te karāhe. Me pai ake te kawakawa taumaha mō te karāhe pounamu. Ki te whakatauritea ki te kawakawa māmā, he pai te wetewete o te kawakawa taumaha, te waiora, te iti o te rere me te paparanga, ka taea te whakapai ake i te ōritetanga me te tere rewa o te matū. Engari kāore e taea e ngā matūriki pungarehu houra matotoru rawa te mahi tahi me ētahi atu rauemi ātete i roto i te rauemi te āwhina i te pānga hanumi, ka hua ake he kore ōritetanga ki te ranunga o te rauemi tonu, ka pā ki te kounga o te rewa me te whakamārama o te karāhe, nō reira, he pai te whānuitanga rahi matūriki o te 0.22 ~ 0.42 mm. Me waiho te pungarehu houra ki roto i te wāhi mō te wā roa, he maha ngā wā kei roto ko te 5% ~ 8% wai, ā, me whakatau wawe te makuku ina whakamahia. Ko te whakakorikori o te pungarehu houra i te wā e rewa ana te karāhe he 0.5% ~ 3.2%. He maha ngā wā he iti noa te Nacl kei roto i te pungarehu houra kua whakakōhuatia, nā te mea he tino kaha te Cl, he tino kino te memeha o te ātete. He nui te nui o te pungarehu houra, ā, kua arohia e te umanga te kohikohinga o te Cl i roto i te wai karāhe i ngā wā tata nei. (4) he rite te mahi a te pāhare pākawa (K20) i roto i te karāhe ki te mahi a te Na20. I roto i te hanga karāhe pounamu me te kēne, ka whakamahia he iti o te K20 hei whakakapi i tētahi wāhanga iti o te Na20, ka taea te whakanui ake i te taupū whakaata o te karāhe me te whakapai ake i te kanapa me te whakawhiti o ngā hua. He pai ake te pumau matū o ngā waikura kawakore e rua i roto i te karāhe i tērā o te waikura kawakore kotahi. I roto i te ōwehenga o ngā mea e rua, he wāhi tino pai, ko te āhuatanga ko. Te pānga turanga whakauru. He nui ake te pānga o te K20 ki te tauwehenga whānui wera o te karāhe i tērā o te Na20. Nō reira, i te wā e whakakapia ana tētahi wāhanga o te Na20 ki te K20, me whai whakaaro ki te awe ki te tauwehenga whānui wera o te karāhe. Ko te K20 i roto i te karāhe pounamu ka whakaurua i te nuinga o te wā mā te whakawera i te pāhare pākawa waro. Ina rewa te pāhare pākawa waro i roto i te karāhe, ko te ngaronga o te K20 he tata ki te 12% o tōna ake taumaha. Ko ngā whakaritenga kounga mō te pāhare pākawa waro ko: K2 C03 iti iho i te 96%, na2040.2%, KCI+K2 S04 43.5%, kore wairewa < 0.3%, wai -3%. He nui ake te utu o te pāhare pākawa i te pungarehu houra, nā te mea, i waho o te pounamu me te kēne karāhe he whakaritenga motuhake, ko te nuinga o ngā pounamu me te kēne karāhe kāore e whakamahi i te pāhare pākawa hei utu tika i te pāhare pākawa waro, engari ka tangohia te pāhare pākawa waro me te feldspar.(5) Ko te whakaurunga o te rauemi mata o te konupūmā waikura ko te konupūmā waikura (Ca0) ki roto i te karāhe te mahi matua o te whakaū, arā, ka whakanui ake i te pumau matū me te kaha miihini o te karāhe, engari ki te nui rawa te ihirangi, ka taea te whakanui ake i te ia o te tioata karāhe, ā, ka ngawari te pakaru o te karāhe. Ko te ihirangi Cao i roto i te karāhe pounamu noa he 7% ~ 11%, ko te tikanga kāore e neke atu i te 12.5%. Ka taea e te Cao i te pāmahana teitei te whakaiti i te matotoru o te karāhe, te whakatairanga i te rewa me te whakamārama. o te karāhe engari ina heke te pāmahana, ka tere te piki o te matotoru, ka uaua te hanga, nō reira, me whakaaro ki te nui o te Cao i roto i te karāhe, me te whakaaro ki te awe o Cao ki ngā āhuatanga o te karāhe, me whakaaro hoki ki te tikanga hanga karāhe me ētahi atu āhuatanga. Me tere te whakauru i te karāhe he nui te āhua Cao ki roto i te oumu whakamahana, ki te kore ka ngawari te pakaru o te hua. Ina whakarewahia te karāhe konutai-konupūmā, he pai ake te whakatata atu ki te 21 me te Na0Ca0. Ko ngā rauemi mata matua e whakamahia ana i roto i te karāhe ipu ko te toka kōhatu, te konupūmā me te uku. Ko te toka kōhatu kei roto ko te Fez 03 40.015% e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga taputapu me ngā rauemi mā. Ko te toka kōhatu kei roto ko te Fez 03 iti iho i te 0.04% e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga karāhe tae. Me whakahaere te nui o te wai o te kōhatu i raro iho i te 1%. Mēnā e hiahiatia ana kia tino kaha te nui o te waikura rino i roto i te hanganga o te karāhe, ka taea te whakakapi ki te calcite, he tino parakore ake i te kōhatu, engari he nui ake te utu. (6) ko te nui o te waikura konupora (Mgo) i roto i te hanganga matū o ngā pounamu karāhe me ngā kēne he iti iho i te 2%. Mēnā ka whakamahia te Mgo wāhanga hei whakakapi i te Cao wāhanga, ka taea te whakanui ake i te matotoru ina teitei te pāmahana o te wai vitreous, ka taea te whakaroa i te tere o te whakapakeketanga o te vitreous, ka roa te ira, ka whakapai ake i te āhua o te vitreous me te whakaiti i tōna āhua tioata, ka taea e te konupūmā, te konupora me te 2 valence alkaline earth metal oxide te whakapai ake i te pumau matū o te vitreous, ka ārai i te hua kia taka ki te taiao haukū mō te wā roa. Te haukū. Te āhuatanga. I te nuinga o te wā, me whakahaere te nui o te whakakapinga i raro iho i te 3%, ko te nui o te whakakapinga he nui ake i te 3%, ka pā ki te rewa me te hanganga o te karāhe. I whakaarohia i mua ko te dolomite me te kōhatu o ngā matūriki pai ka rewa, engari me te hohonu haere o te rangahau mō te tikanga o I roto i te puranga karāhe pāmahana teitei, ka kitea he matūriki dolomite interloper e piri ana ki ngā matūriki silica nui, ka ārai i te onepu ki te whai wāhi ki te tauhohenga, i te mea ko ngā matūriki toka kōhatu matotoru i te tīmatanga o te tauhohenga silicate kāore i mākūhia e te wāhanga tuatahi, ka taea e te wai tuatahi te maeneene i roto i ngā āputa i waenga i te dolomite witi nui, te toka kōhatu, te onepu silica hei mākū i te karapoti, ka whakanui ake i te tere tauhohenga silicate. Heoi, i te wāhanga o muri mai, ko ngā hau i tukuna e tō rātou pirau tere me te rewa ka whai hua ki te whakamārama me te whakakotahitanga o te wai karāhe. Kua kitea, ina piki ake ngā matūriki o ngā mea e rua ki te 2.5mm, ka tino pai ake ngā āhuatanga rewa me te whakamārama o te karāhe, ā, ina nui ake te rahi o te matūriki i te 3mm, ka tino heke ngā āhuatanga rewa me te whakamārama o te karāhe. Nō reira, me whakahaere te rohe o runga o ngā matūriki dolomite me te kōhatu i roto i tētahi whānuitanga. I tēnei wā, ko te whakamahinga o te kōhatu dolomite nui ake he au. I roto i te whakaputanga tūturu, i te tatau i te tātai karāhe, ka whakamahia te dolomite hei whakauru i te Mgo, ā, ko te wāhanga kāore i te rawaka o te Cao ka tāpirihia ki te kōhatu, ki te calcite rānei. Mena kāore he Cao i roto i te hanganga karāhe, kāore e taea te whakamahi i te dolomite hei kukume i te Mgo i roto i te karāhe, me whiriwhiri te konupora waro hei kukume i te Mg0. Ko ngā whakaritenga kounga mō te dolomite ko Mg0≥20%, Cao < 32%, Fe2O3 < 0.15%.(7) Ko te whakaurunga o te rauemi mata o te barium oxide (Bao) hei karāhe me te Cao me te Mgo he rite tonu, engari he pai te kanapa o te karāhe kei roto te barium me te Cao, he nui te 'tohu matotoru', ko te tikanga i roto i te pounamu tae o te karāhe he 0.5% ~ 1% Bao hei whakapai ake i te kanapa o te karāhe. Ka taea e Bao te whakatere i te rewa, te whakamārama me te aukati i te tioata karāhe, engari ina nui rawa te horopeta, nā te puta o te tauhohenga 2Ba0 1002 2Ba02, he uaua te whakamārama karāhe, ā, he nui ake te horo o ngā rauemi para me ngā rauemi ātete. Ko te barium sulfate taiao (BaS04) e mōhiotia ana ko te barite, kei roto i te BaS04 he nui ngā rerekētanga, ā, he nui hoki te ihirangi poke, ka whakamahia anake mō te kounga o te karāhe kāore i te teitei. BaS04 Ahumahi e whakamahia ana i roto i te karāhe opacities fluorine me te karāhe jade rūpahu i roto i te karāhe pounamu, ka puta he pānga opacities ngoikore o te karāhe. Engari ka tupu tēnei ina nui rawa te whakamahi. Karāhe wai., ki ngā rauemi ātete, te para, te hanga me te kounga hua hei kawe mai i te raupapa o ngā pānga kino. I roto i te hanga karāhe pounamu me te kēne, ka whakauruhia te Bao e te barium carbonate ahumahi. Hei tāpiri, he paitini ngā rauemi mata kei roto i te barium, me aro ki te tiaki i roto i te mahi puranga. Ko ngā whakaritenga kounga mō te barium carbonate ahumahi ko Bac03 97%, Fe2 03 40.1% me te waikawa kore-rewa 3%.
Wā tuku: 14 Paenga-whāwhā 2020