He whakamārama poto mō ngā momo alumina
He momo waikura konumohe e mōhiotia ana ko te alumina motuhake, te waikura konumohe kore-whakarewa, te waikura konumohe matū rānei, te waikura konumohe me te waikura konumohe, ngā hua rerekē, ngā hua toronga rānei. E ai ki tōna hanganga matū, te hanganga tioata, te rahi o te matūriki, te parakore, te pakeke, te tohu sintering, me ētahi atu, ka taea te wehewehe ki te neke atu i te 300 momo. He tino rerekē te āhua o ngā momo alumina maha, ko ētahi he pakeke pērā i te hapaira, ko ētahi he ngawari pērā i te paura talcum; ko ētahi he mātotoru kitea neke atu i te 3,200kg /m, ko ētahi he iti iho i te 3.2kg/m. Ko ētahi matū kore-rewa, engari ko ētahi ka wairewa i roto i te waikawa me te turanga, me te mahi nui; ko ētahi wai he rite ki te tātari onepu, engari ko ētahi he matotoru, he thixotropic colloid rānei, ā, kāore e taea te tātari; ko ētahi hanganga tioata me te diameter tioata he whānuitanga o ngā momo rerekētanga, ko ētahi he amorphous; ko ētahi he kaha adsorption teitei, ko ētahi kāore he kaha adsorption; ko ētahi he catalysts hohe, ko ētahi he kore-rewa. Heoi, ko te āhuatanga noa o ngā momo alumina katoa, i roto i tetahi ahua, ko ka huri hei alfa alumina mēnā ka whakamahanahia mō te wā roa i ngā pāmahana tino teitei. He maha ngā momo alumina e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te matū, te rongoā, te whakakorikori, te rapa, te kirihou, te hanga pepa, te whakakī, te tae me ētahi atu mara. I te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau me te tono rauemi hou, kei te whānui haere te mākete o ngā alumina maha-momo.
II. Te whakarōpūtanga o ngā momo alumina
(I) Ngā momo maha o te hauwai konumohe
1. Te whakarōpūtanga o ngā momo maha o te hauwai konumohe:
(1) Whakakī noa konumohe hauwai, D50 =50 m,70 m;
(2) Paura hauwaiwai alumina pai, D50 ≤20 m;
(3) Paura moroiti hauwai konumohe (hauwai konumohe tino pai), D50 ≤1 m;
(4) Hauwai konumohe maroke mā, he mā ≥93%;
(5) He nui te hauwai konumohe mā (te ākete horihori me te whakakī māpere horihori), he mā ≥95%;
(6) He iti te waikawa konumohe (konutai), Na2O+K2O≤0.10%;
(7) Waikawa konumohe rino iti, Fe2O3≤0.005%;
(8) He bauxite angiangi, he momo tioata o te?-alooh hei bauxite waikore kotahi o te 1-2 wai tioata;
(9) He kirikiri konumohe hauwai, he karaihe al2O3.NH2O, ko te wāhanga matua he momo karaihe kore-āhua.
2. NGĀ WHAKAMAHINGA o ngā momo konumohe hauwai:
(1) Whakamahia hei ārai mura
He mea whakakī pai te hauwai konumohe hei ārai i te mura mō ngā kirihou, te rapa me ētahi atu pūmua me ngā kakahu waro. Ko ngā rauemi hangai me te hauwai konumohe hei whakakī ko: te polyester, te epoxy, te phenolic, te polypropylene, te polyethylene, te polyvinyl chloride, te rapa butyraldehyde, te neoprene, te rapa silicone me te paninga ārai ahi matatau, te whāriki ahi, te kānawehi ahi, te whitiki kawe ahi me ētahi atu. Nā te mea he paura ma te hauwai konumohe, he pumau tonu ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana me ōna āhuatanga matū i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, kāore he mimiti makuku, kāore he huringa tae, kāore he paitini, kāore he haunga, ka taea te tukatuka i te rahi o te matūriki kia rite ki te hiahia. Ina neke ake te pāmahana whakamahana i te 200℃, ka tīmata te hauwai konumohe ki te mimiti i te wera me te pirau, ka tukuna he wai karaihe e toru. Ko te teitei ake o te pāmahana, ko te tere ake o te pirau, ka aukati i te pikinga o te pāmahana pūmua me te mahi hei whakamatao, hei whakaroa i te mura me te pehi ahi.
(2) Whakamahia hei rauemi whakakī mō te kōhatu ākete horihori me te māpere horihori
Mā te whakamahi i te hauwai konumohe me te kapia polyester kore-mākū, te kapia methacrylate rānei, ka taea te whakaputa i ngā rauemi whakapaipai me ngā taputapu horoi māpere me te ākete horihori. Nā te mea he tata te taupū whakaata o te hauwai konumohe (1.57) ki te kapia polyester, ka whakaratohia he kanapa mārama me te pai ki ngā hua horihori, ā, ka taea te tāpiri i ngā tae rerekē ki te hoahoa i ngā tauira me ngā whakaritenga. Kei te hua anō hoki ngā āhuatanga o te kounga teitei, te mama, te kore irahiko, te kore pakarukaru, te ngāwari ki te tapahi, me ētahi atu, ā, kua whakamahia whānuitia i tēnei wā.
(3) Whakamahia hei whakakī pepa
Ko te hauwai konumohe te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei paninga mata, hei whakakī, hei pepa kore-mura i roto i te hanga pepa. Ko te hauwai konumohe tino pai rawa atu he mā nui, he rahi pai te matūriki, he tohatoha ōrite, he āhua karaihe rārangi, me ētahi atu. Ka taea e ia te whakakapi i te paura mā titanium i runga i te whakaaro kāore e whakaiti i te mā me te kanapa o te pepa, ka penapena i te utu pepa, ka whakapai ake i te kanapa o te pepa, ka whakapai ake i te mahi tā.
(4) Whakamahia hei whakakī i roto i te paraihe niho
He ngawari te waku o te hauwai konumohe, ā, nō roto i te rauemi kūpapa, mā te whakakī i te paraihe niho hei kaihoko waku ka taea te tango pai i te paru i runga i ngā niho me ngā kapia me te kore e pakaru. Ko te rahi o te matūriki o te hauwai konumohe e whakamahia ana hei rauemi whakakī mō te paraihe niho ko te tikanga he D50 ≤7 m, ā, me iti ake te tāpiri kawakore i te 0.01%.
(5) Whakamahia hei rauemi mata rongoā
Ko tētahi o ngā wāhanga matua o te rongoā puku ko te konumohe hauwaiwai, ka taea te whakakore i te waikawa puku, ā, he rauemi mata pai hoki mō te hanga rongoā puku.
(6) Hei rauemi mata matū
Nā te mea he matū amphoteric te hauwai konumohe, ka taea te rewa tere ki te waikawa kaha, ki te kawakore rānei, nō reira kua waiho hei rauemi mata mō te maha o ngā tote konumohe. Pērā i te konumohe whanariki me te konumohe he hua o te hauwai konumohe hei tauhohe ki te waikawa whanariki me ōna tote, ko te polyaluminium chloride he hua o te hauwai konumohe hei tauhohe ki te waikawa hauwai pūmāota, ko te konumohe fluoride he hua o te hauwai konumohe hei tauhohe me te waikawa hauwai pūmāota, me te hauwai konumohe (te otinga konutai aluminate rānei) hei rauemi mata, ka taea te whakaputa i te 3 a, 4 a, 5 a 13 x tātari ngota, 10 x, me te momo Y tātari ngota.
(2) Alumina whakahohe
E waru ngā momo karaihe o te alumina:,,,,,, me. Mā te whakamahana me te whakamaroke i te hauwai konumohe i ngā pāmahana rerekē, ka taea te whiwhi i ngā momo karaihe rerekē o te waikura konumohe. Heoi, ki te tunua i te pāmahana neke atu i te 1200℃, ka huri ētahi atu momo karaihe o te waikura konumohe hei -alumina. Ko te alfa-alumina e kiia ana ko te alumina pāmahana-teitei, e mōhiotia ana ko te alumina kore mahi, ko ngā karaihe alumina e whitu e kiia ana ko te alumina pāmahana-iti, e mōhiotia ana ko te alumina whakahohe.
Hei waikura o te alumina, he tino rerekē hoki te tikanga me te tukanga motuhake o te whakawhiti āhuahanga nā te rerekētanga o te pāmahana tunu, te wā tunu me te whakakotahitanga o te waikura. Ina tere te maroke o te waikura konumohe i te 400-600 ℃, nā te tango wai, ka memeha te huinga tioata, ka wetekina te mata tioata, ā, ka puta he maha ngā pūwero me ngā kapiti, ka hua ake he pikinga tere o te horahanga mata motuhake. Ko te alumina me te hanganga pūwero tika, te rahinga pūwero nui ake me te horahanga mata motuhake teitei he nui ake te mahi. Ka taea te whakamahi i te whakakorikori, te kawe whakakorikori rānei i hangaia e ia mō te hinu kakara, te pakaru, te hanga rānei i te hauwaiwaro, te whakamaroke, te whakahāora, te tango hauwai, te whakahāora hauwai, te whakahounga, te tango i te whanariki, te tango i te pūmua, te tango i te fluorination me ētahi atu. Ka taea hoki te huri i te alumina whakahohe hei pōro, te pēhi rānei hei rīpene hei whakamaroke me te kaihoko hygroscopic mō ngā wai me ngā hau, e whakamahia ana mō te pouaka whakamātao, te whakamaroke wehenga hau, te whakamaroke hau taputapu me te whakauru whiriwhiri o ngā huānga iti, ngā poke iti rānei i roto i ngā tukanga ahumahi. Hei tāpiri, he kaha te piri, ko te rauemi mata mō te hanga rauemi ātete uku ahi.
(3) Arumina kore mahi
Ko te waikura konumohe korekore e kiia ana ko te waikura konumohe pāmahana teitei, te hauwai konumohe, te waikura konumohe tioata rānei i hangaia i te 1200℃ neke atu rānei te pāmahana teitei - waikura konumohe tioata. Hei waikura whakarewa, he pai ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o te alpha-alumina. He pai te hononga i waenga i ngā ngota ngota, he kiato, he tino pai te tioata, ā, ka taea te tu atu i ngā huringa matū. I taua wā anō, he pai hoki ngā painga o te alpha-alumina ko te ira rewa teitei (2050℃), he pakeke teitei, he pai te mahi whakamarumaru, he kaha miihini teitei, he pai te ātete ki te mura, me te ātete wera me te kaha pānga, nō reira he whānui te whakamahinga i roto i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
1. ātete-waikura
Nā te teitei o te ira rewa, te tino pai o ngā āhuatanga miihini me te ātete ki te waikura i ngā pāmahana teitei, ka whakamahia te alpha-alumina ki te whakaputa i ngā rauemi ātete-wai, pērā i ngā pereki ātete-wai mullite me te alumina, ngā pereki ātete-wai korundum me ngā hua korundum, tae atu ki ngā mea whakarewa ātete-wai amorphous.
2. Ngā uku alumina teitei
Nā te nui o te mātotoru o te -alumina, ka taea te hanga i tētahi tinana sintered kiato, ā, he ātete ki te kakahu me te kaha miihini teitei, nō reira he pai mō te hanga porcelain ātete-kakahu, pērā i te huri me te momo pōro porcelain, te pūwero onepū, te paraihe wai, me ētahi atu, engari nā te mea he pai te ātete wera, te kaha pānga wera, he pai mō te hanga taputapu uku. Nā te mea he teitei te mahi whakamarumaru pāmahana, he iti te konutai -alumina e tika ana mō te hanga mono mura me ngā ārai mō ngā taputapu hiko pāmahana teitei, te papa hiko angiangi whakauru, ngā wāhanga paerewa me ētahi atu porcelain whakamarumaru auau-teitei. He whānui te whakamahinga o te Alpha-alumina i roto i te hanga uku hoahoa, uku ahumahi, uku hiko hiko, taputapu hauora me ngā uku ora, tae atu ki ngā uku tukatuka, pērā i ngā pereki uku i hangaia ki te alpha-alumina, ngā papa uku, ngā tokotoko hurihuri uku, ngā papu uku, ngā tātari uku, me ētahi atu.
3. Rauemi whakakoi (rauemi ātete ki te whakakoi)
Nā te pakeketanga nui, ka taea te whakamahi i te alfa-alumina hei rauemi huri, hei rauemi huri me ngā rauemi ātete-pakaru. Mena ka taea te whakamahi hei maitai, hei konganuku kore-whakarewa, hei kirihou, hei rakau, hei muka rakau rānei, me ngā momo toka katoa (tae atu ki te jade), ka taea te hanga wira huri, hei taputapu huri me ētahi atu taputapu tapahi, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te paparanga kakahu papa rakau hiato me ētahi taputapu, paparanga kakahu mata hua whakarewa rānei.
(4) Teitei te parakore o te alumina tino pai
Ko te waikura konumohe tino pai rawa te parakore e pā ana ki te ihirangi AL2O3 > 99.99%, te matotoru < 1 mu m te paura alumina tino pai rawa te parakore, e whakamahia ana mō te sintering alumina mārama, te kawe fluorescent, te rama konutai pehanga teitei, ngā taputapu ā-tinana me te matū teitei, te wheua horihori, te papa rauemi semiconductor (C), te rauemi whakakī rīpene tuhi, te reo tātari super, ngā rauemi whakakoi teitei, ngā uku motuhake, ngā taputapu tapahi, te para parakore teitei, te huri noa i te tuaka, te ūnga pupuhi, te ngongo oumu, ngā rauemi tākai, ngā rauemi karaihe kotahi, ngā kōhatu horihori, me ētahi atu. Ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i te kiato, te whakaoti, te ngenge makariri me te wera, te pakari whati me te ātete ngokingoki o ngā uku. Ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i te ātete kakahu o ngā hua ngota, e whakamahia ana mō te kirihou, te whakakaha rapa me te whakapakari, te ātete kakahu, te ātete pāmahana teitei me ngā whakakī whakapaipai matatau; I te wa ano, ka whakamahia hoki hei kaikawe me te kawe kaikawe i roto i ngā ahumahi petrochemical me te tongi, te hangarau laser hei rauemi mata mō te karāhe neodymium laser me ngā rauemi laser rupi, hei rauemi whakamahana matatau i roto i te ahumahi hiko, te ahumahi rererangi, hei mata. maimoatanga mō ngā waka rererangi ātea, ngā rōkete me ngā amiorangi horihori, me ētahi atu. I te ahunga whakamua o te hapori me te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, kei te whānui haere hoki te mara tono o te parakore teitei me te alumina tino pai, ā, he tino whai hua te tirohanga mākete.
(5) Kōrunuma
Ko te tioata alumina momo-tūturu e kiia ana ko te korundum, he rerekē ngā tae o ēnei mea nā te rerekētanga o ngā poke. He kanapa karāhe, he taimana rānei tōna, ko te mātotoru o te 3.9-4.1g /cm3 me te pakeke o te 8.8. Ka kiia hoki te korundum tūturu he kōhatu utu nui. Ko ngā mea he iti te waikura chromium i roto i te tioata he rupi, ko ngā mea he iti te paru o te rino me te titanium he hapaira, ā, ko ngā mea he iti te paru o te rino me te cobalt he emerara.
He iti noa te putanga mai o te kōrundum tūturu i te taiao, ā, ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia hei whakapaipai. Ko te kōrundum e whakamahia ana mō ngā rauemi mata ahumahi he mea hanga horihori. E rua ngā momo kōrundum horihori: ko te kōrundum hanumi me te kōrundum kua whakakā. Ko ngā momo matua e whai ake nei:
1. Korundum kua hanumi
Ko te alumina hanumi he mea hanga nui mai i te alumina hanumi mā me te alumina hanumi parauri.
He mea hanga te kōrunuma mā kua hanumi mai i te alumina ahumahi, ā, ka whakarewaina i roto i te oumu pewa i te pāmahana teitei ake i te 2000℃. He āhuatanga ōna o te mā teitei, te parakore teitei, te pakeke teitei, te koi-ake, te kaha huri kaha, te wera iti, te ātete ki te waikura, te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, te pumau wera pai me ētahi atu. Ka taea te whakamahi mō te hanga rauemi huri me te whakakanapa matatau, ngā taputapu huri i hangaia mai i a ia, te huri i te maitai waro teitei me te maitai kore waikura; He whānuitia hoki te whakamahinga i roto i te hanga pokepokea ai te whakarewa me te hanga tika kounga teitei, e whakamahia ana hei hanga uku motuhake me ngā rauemi hōia, hiko me ētahi atu rauemi hangarau teitei; Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te kōrunuma i hangaia mai i te alumina tino pai te parakore hei kohatu horihori.
Ko te kōrunuma parauri, e mōhiotia ana ko te emery, he mea hanga mai i te bauxite, te anthracite me te rino para mā te whakarewa i te pāmahana teitei neke atu i te 2000℃ i roto i te oumu hiko. He parauri tōna tae.
Ko te āhua o te kōrunuma parauri he pakeke taurite, he matotoru puranga teitei, he pai te whakatioata, he iti te tauwehenga whānui raina, he pakari me te ātete ki te waikura, me ētahi atu. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā rauemi pupuhi onepu, ngā mea whakakoi, ngā whakakī, ngā rauemi tātari, ngā rauemi tapahi, ngā mea ātete ahi, ngā mea whakakoi me ngā uku.
2. Korunuma kua whakakorikoria
Ko te kōrundum i whakatōkia i runga i te konganuku bauxite alumina ahumahi, te konganuku bauxite teitei-parakore rānei hei rauemi mata, i hangaia mā te huri pai i te poro, i te tinana rānei, i roto i te whakatō wera-teitei 1750-1900 ℃, ā, he nui tōna ngaro, he iti te porous, he kaha te witi, he pai te ātete ki te ru wera i te pāmahana teitei me te ātete ki te horo o te para, he whānuitia te whakamahinga mō te hanga i ngā mea whakatō pakari me te whakakoi.
3. Kōrunuma ripanga
Ko te korundum pereti he momo paura konumohe waikura he tino parakore, ka hurihia tuatahitia, ka whakakōhuatia, ka whakamaroketia, ka whakakāhia ki te pāmahana teitei o te 1850-1950℃. He hanganga pereti me te karaihe maramara kua tino whanake, he rahi te rahi o te kōpura. He rauemi ātete pai rawa atu, he tino parakore, he pumau te rōrahi, he iti te mimiti i muri i te tahu anō, ā, he kaha te ātete ki te ru wera. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka hangaia te korundum pereti mā te whakakorikori, engari mā te rewa hiko anō hoki.
6) ngā tote konumohe
Ko ngā tote konumohe e pā ana ki ngā matū o te konumohe. He torutoru noa iho ngā tote konumohe e whakamahia whānuitia ana e whakaahuatia ana i konei.
1. Konumohe whanariki
Kei roto i te konupūmā konupūmā he konupūmā konupūmā me te konupūmā polyaluminium, te konupūmā konupūmā ammonium (ammonium konumohe), te konupūmā konupūmā pāhare pākawa (konumohe, konupūmā pāhare pākawa rānei), te nuinga o te wā me te waikawa whanariki me te konupūmā hauwai, te konupūmā rānei, te kaolin, te pungarehu rere me ētahi atu kohuke konumohe. Ko te konupūmā konupūmā te nuinga e whakamahia ana hei matū ahumahi, hei matū whakapūkara, hei rongoā wai, hei hanga pepa, me ētahi atu, ā, e whakamahia ana hoki i roto i te hanga o ētahi atu hua matū kei roto konumohe. Ko te konupūmā polyaluminium te nuinga e whakamahia ana mō te rongoā wai mata; Ka taea te whakamahi i te konumohe hei matū rewena, hei matū whakakore me te matū whakapūkara wai mō te kai. Ka whakamahia te konumohe i roto i te rongoā tuku iho Hainamana me te paura tunutunu. Ka whakamahia hoki i roto i te hanga pepa, te peita me te hei matū ārai wai.
2. Konumohe pūhaumāota
Ko te konumohe pūhaumāota me te polyaluminium pūhaumāota (konumohe sol) e whakamahia ana i roto i te warowaihā o te konumohe, e hangaia ana mā te tauhohenga o te waikawa hauwaiora me te konumohe whakarewa, te konumohe hauwaiora, ngā kohuke kei roto konumohe rānei. Ko te konumohe pūhaumāota me te polyaluminium pūhaumāota he momo horoi wai, he iti te utu me te pai o te pānga, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei rahi pepa, hei whakapai huka, hei hanga whakarewa, hei ārai-kiri kakahu, hei kawe whakakorikori, hei here, hei whakapai rongoā, hei whakatakoto tere i te sima, hei rauemi mata whakapaipai, me ētahi atu.
3. Te konutai fluoride me te konutai fluoride
Ko te konupūmā fluoride me te konutai fluoaluminate ngā tote konupūmā matua e rua. Ko te konupūmā fluoride te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei whakatikatika i roto i te reo whakamahine konumohe hiko. He paura mā, he rite ki te ngira te whakatioata. He tikanga mākū, he tikanga maroke hoki te tukanga whakaputa o te konupūmā fluoride. Nā runga i ngā whakaritenga o te tiaki taiao, ka whakakorehia te tikanga mākū, ā, ka whakamahia whānuitia te tikanga maroke mō te whakaputa. Ko te rere o te tukanga whakaputa maroke o te konumohe fluoride kei roto ko te tukanga moenga wai rere o te Kamupene Luqi i Tiamana, te tukanga moenga wai maha-paparanga o te kamupene Booth i Switzerland me te tukanga HF synthesis ALF3 o ngā oumu wera o roto me waho o te kamupene Pincnair i Parani. Ko te tukanga maroke ko te whakaputa i te konupūmā whanariki (gypsum) me te hau HF mā te tauhohenga o te fluorite me te waikawa whanariki, kātahi ka whakaputa i te konumohe fluoride mā te tauhohenga o te hau HF me te konumohe hauwaiwai i muri i te maroke. Ina puta te hua taha o te tipu tongi phosphate o te waikawa fluorosilicic o te konumohe fluoride, te tukanga tukatuka mākū a te kamupene Linz o Austria, ko te tuatahi ka tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te whakamahanatanga o te otinga waikawa fluorosilicic, kātahi ka uru ki roto i te tāke whakaoho me te konumohe hauwaiwai (te paru bauxite rānei) i te tauhohenga pāmahana motuhake, te konumohe fluoride me te silica (te ua); ka taea hoki te whakamahi tuatahi i te wai haukini me te waikawa fluorosilicic, te hanganga o te ammonium fluoride me te silica gel (te ua), kātahi ka uru ki te otinga ammonium fluoride me te konumohe hauwaiwai. i raro i tētahi tauhohenga pāmahana me te pēhanga, ka hangaia te konumohe pūhaumāota.
Ko te konutai fluoroaluminate (e mōhiotia ana ko te cryolite) he pūhaumāota matatini, he matūriki tioata hina mā, he paura rānei, e whakamahia ana i roto i te konumohe hiko hei whakarewa. Ko te tukanga whakaputa o te konutai fluoroaluminate ko te tikanga houra fluoroaluminate, e tauhohe tuatahi ana ki te waikawa hauwaiwai me te konumohe hauwaiwai hei whakaputa i te fluoroaluminate, kātahi ka tauhohe ki te houra hei hanga i te konutai fluoroaluminate (cryolite).
4. Ētahi atu tote konumohe
Ka taea te whakamahi i te konupūmā pākawa hei whakakorikori mō te hanga matū waro, hei whakakā i roto i te umanga tā me te tae, hei kaihoko whakaoti hiako, me ētahi atu, e hangaia ana mā te tauhohenga i te konumohe, te konumohe hauwai rānei ki te waikawa hauota.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te konupūmā phosphate hei patu pepeke whakapūkara. Ko te tikanga ka hangaia mā te tahu i te paura konupūmā me te konupūmā whero.
He nui te kaha whakawhiti katote me te mahi whakaterenga o ngā tātari ngota ngota o te raupapa konumohe phosphate, ā, i whakaritea mā te tauhohenga o te hauwai konumohe me te waikawa phosphoric.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te konumohe dihydrogen tripolyphosphate hei tae ārai-waikura, hei adsorbent (deodorant), hei whakakorikori ethylene ki te etanoru, ko te tikanga he mea hanga mai i te konumohe whakarewa, te konumohe hauwai rānei me te waikawa phosphoric.
Ko te silicate konumohe tino pai he paura tino ma, he tino pai te whakatārewatanga me te āhua ma. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te paninga, te hiako, te tā me te tae, te waituhi tā, te hanga pepa, te kirihou, te rapa me ētahi atu āhuatanga me te whakakotahitanga me ētahi atu tae (paura mā te titanium). Ka taea te whakamahi i te silicate konumohe tioata hei whakakorikori mō te whakamaroke hau methanol hei whakaputa i te dimethyl ether. Ka taea te whakamahi i te silicate konumohe noa hei rauemi whakamahana. Ko te silicate konumohe ka hangaia mā te tauhohenga o te karāhe wai me te konumohe whanariki.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te karaihe borate konumohe hei rauemi whakapakari kirihou, whakarewa, uku. Ko te tikanga he ranunga o te konumohe waikura me te boron, te boron waikura rānei. I muri i te rewa i te pāmahana teitei, ka taea hoki te huri i te konumohe fluoride me te boron waikura ki te āhua hau, ka hangaia he karaihe borate konumohe.
(vii) ētahi atu momo alumina me ngā hua toronga e pā ana
Ko tētahi atu momo alumina kei roto tonu te konumohe waro, te muka konumohe waikura, te kiriata konumohe waikura, te paura SB, hei tāpiri atu ki te konumohe gallium alloy shot, te trimethyl-aluminium me ētahi atu konumohe waro he hua hangarau teitei ake. Ko te muka alumina he muka karaihe kotahi -Al2O3, te muka roa -Al2O3, te muka poto -Al2O3, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei konganuku, kirihou, rapa, rauemi whakapakari uku, rauemi whakamahana ātete me te rauemi ātete mō te ara whakarewatanga roketi, te whakaehu hinu-wai, te ranunga hinu-wai me te rauemi wehewehe wai me te tātari, ā, e whakamahia ana hoki hei kawe whakakorikori mō te whakawhiti warowaihā. Ko te paura SB te rauemi mata mō te whakakorikori hauwai me ētahi atu whakakorikori kounga teitei. Ka hangaia te alumina me te hauwai mā te tauhohenga kaha o ngā pire konumohe-gallium i roto i te wai, he tukanga whakaputa hauwai pai mō ngā waka hauwai-a muri ake nei. Ka whakamahia te konumohe Trimethyl hei whakakorikori polymerization olefin, wahie roketi me te rauemi mata hei hanga trimethyl gallium.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te konganuku bauxite hei whakaputa i ngā rauemi ātete ahi, ngā mea whakapūkara wai, ngā mea whakapūkara pakaru o te mara hinu, te korundum parauri me te sima alumina teitei, te paura konupūmā aluminate, te sima konupūmā aluminate rānei, me ētahi atu, ā, ka taea hoki te whakaputa i te koranu konumohe-silicon mā te tikanga whakamahana hiko.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te paru whero i hangaia e te alumina hei tango i te whanariki me te whakapai ake i te oneone mō ngā tipu hiko waro. I muri i te tangohanga o te konutai, ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga sima, rauemi pakitara, ceramsite, me ētahi atu. Mai i te paru whero ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei tango i te paura rino, te scandium onge, te bismuth me ētahi atu konganuku utu nui.
Ko ngā hua takawaenga o te konumohe waikura, te konutai aluminate wai me te konutai aluminate totoka (clinker kua whakakikoruatia), ka taea te whakamahi hei whakatere raima, hei whakamahi rānei i roto i te hanga whakatere; ka taea te whakaora me te tango i te gallium, te vanadium me ētahi atu konganuku utu nui mai i te wai whaea takawaenga i hangaia e te alumina.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-15-2020