He hoari mata rua te whakapūhauora i te wai. I te US, kua tāpirihia te pūhauora ki te nuinga o ngā awa wai hei āwhina i te ārai i te pirau niho. (Me kī atu ahau kei roto noa te pūhauora i te nuinga o ngā puna wai inu puta noa i te ao). Heoi, ka taea e te pūhauora te kino ki ngā wheua i ngā horopeta teitei ake, ā, ka mate pea mēnā ka nui te horopeta ka tangohia.
He mea tino nui te mahi a te alumina whakahohe whakamaroke ki te whakaiti i ngā taumata o te fluoride i roto i te wai. Mā te mahi i tēnei, ka waiho e te alumina whakahohe he nui te fluoride i roto i te wai kia whiwhi ai te tangata i ōna painga hauora, ā, i te wa ano ka whakarite kia kore e toe te nui o te fluoride kino ki te hauora ki roto i te wai inu.
I te tau 1994, i tūtohu te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao kia pupurihia ngā taumata o te pūhaumāota i roto i te wai mai i te 0.5-1mg/L. Me tango te pūhaumāota i ngā taumata kei runga ake i te 1mg, ā, e toru ngā huarahi e taea ai te mahi: mā te whakamahi i ngā matū me te whakapūmau, mā ngā hangarau e hangai ana ki te kiriuhi, mā te whakawhiti katote me te mimiti rānei.
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngātahitia ēnei tikanga. Hei tauira, ina neke atu i te 15ppm ngā taumata o te fluoride, me whakamahi te raima kei roto i te wāhanga matū me te rerenga wai nā te mea ka taea e rātou te whakahaere i ngā taumata tiketike o te fluoride. Kia whakaitihia taua taumata mā te whakamahi i te raima, me whakamahi te alumina whakahohe, kei roto i te wāhanga adsorption, hei whakaiti i te ihirangi fluoride ki raro iho i te 1ppm nā te mea ka taea e te alumina whakahohe te pure i te wai tae atu ki te 99%.
Me pēhea te Arumina Whakahohemahi ki te tango i te fluoride mai i te wai?
Ka mimiti te alumina whakahohe i te fluoride nā te mea ka kukumea te fluoride ki te alumina. E hiahia ana ia ki te hanga i te fluoride konumohe, ā, ka mahia e ia ina pā atu ki te alumina whakahohe. Ka piri tonu te fluoride alumina ki ngā poro alumina mena kei raro iho te taumata pH o te wai i te 6. Mena kei raro iho te pH o te wai i te 6, ka tīmata te heke o te whai huatanga o te alumina whakahohe. Ka taea hoki e ia te tuku i te konumohe ki roto i tō wai, ahakoa kāore te konumohe e rewa i roto i te wai.
Kia mōhio: Ka whakamahia te osmosis whakamuri hei tango i te konumohe i roto i te wai, ā, ka taea hoki e ētahi mīhini whakapūkara. Kāore te konumohe e uru ki te wai nā te mea he uaua ki te wai te whakarewa.
E taunakihia ana kia tukatukahia te alumina kua whakahohehia ki te konumohe whanariki i mua i te whakamahinga hei whakapai ake i ngā oma mimiti tuatahi. I muri i te maimoatanga i mua, he mea nui kia mahara ko ngā tauhohenga mimiti me te alumina kua whakahohehia e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tere rere. Ahakoa ka taea e te mea kua whakahohehia te whakahaere i ngā tere rere teitei, ā, ka mahi tonu, ka whakaitihia tōna kaha mimiti, ā, ka arahi pea tēnei ki te mahi i ētahi atu huringa. Mā te whakarea i te tere rere ka taea te 33% te nui ake o te fluoride i roto i ngā moenga alumina kua whakahohehia, ā, ka whakaitihia te whai huatanga o te alumina kua whakahohehia ki te mimiti i te fluoride.
Tērā pea ka pāngia te tukanga mimiti e ētahi atu katote ina mahi tahi ana me te alumina kua whakahohehia, nā te mea kei roto i te wai o te US ētahi atu katote. Ko ēnei katote ko te konutai pūhaumāota, te konutai whanariki, me te konutai paikāpōnate. Kāore te konutai pūhaumāota me te konutai whanariki e pāngia te tukanga mimiti, engari ka taea e te konutai paikāpōnate te whakaiti i te kaha o te alumina kua whakahohehia i waenga i te 33% me te 70%.
Ka taea te hanga anō i te alumina kua whakahohehia, pērā i te nuinga o ngā whakamaroke. Ka pania te hauwaiwai konutai, te konupūmā whanariki, te waikawa whanariki rānei ki te otinga lye me te alumina kua whakahohehia, kia taea ai te hanga anō i te adsorbent. Kia hanga anōtia, ka taea tonu te whakamahi anō i te alumina kua whakahohehia, ā, ina whakamahia tika, ka roa te ora o te alumina kua whakahohehia mō ngā tau.
He mea nui te alumina whakahohe hei tango i te pūhaumāota i roto i te wai tae atu ki te 99%, hei hanga hoki i te wai kia haumaru mō te tangata ki te inu.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-05-2019