He maha ngā mahi a te paura hauwai konumohe tino pai rawa atu, pērā i te ārai mura, te tango paowa me te whakakī, ā, ka taea te whakaputa i te pānga ārai mura tahi me te whākawa me ētahi atu matū. He mea nui hei ārai mura mō te taiao i roto i ngā ahumahi hikohiko, matū, taura, kirihou, rapa me ētahi atu ahumahi.
He momo whakakī ā-kore-waro te hauwai konumohe, ā, kia pai ake ai te pānga ā-mura, me neke atu i te 40% (te tapeke) te nui o te whakakī, ko ētahi tae atu ki te 60%, engari ko te nui o te whakakī kāore i te pā kino ki ngā āhuatanga hangarau o ngā hua, engari ka kino ake hoki te mahi whakaputa me te tukatuka.
Nō reira, kia taea ai te whakamahi whānuitia te paura konumohe hauwai tino pai i roto i ngā rauemi ārai mura pērā i te polyolefin, me whakarerekē te mata o te paura konumohe hauwai, kia pai ake ai ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o te mata, kia pai ake ai te paura konumohe hauwai tino pai me te papa, kia hototahi ai te polymer waro, te kapia rānei me te horapa i roto i te papa waro, kia pai ake ai te kaha ā-pūkaha o te rauemi me te mahi whānui.
1. Te whakarerekētanga mata e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te hauwai konumohe tino pai
(1) kaihoko hononga silane
Neke atu i te kotahi rau ngā momo āpiha hononga silane, ā, ko te āpiha hononga silane rōpū mahi kotahi-papa te mea tino pumau. Ko te pumau o te āpiha hononga silane rōpū mahi--kei waenganui i te maitai me te konganuku. Haunga te whakarei ake i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o ngā hua, ka taea hoki e te āpiha hononga silane rōpū mahi--te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga hiko me te ātete ki te makuku o ngā hua.
(2) te kaihoko hononga zirconium
Ko te akomanga o te kaihoko hononga zirconium kei roto ko te zirconium aluminate. He iti te papatipu ngota whanaunga o te polymer inorganic i roto i te mekameka matua o te ngota i runga i te matatini o ngā momo waeine ligand waro e rua, he pai te pumau hydroxyl o te kaihoko hononga dentate me te kaihoko hononga, he pai ngā tauhohenga waro o tetahi atu dentate ki te kaihoko hononga, he pai ngā pānga whakarerekētanga o te paura konumohe hauwai konumohe pai rawa atu.
(3) ngā waikawa ngako teitei ake me ō rātou tote
I roto i te hanganga ngota o ngā waikawa ngako teitei ake me ō rātou tote, ko tētahi pito he rōpū alkyl mekameka-roa, ā, ko tētahi atu pito he rōpū carboxyl me tōna tote whakarewa ka taea te tauhohe ki ngā rōpū mahi mata o te konumohe hauwai. Mā te rongoā i te paura konumohe hauwai tino pai ki te waikawa ngako teitei me tōna tote ka taea te whakapai ake i te hononga i waenga i te paura konumohe hauwai tino pai me te ngota polymer, me te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga miihini me te tukatuka o te hua.
(4) ngā waikawa waro kore-mākū
Ko ngā waikawa waro kore-kukū noa ko: te waikawa kiriaku, te waikawa methacrylic, te waikawa cinnamic, me ētahi atu. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te kaha ake o te waikawa, ko te māmā ake o te hanga hononga ionic, nō reira whiriwhiria he nui ake: te waikawa kiriaku me te waikawa methacrylic.
Ka taea te whakamahi takitahi i ngā momo waikawa waro, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi whakauru, ka rongoatia ki ngā katote konganuku kawakore kei roto ko te paura hauwai konumohe tino pai, he pai ake te pānga.
(5) te oro-silicon
Ko te macromolecule organosilicon, e mōhiotia ana ko te hinu silicon, he momo polymer e honoa ana ki te rōpū waro i runga i te ngota silicon mā te mekameka here hāora silicon (si-o-si) hei angaanga. Ko ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te polymethylsiloxane kei roto te hauwai, te polydimethylsiloxane kua mutu te hydroxyl, me ētahi atu.
2. Te tukanga whakarerekētanga mata o te hauwai konumohe tino pai
I tēnei wā, ko ngā tikanga whakarerekētanga mata o te paura konumohe hauwai tino pai rawa atu he maroke, he mākū hoki.
(1) whakarerekētanga maroke
I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka whakamahanahia te paura hauwai konumohe tino pai kua whakarerekētia ki tētahi pāmahana, ā, ka maturuturu mārire te whakarerekētanga ki roto i te paura hauwai konumohe tere-rahi, ā, ka mutu te takai i te hua i muri i te tauhohenga ki tētahi wā.
Ko ngā painga o te whakarerekētanga maroke ko te iti o ngā whakaritenga mō ngā taputapu me te ngāwari o te whakahaere. Ko te ngoikoretanga ko te nui o te kaha mahi a ngā kaimahi, ā, he iti te tere o te paninga paura hauwai konumohe.
(2) whakarerekētanga mākū
Ko te whakarerekētanga mākū kei roto i te tukanga whakaputa o te paura hauwai konumohe tino pai, ko te hanganga o te paru hauwai konumohe i muri i te tātari, te horoi, te whiu i te keke tātari, i muri i te tāpiri i te whakarerekētanga i roto i te pāmahana motuhake o te whiu i te paru, me te whakaoho mo tetahi wā, te tātari, te whakamaroke me te whiu i te takai.
Ko ngā painga o te whakarerekētanga mākū ko te iti o te kaha mahi, te kore parahanga puehu, te pai o te whakaputa, te tere teitei o te paninga paura konumohe hauwai, 20-30%, he teitei, he pumau hoki te pānga whakarerekētanga. Ki te whakaritea ki te whakarerekētanga maroke, he roa ake te tukanga whakarerekētanga mākū, ā, he nui ake ngā whakaritenga mō ngā taputapu. Nā ngā painga o te whakarerekētanga mākū, kei te whakakapi haere i te tikanga whakaputa whakarerekētanga maroke.
3. Tikanga aromatawai i te pānga whakarerekētanga mata o te hauwai konumohe tino pai
(1) whakamātautau tere mimiti hinu
Ko te tere mimiti hinu e whakamahia ana hei ine i te nui o te hinu kātoro e hiahiatia ana ina tae noa mai tētahi nui o te paura Al (OH) 3 ki te urunga mātotoru, ā, e whakamahia ana hoki hei tautuhi i te nui o te kapia e hiahiatia ana ina tae noa mai tētahi nui o te paura Al (OH) 3 ki te urunga mātotoru.
Ko te tikanga kimi penei: ka paunatia te paura hauwai konumohe tino pai, ā, ka whakamaroketia te tauira kia tata ki te 10 karamu, ka whakanohoia ki roto i te ipu, ka maturuturu te hinu kātoro me te pūrere, ka ata whakaranua ki te tokotoko karāhe kia uru ōrite te hinu kātoro me te tauira ki roto i te pōro. I tatauhia te nui o te hinu kātoro i pirihia mō ia 100 karamu o te hauwai konumohe tino pai, arā, te tere mimiti hinu o te paura hauwai konumohe tino pai.
I muri i te whakarerekētanga o te mata o te paura konumohe hauwai, ka rerekē te tere mimiti hinu ki tētahi taumata. Mena ka whakarerekētia te paura konumohe hauwai tino pai ki te kaihoko hononga silane, ka heke te tere mimiti hinu mā te 10%.
(2) Whakamātautau SEM
I kitea te āhua o te paura konumohe hauwai tino pai i mua atu, ā, i muri i te whakarerekētanga mā te karu hikohiko. He pai ake te horapa o te paura whakarerekētia i roto i te whāriki i tērā o te hua kāore i whakarerekētia.
(3) Whakamātautau FTIR
I whakamahia te whakamātautau ira-whāwhā Fourier (ftir) hei tātari i ngā rōpū i runga i te mata o te hua. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakatau i te ihirangi o te vinyl – Vi me te – Si mā te whakamahi i ngā ira-whāwhā o te paura konumohe hauwai me te whakarerekētanga mata mākū o te methyl vinyl silane.
(4) te whakatau i ngā āhuatanga o te hua
I whakamahia ngā paura konumohe hauwai tino pai kua whakarerekētia me ngā paura kāore i whakarerekētia hei whakamātautau i ngā taupū taura pēnei i te taupū hāora, te kaha kume me te roa i te whati. Mā te whakataurite, ka kitea kua pai ake te ātete mura me ngā āhuatanga hangarau o ngā hua kua whakarerekētia.
(5) taupū whakahohenga
Ko te taupū whakahohenga he taupū hei aromatawai i te pānga whakarerekētanga mata mā te ine i te ōrau o te nui o te hauwai konumohe e mānu ana i runga i te mata o te wai ki te nui katoa o te hauwai konumohe i muri i te whakarerekētanga. Nā te rerekētanga o ngā momo whakarerekētanga mata me ngā tikanga maimoatanga rerekē o ngā paura hauwai konumohe tino pai, ka mānu ētahi o ngā paura whakarerekētia i runga i te mata o te wai, ā, ka totohu ētahi.
Pērā i te konutai stearate, te whakarerekētanga mākū titanate, te whakarerekētanga maroke hydrophobic silane i muri i te paura konumohe hauwai ultrafine, ka taea te whakamahi i te taupū whakahohenga hei aromatawai i te pānga whakarerekētanga; Heoi, i whakarerekētia te silane hydrophilic mā te tikanga maroke, ā, ka totohu te paura konumohe hauwai ultrafine i whakarerekētia mā te tikanga mākū silane ki roto i te wai, nō reira kāore i taea te aromatawai i te pānga whakarerekētanga mā te taupū whakahohenga, ā, ko te tikanga aromatawai tika ko te spectroscopy infrared.
Wā tuku: 24 Paenga-whāwhā 2020