1. Ko ngā tikanga tango i te hauota koia ēnei:
1) Ka haere te wai kei roto te fluorine mā roto i te pou adsorbent, ā, ka mimitia te fluorine ki runga i te mata o te adsorbent hei whakaputa i te fluoride kore-rewa. Ko ngā adsorbent ko te alumina whakahohe, te tricalcium phosphate, te waro wheua rānei. Koinei te tikanga tawhito rawa atu e whakamahia ana ki te wai whenua me te fluoride < 10mg/L me te matū iri < 5mg/L. Ina kua mākū te kaha tango fluorine adsorbent, me tāpiri he kaihoko whakaora.
2) Ka tāpirihia te wai whakapūkara ki te wai kei roto te fluorine hei hanga i te fluoride kore-rewa, ka tangohia mā te tātari waipūkara. Ko ngā wai whakapūkara ko te Al2(SO4)3, te konupūmā konupūmā taketake, te konupūmā hauwai, me ētahi atu. He pai mō te wai mata he nui te paru me te iti o te ihirangi fluorine.
3) Te tikanga whakawhiti katote Ka whakamahia te kaha whakawhiti o te kapia whakawhiti katote hei tango i ngā katote wheowhio mai i te wai.
4) Ka whakamahia e te electrodialysis te urunga whiriwhiri o te membrane whakawhiti katote hei tango i te fluorine
5) te tikanga osmosis whakamuri e whakamahi ana i te urunga whiriwhiri o te kiriuhi haurua-permeable hei tango i te fluorine
I roto i ngā tikanga o runga ake nei, e tika ana te 3), 4) me te 5) mō te wai māori me ngā wāhi he nui te nui o te wheori. E whakamahia whānuitia ana te osmosis whakamuri i tēnei wā.
2. Ngā kaupapa matua o te hoahoa hangarau mō te whakapūmau tote konumohe me te tango i te wherikotanga o te fluorine
He pai te whakatōtōtanga totoka mō te wai mata he iti te nui o te fluoride i roto i te wai. Me tango atu i te wai mata he iti te nui o te fluorine me te pōuri o te wai i te wā kotahi. Me whiriwhiri te kaihoko i te tote konumohe. Ina teitei te kukū o te CL- i roto i te wai mata, ka whakamahia te konumohe whanariki. Ina teitei te kukū o te konumohe whanariki wai mata, ka whakamahia te konumohe pūhaumāota; Ka whakamahia te konumohe pūhaumāota taketake ina teitei ngā kukū o ngā katote e rua.
Ko te wā whakapūmau he 5-6 meneti, ā, ko te uara pH e whakahaeretia ana i waenga i te 6.5 me te 7.5. Me hoahoa te tāke whakaranu, te tāke tauhohenga whakapūmau, te tāke whakapūmau me te ua kia rerekē te tere, kia wāwāhi rānei te ua, kia pai ai te tango i te wheori.
Te rere o te tukanga: te wai whenua – te whakapūmau – te ua – te tātari. Mēnā he pai te kounga o te wai mata, ka taea te tango i te waeine maimoatanga ua, tātari rānei, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i mua i te horopeta papu, te whakaranu papu, te ua tū, me te tango i te wai o runga hei inu.
3, te hoahoa tukanga tango fluorine me te tango alumina whakahohe
I te nuinga o te wā, he nui ake te kawakore o te wai whenua he nui te nui o te fluoride, ā, ko te PH he nui ake i te 8.0, engari he nui te awe o te PH ki te kaha mimiti o te alumina kua whakahohehia. Ko te kaha mimiti o te alumina kua whakahohehia he 4-5g(F-)/kg(Al2O3) ina ko te PH o te wai e inuhia ana he 6.0-6.5. I te PH o te 6.5-7.0, ko te kaha mimiti he 3-4g(F-)/kg(Al2O3). Ki te kore he whakarerekētanga PH, ko te kaha mimiti he tata ki te 1g(F-)/kg(Al2O3).
Ko te alumina whakahohe te rauemi tātari, me iti iho te rahi o te matūriki i te 2.5mm, ko te tikanga he 0.5-1.5mm, ko te tauwehenga kore-taurite o te rauemi tātari K80≤2 ina iti iho te ihirangi fluoride o te wai mata i te 4mg/L, me nui ake te matotoru o te rauemi tātari i te 1.5mm; ina nui ake te ihirangi fluoride o te wai mata i te 4mg/L, me nui ake te matotoru o te rauemi tātari i te 1.8mm. Ina nui ake te PH o te tomokanga wai i te 7.0, ko te tere tātari he 2-3m/h te tikanga, ā, ina iti iho te PH o te tomokanga wai i te 7.0, ko te tere tātari he 6-8m/h te tikanga, ā, ko te wā whakapā e rite ana he 20-30min. Ko te konupūmā whanariki te mea e whakamahia ana hei whakaora, ko te ōwehenga o te horopeta ki te tango i te wheori he 60:1, ā, ko te nui o te wai whakaora he 2%-3%. I te wā o te whakaora, i horoia tuatahitia te wai mata mai i raro ki runga me te kaha horoi o te 11-12l (s.m2), ko te wā horoi o te 5-8 meneti me te teitei whānui o te 50%. Kātahi ka whakamahia te wai konupūmā whanariki 2% mō te whakaora, i tukuna mai i runga ki raro me te tere tātari o te 0.6m/h, ā, e 6-8 meneti te roa. I muri i te whakaora, horoia ki te wai tango-wheori. Ko te kaha horoi he rite ki te horoinga tuatahi, ā, e 8-10 meneti te roa.
Wā tuku: 22 o Ākuhata-2019