Ko te konupūmā konupūmā (Al2(SO4)3), e kiia nei ko te konumohe, ka puta hei tioata mā, kāore e mura, ā, ka wairewa ki te wai. Ko tēnei waikura maroke (Al2(SO4)3.14H2O) he 17% Al2O3, ā, ka hokona hoki hei wairewa konupūmā konupūmā 47% w/w, arā, he 8% Al2O3. Ka hokona hoki hei totoka hei mea kua whakatōkia, hei mea huri, hei mea puehu rānei.
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te konupūmā konupūmā, Al2(SO4)3, e ngā umanga. Ko ōna whakamahinga tino noa ko te umanga penupenu me te pepa, me te purenga wai. Kua whakamahia te konupūmā konupūmā e te tangata mai i te tau 2000 BC, i te wā i whakamahia ai e ngā Ihipiana he konumohe konupūmā hei hinu whakakā i roto i te tae. Kua roa e whakamahia ana i roto i te rahi pepa hei whakapai ake i te roa me te urunga waituhi, me te maimoatanga wai hei whakamārama i te wai. Ko ētahi atu whakamahinga mō te konumohe ko te maimoatanga wai para, hei ārai wai me te whakateretere i roto i te raima, hei whakamārama mō ngā ngako me ngā hinu, me te mea whakapūpū i roto i ngā pahuka ahi.
Ka hangaia te konumohe (te ingoa whānui mō te konumohe whanariki) i roto i tētahi tukanga māmā e rua ngā taahiraa mai i te konumohe trihydrate me te waikawa whanariki e ai ki te tauhohenga e whai ake nei:
2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 + 8H2O → Al2(SO4)3 .14H2O ∆fH = -156 kJ mol-1
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te whakaranu i ngā kai ki roto i tētahi tauhohenga, ā, ko te tuarua ko te tukanga kuru i te rauemi hei hanga i ngā momo konumohe totoka e hokona ana.
Ngā rauemi mata
Ka purea te konupūmā trihydrate mai i te bauxite. Ka puta ngā putunga bauxite arumoni (30-75% Al2O3) ki Ahitereiria, ki Jamaica, ki France, ki Guyana, ki Guinea, ki te USA me Brazil. Ka whakarewaina te konganuku bauxite ki roto i te houra wera kaha hei hanga konutai aluminate. Kātahi ka whakapūpūtia te konupūmā trihydrate mā te whakakorenga (te nuinga o te wā me te hauhā waro) mā te autoprecipitation rānei (te tukanga Bayer). Ko tētahi atu rauemi mata, te waikawa whanariki, ka hangaia mō te hanga superphosphate i Farmers Fertiliser Ltd. Ka tae mai te waikawa mā te waka tāke rori ka papua ki roto i ngā tāke rokiroki.
Te wā tuku: 18-Pepuere-2022