1. Ụzọ e si ewepụ fluorine bụ ndị a:
1) fluorine nwere mmiri na-agafe na kọlụm adsorption ma a na-etinye fluorine n'elu ihe na-eme ka ọ dị mmiri mmiri iji mepụta fluoride na-anaghị agbaze agbaze. A na-eme ka ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị mmiri mmiri rụọ ọrụ alumina, tricalcium phosphate ma ọ bụ coal ọkpụkpụ. Ọ bụ usoro kacha ochie e ji fluoride mee ihe n'ime ala mmiri nke nwere fluoride < 10mg/L na ihe a kwụsịrị < 5mg/L. Mgbe ikike iwepụ fluorine nke na-eme ka ọ dị mmiri mmiri na-eju afọ, ọ dị mkpa ka a tinyeghachi ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị mmiri mmiri.
2) A na-etinye coagulant coagulant na mmiri nwere fluorine iji mepụta fluoride na-anaghị agbaze, nke a na-ewepụ site na nzacha mmiri ozuzo. Coagulants ndị ahụ bụ Al2(SO4)3, basic aluminum chloride, magnesium hydroxide, wdg. Dabara adaba maka mmiri a na-anaghị agbaze nke nwere oke turbidity na obere ọdịnaya fluorine.
3) Usoro mgbanwe ion na-eji ikike mgbanwe nke resin mgbanwe ion iji wepụ ion fluorine na mmiri.
4) Electrodialysis NA-eji ikike nhọrọ nke akpụkpọ mgbanwe ion wepụ fluorine
5) usoro osmosis azụ NA-eji ikike nhọrọ nke akpụkpọ ahụ ọkara-permeable wepụ fluorine
N'ime ụzọ ndị a dị n'elu, 3), 4) na 5) dị irè maka mmiri dị nro na ebe nwere nnukwu fluorine. A na-ejikarị osmosis azụ eme ihe ugbu a.
2. Isi ihe dị mkpa gbasara imepụta teknụzụ maka ịmịkọta nnu aluminom na iwepụ fluorine na mmiri ozuzo
Mmiri mmiri ozuzo nke na-agbakọta ọnụ dabara adaba maka mmiri a na-anaghị amị amị nke nwere fluoride nke < 4mg/L. Mmiri a na-anaghị amị amị nke nwere obere fluorine na mmiri a na-anaghị amị amị kwesịrị iwepụ n'otu oge. Onye na-eme ihe kwesịrị ịhọrọ nnu aluminom. Mgbe mmiri a na-anaghị amị amị nke dị elu, a na-eji aluminom sulfate. Mgbe mmiri a na-anaghị amị amị nke dị elu, a na-eji aluminom chloride; A na-eji aluminom chloride bụ isi mgbe ion abụọ ahụ dị elu.
Oge coagulation bụ nkeji 5-6, a na-achịkwakwa uru pH n'etiti 6.5 na 7.5. A ghaghị ịhazi tankị ịgwakọta, tankị mmeghachi omume flocculation, tankị sedimentation na mmiri ozuzo site na ọsọ dị iche iche ma ọ bụ mmiri ozuzo na-agbanwe agbanwe, yana mmetụta dị mma nke iwepụ fluorine.
Usoro nhazi: mmiri dị n'ime ala - coagulation - mmiri ozuzo - nzacha, mgbe mmiri dị mma, enwere ike iwepụ mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ ihe nzacha, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe tupu a ṅụọ mmiri mgbapụta, ịgwakọta mmiri mgbapụta, mmiri ozuzo guzoro, were mmiri dị n'elu maka ịṅụ ihe ọṅụṅụ.
3, nhazi usoro mwepụ fluorine na alumina a na-agba ọsọ
N'ozuzu, ala mmiri nwere nnukwu fluoride nwere alkalinity dị elu na PH > 8.0, ebe PH nwere nnukwu mmetụta na ikike nnabata nke alumina arụ ọrụ. Ike nnabata nke alumina arụ ọrụ bụ 4-5g (F-)/kg (Al2O3) mgbe PH nke oriri mmiri bụ 6.0-6.5. Na PH nke 6.5-7.0, ikike nnabata bụ 3-4g (F-)/kg (Al2O3). Na-enweghị mgbanwe PH, ikike nnabata bụ naanị ihe dị ka 1g (F-)/kg (Al2O3).
Alumina a na-arụ ọrụ bụ ihe nzacha ahụ, nha ihe ndị ahụ kwesịrị ịdị obere karịa 2.5mm, nke na-abụkarị 0.5-1.5mm, nke na-abụghị otu nha nke ihe nzacha ahụ K80≤2 mgbe ọdịnaya fluoride nke mmiri a na-anaghị amị amị erughị 4mg/L, ọkpụrụkpụ ihe nzacha ahụ kwesịrị ịdị karịa 1.5mm; Mgbe ọdịnaya fluoride nke mmiri a na-anaghị amị amị karịrị 4mg/L, ọkpụrụkpụ ihe nzacha ahụ kwesịrị ịdị karịa 1.8mm. Mgbe PH nke mmiri a na-abanye > 7.0, ọnụego nzacha ahụ na-abụkarị 2-3m/h, mgbe PH nke mmiri a na-abanye erughị 7.0, ọnụego nzacha ahụ na-abụkarị 6-8m/h, oge kọntaktị kwekọrọ kwesịrị ịbụ nkeji 20-30. A na-eji aluminom sulfate eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri dịghachi ndụ, oke nke dose na mwepụ fluorine bụ 60:1, ọdịnaya nke mmiri dị ọhụrụ bụ 2%-3%. N'oge mmeghari ohuru, a na-ebu ụzọ saa mmiri nkịtị site n'ala ruo n'elu site na ike ịsa ahụ nke 11-12l (s.m2), oge ịsa ahụ nke nkeji 5-8 na elu mgbasawanye nke ihe dị ka 50%. Mgbe ahụ, ejiri 2% aluminum sulfate solution mee mmeghari ohuru, nke a na-agafe site n'elu ruo ala na ọnụego nzacha nke ihe dị ka 0.6m/h ma dịgide nkeji 6-8. Mgbe emeghari ohuru, sachaa ya na mmiri defluorination. Ike ịsa ahụ bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka ịsa mbụ ma were nkeji 8-10.
Oge ozi: Ọgọst-22-2019