He rerekē te alumina matū, e ai ki te paerewa ahumahi konganuku kore-whakarewa YS/ tana 619-2007 "momo alumina matū me te ingoa waitohu", e ai ki te hanganga matū o te alumina matū kua wehea ki ngā kāwai e 5: te raupapa hauwai konumohe, te raupapa waikura konumohe motuhake, te raupapa alumina angiangi tata, te raupapa zeolite me te raupapa sima konupūmā aluminate.
Ināianei, kei roto hoki i te wāhanga o te matū alumina te polyaluminium chloride, te sodium silicate, te tote fluoride me ētahi atu tote konumohe, te sodium aluminate, te gallium me ngā matū gallium, tetahi wāhanga o ngā uku alumina me ngā mea whakakāhore corundum.
I te tau 1910, i hangaia, i hokona hoki e Alcoa te puranga tuatahi o te alumina kua whakapūkaratia i te ao, koinei te rauemi mata mō te hanga o ngā mea whakakoi korundum mā.
Ko te alumina matū he momo hua, he uara tāpiri teitei, he ihirangi hangarau teitei, he whānuitanga me te whānui o ngā mara tono, he utu pumau, he hoa taiao, nō reira, kua noho hei peka tino nui o te umanga konumohe.
He maha ngā whenua o te ao kua nui te haumi ki te whanaketanga o te umanga matū alumina. I mua ko Alcoa te kaihanga matū alumina nui rawa atu o te ao, me ngā umanga whakaputa e 24, e kapi ana i ngā whenua me ngā rohe nui katoa o te ao, e whakaputa ana i te neke atu i te 220 momo me te neke atu i te 1000k tana ia. Kātahi ka nekehia te pereti matū alumina ki te kamupene anmai o Hōrana.
Ko Hapani te whenua kaha rawa atu o te ao mō te hanga alumina matū, te kai, tata ki te 1000 mano tāra te putanga, 2012 tāne te rahi, ā, kei te piki haere tonu te whānuitanga, ko te momo te mea nui rawa atu o te ao. Kāore a Hapani e hanga alumina kounga whakarewa, engari kua kitea te tauine i roto i te hanga matū o te alumina, te whakaputanga, te pūtaiao me te hangarau teitei, te tiaki taiao me te whakatikatika utu, engari ko te hua hei whakatutuki i te hiahia o te whare, kua eke ki te 25% o ngā kaweake. Neke atu i te 85% o te hanga alumina matū a Hapani e hangaia ana e te umanga matū sumitomo, showa denko me ngā konganuku māmā o Hapani.
I te tau 1940 pea, i whakahaerehia e te Hononga o Amerika, Hapani me Ūropi he rangahau matū alumina i runga i te tauine nui, tae noa ki te tekau tau atu i 1970, i roto i ētahi whenua ahumahi kua whakawhanakehia i ngā whenua ke kua tino whanake.
E ai ki ngā tatauranga o te International Assembly Industry Association, i te tau 1975, ko te tapeke o te alumina i ngā whenua o te uru he tata ki te 20344k tana, ko te hanga alumina matū he 1699k tana, e 8.3% o te tapeke o te putanga; I te tau 2000, ko te tapeke o te putanga alumina o te ao he tata ki te 51200k tana, ko te putanga alumina matū he 4800k tana, e 9.4% o te tapeke o te putanga. I te tau 2008, ko te putanga o te ao o te alumina karaehe whakarewa he 60496k tana, ā, ko te alumina matū he 4638k tana, e 7.12% o te tapeke o te putanga. I te tau 2012, ko te tapeke o te putanga o te alumina o te ao he 95,705k tana, ā, ko te putanga o te alumina matū he 85,80k tana, e 9% o te tapeke o te putanga. Mai i te tau 2008 ki te 2012, ko te tere tipu toharite ā-tau o te alumina matū o te ao he 16.6%, tata ki te 11 ōrau teitei ake i te tere tipu ā-tau toharite o te konumohe tuatahi.
I tīmata te umanga matū alumina o Haina i te mutunga o te wā. I te tau 1961 pea, hei whakaoti i te korenga o ngā rauemi mata i roto i te umanga hikohiko, i whakawhanakehia tuatahitia e te wheketere konumohe Shandong (e mōhiotia ana ināianei ko Shandong Aluminum Industry Co., LTD.) te alumina iti-konutai, ā, i tīmata te rangahau, te whakawhanake me te hanga o te matū alumina ki Haina.
I ngā tau 1970, hei whakatutuki i te hiahia mō ngā matū alumina i roto i te hinu, te matū, ngā mea whakakā, ngā uku, ngā rongoā, te tiaki taiao, ngā patu, te rererangi me ētahi atu ahumahi, kua whakawhanakehia, kua whakaputahia hoki te alumina whakahohe, te tango i te arsenic fluoride alumina, te hauwai konumohe rino iti, te alumina parakore teitei, ngā uku me te alpha Al2O3, te rehu ki te alumina me ētahi atu momo hua hou e 24.
I ngā tau 1980, i uru te hanga alumina matū o Haina ki tētahi wā tere o te whanaketanga, ā, i puta tonu mai ngā hua hou. I raro i te maru o te Zhengzhou Light Metal Research Institute, te Shandong Aluminum Industry Co., Ltd. me te China Great Wall Aluminum Industry Co., Ltd., tata ki te 60 ngā raina hanga alumina motuhake i hangaia. I roto i te maha o ngā umanga alumina nui i ngā rohe huri noa, kua hangaia he puranga hanga alumina matū a ngā umanga tūmataiti, e whakamahi ana i ngā rauemi mata o te kāinga, o te kawemai rānei, hei hanga i ngā momo alumina matū.
He whenua nui a Haina ki te whakaputa alumina, he nui ake te hangarau whakaputa e whakamahia ana i tētahi atu whenua, he ngāwari ki te whakatinana i te raina peka o te whakaputa alumina matū mā te tāpiri i te tukanga hangarau, inā koa ko te hauwai konumohe i hangaia e te tukanga sintering, he mā te taiao.
I muri i te neke atu i te 50 tau o te whanaketanga, he nui te awe o te umanga matū alumina o Haina i roto i ngā mākete o te whare me te ao, ā, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana hoki ngā whakakī hauwai konumohe me ētahi atu hua i te mākete o te ao.
Heoi, ki te whakaritea ki te United States, Tiamana, Hapani, te alumina matū o Haina ahakoa te kounga o te hua, ngā momo, me te tauine whakaputa he āputa nui, ko te take matua he iti te hangarau me te taputapu whakaputa, kāore i te rawaka te rangahau ariā taketake, ngoikore te kaha auaha, me te whanaketanga mākete.
Wā tuku: Maehe-02-2020