Nkọwa dị mkpirikpi nke ụdị alumina dị iche iche
Ụdị oxide aluminum dị iche iche a makwaara dị ka alumina pụrụ iche, aluminum oxide na-abụghị metallurgical ma ọ bụ kemịkalụ aluminum oxide, aluminum oxide na aluminum hydroxide nwere ngwaahịa dị iche iche ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa ndọtị. Dịka ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ ya si dị, enwere ike kewaa kristal, nha ihe dị n'ime ya, ịdị ọcha, ike, ogo sintering, wdg., n'ime ihe karịrị ụdị 300. Ọdịdị nke ọtụtụ ụdị alumina dị iche iche, ụfọdụ nwere ike isi ike dị ka sapphire, ụfọdụ nwere ike ịdị nro dị ka ntụ ntụ talcum; Ụfọdụ nwere njupụta doro anya nke karịrị 3,200kg / m, ebe ndị ọzọ nwere njupụta nke na-erughị 3.2kg / m. Ụfọdụ ihe na-adịghị agbaze, mana ụfọdụ nwere ike ịgbaze na acid na ntọala, yana ọrụ dị mkpa; Ụfọdụ mmiri nwere ike ịdị ka ájá sieving, mana ụfọdụ bụ viscous ma ọ bụ ọbụna thixotropic colloid ma enweghị ike ịchacha; Ụfọdụ nhazi kristal na dayameta kristal nke ọtụtụ mgbanwe, ụfọdụ bụ amorphous; Ụfọdụ nwere ikike adsorption dị elu, ụfọdụ enweghị ikike adsorption; Ụfọdụ bụ ihe na-akpali akpali na ụfọdụ bụ inert. Agbanyeghị, njirimara a na-ahụkarị nke Ụdị alumina niile, n'ụdị ọ bụla, bụ na a na-agbanwe ha ka ha bụrụ alpha alumina ma ọ bụrụ na e kpoo ha ọkụ ruo ogologo oge n'okpomọkụ dị oke elu. A na-ejikarị ụdị alumina dị iche iche eme ihe na kemistri, ọgwụ, ihe na-akpali akpali, roba, plastik, ime akwụkwọ, ihe na-ejupụta, agba na ihe ndị ọzọ. Site na mmepe nke sayensị na teknụzụ na itinye ihe ọhụrụ n'ọrụ, ahịa nke ọtụtụ ụdị alumina na-abawanye ụba.
Ii. Nhazi nke ụdị alumina dị iche iche
(I) Ụdị dị iche iche nke aluminom hydroxide
1. Nhazi nke ọtụtụ ụdị aluminum hydroxide:
(1) Ihe e ji emeju ihe n'ụdị aluminom hydroxide nkịtị, D50 = 50 m, 70 m;
(2) Ntụ ntụ alumina hydroxide dị mma, D50 ≤20 m;
(3) ntụ ntụ aluminom hydroxide dị obere (ultrafine aluminum hydroxide), D50 ≤1 m;
(4) Aluminom hydroxide ọcha kpọrọ nkụ, ọcha ya ≥93%;
(5) Hydoxide aluminom ọcha dị elu (agate artificial na ihe e ji mee mabụl eme ihe), ọcha ≥95%;
(6) Alkalịọnị hydroxide dị ala (sodium), Na2O+K2O≤0.10%;
(7) Ọla kọnịọnị hydroxide dị ala, Fe2O3≤0.005%;
(8) bauxite dị gịrịgịrị, nke nwere ụdị kristal? -alooh dị ka bauxite monohydrous nke nwere 1-2 kristal mmiri;
(9) Gel aluminom hydroxide, kristal al2O3.NH2O, isi ihe bụ ụdị kristal amorphous.
2. OJIJI nke ụdị dị iche iche nke aluminom hydroxide:
(1) Ejiri ya mee ihe dịka ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ
Aluminom hydroxide bụ ihe na-eme ka ihe na-egbu ọkụ ghara ịdị mma maka plastik, roba na ihe ndị ọzọ e ji eme polima na ákwà ndị ọzọ. Ihe ndị e ji aka mee nke nwere aluminum hydroxide dị ka ihe na-ejupụta bụ: polyester, epoxy, phenolic, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, butyraldehyde roba, neoprene, silicone roba na mkpuchi ihe na-egbu ọkụ dị elu, kapeeti ọkụ, kanvas ọkụ, eriri ihe na-ebufe ọkụ na ndị ọzọ. N'ihi na aluminum hydroxide bụ ntụ ntụ ọcha, ihe onwunwe ya na ihe onwunwe kemịkalụ ya kwụsiri ike n'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, enweghị mmiri mmiri, enweghị mgbanwe agba, enweghị ihe na-egbu egbu na-adịghị emerụ ahụ enweghị isi, enwere ike ịhazi nha ihe dịka mmepụta dị mkpa. Mgbe okpomọkụ ọkụ gafere 200℃, aluminum hydroxide na-amalite ịmịkọrọ okpomọkụ ma gbazee, na-ewepụta mmiri kristal atọ. Ka okpomọkụ dị elu, otú ahụ ka ọsọ nke mmebi ga-adị ngwa ngwa, si otú a na-egbochi mmụba nke okpomọkụ polymer ma na-arụ ọrụ nke oyi, mbelata ire ọkụ na mgbochi ọkụ.
(2) Ejiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe e ji emeju ihe maka nkume agate e ji aka rụọ na mabụl e ji aka rụọ
Site na aluminom hydroxide na polyester resin nke na-enweghị afọ ojuju ma ọ bụ methacrylate resin, ọ nwere ike imepụta ihe ịchọ mma marble na agate na ihe ndị dị ọcha. Ebe ọ bụ na aluminom hydroxide nwere ihe na-eme ka ọ dị nro (1.57) nke dị nnọọ nso na nke polyester resin, a na-enye ngwaahịa artificial ìhè na-enwu gbaa ma na-eju afọ, enwere ike itinye agba dị iche iche iji mepụta ụkpụrụ na nkọwapụta dị iche iche. Ngwaahịa a nwekwara njirimara nke ọkwa dị elu, ibu dị mfe, enweghị radieshon, enweghị mgbawa, obere ịkpụ, wdg, a na-ejikwa ya nke ukwuu ugbu a.
(3) Eji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe e ji eme akwụkwọ
A na-ejikarị aluminom hydroxide eme ihe dị ka ihe mkpuchi elu, ihe na-emeju ihe na akwụkwọ na-anaghị ere ere n'ime mmepụta akwụkwọ. A na-eji nnukwu ultrafine aluminum hydroxide mara mma site na ịdị ọcha dị elu, nha obere ihe, nkesa otu nha, na ọdịdị kristal kwụ ọtọ, wdg. Ọ nwere ike dochie ntụ ntụ ọcha titanium n'ihi na ọ naghị ebelata ọcha na ìhè akwụkwọ, chekwaa ọnụ ahịa akwụkwọ, melite gloss akwụkwọ, ma melite arụmọrụ mbipụta.
(4) A na-eji ya emeju ihe e ji asa ezé
Aluminom hydroxide nwere njirimara esemokwu dị nro ma bụrụ nke ihe na-anọpụ iche, itinye ezé ezé dị ka ihe na-akpata esemokwu nwere ike iwepụ unyi dị n'ezé na chịngọm nke ọma n'enweghị mmebi. Nha nke aluminom hydroxide eji eme ihe dị ka ihe na-ejupụta ezé ezé na-abụkarị D50 ≤7 m, mgbakwunye alkali ga-abụrịrị < 0.01%.
(5) Ejiri ya mee ihe dịka ihe eji emepụta ọgwụ
Otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi dị na ọgwụ afọ bụ aluminum hydroxide, nke nwere ike iwepụ acid afọ ma bụrụ ezigbo ihe eji eme ọgwụ afọ.
(6) Dị ka ihe ndị e ji kemịkalụ rụọ
Ebe ọ bụ na aluminom hydroxide bụ ihe mejupụtara amphoteric, enwere ike ịgbaze ya ngwa ngwa na acid siri ike ma ọ bụ alkali, yabụ ọ ghọọla ihe eji emepụta ọtụtụ nnu aluminom. Dịka aluminum sulfate na alum bụ ngwaahịa nke aluminom hydroxide iji meghachi omume na sulfuric acid na nnu ya, polyaluminium chloride bụ ngwaahịa nke aluminom hydroxide iji meghachi omume na hydrochloric acid, aluminom fluoride bụ ngwaahịa nke aluminom hydroxide iji meghachi omume na hydrofluoric acid, wdg, na aluminum hydroxide (ma ọ bụ sodium aluminate solution) dị ka ihe eji emepụta ihe, nwere ike ịmepụta 3 a, 4 a, 5 a 13 x molecular sieves, 10 x, na ụdị Y molecular sieves.
(2) Alumina arụ ọrụ
E nwere ụdị kristal asatọ nke alumina:,,,,,, na. Site na ikpo ọkụ na iwepụ mmiri n'ime alumina hydroxide na okpomọkụ dị iche iche, enwere ike nweta ụdị kristal dị iche iche nke alumina oxide. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụrụ na a kpụọ ya n'ọkụ na okpomọkụ karịrị 1200℃, ụdị kristal ndị ọzọ nke alumina oxide ga-emesịa ghọọ -alumina. A na-akpọ Alpha - alumina alumina alumina alumina alumina alumina alumina alumina alumina alumina alumina alumina alumina alumina alumina alumina alumina alumina aminara, a na-akpọkwa kristal asaa ndị ọzọ alumina alumina alumina alumina aminara, nke a makwaara dị ka alumina aminara.
Dịka mmiri alumina, usoro na usoro mgbanwe nke usoro dị iche iche dịkwa iche n'ihi ọdịiche dị na okpomọkụ ịsacha ihe, oge ịsacha ihe na mmeju nke mmiri. Mgbe a na-akpọ aluminum hydroxide mmiri ngwa ngwa na 400-600 ℃, n'ihi mwepụ mmiri, kristal ya na-agbaze, elu kristal na-agbaze, ọtụtụ oghere na mgbawa na-etolite, si otú a na-ebute mmụba dị nkọ na mpaghara elu kpọmkwem. Alumina nwere usoro oghere ezi uche dị na ya, olu oghere buru ibu na mpaghara elu akọwapụtara dị elu nwere ọrụ dị elu. Enwere ike iji ihe na-akpali akpali ma ọ bụ ihe na-akpali akpali nke ọ na-emepụta mee ihe maka isi ísì ụtọ, mgbawa ma ọ bụ njikọta hydrocarbon, ịkpọnwụ mmiri, oxidation, dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, reforming, desulfurization, dechloritization, defluorination na ihe ndị ọzọ. Enwere ike ịtụgharị alumina a na-arụ ọrụ n'ime bọọlụ ma ọ bụ pịnye ya n'ime iberibe dị ka ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na hygroscopic maka mmiri mmiri na gas, nke a na-eji eme ihe maka friji, ịkpọ nkụ ikuku, ịkpọ nkụ ikuku ngwa na ntinye nhọrọ nke ihe ndị na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ na usoro ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwere nrapado siri ike, bụ ihe eji emepụta ihe ndị na-anaghị emegharị ọkụ-ụrọ.
(3) Aluminom na-adịghị arụ ọrụ
A na-akpọkwa oxide aluminum inert dị ka oxide aluminum dị elu, hydroxide aluminum ma ọ bụ oxide aluminum kristal ndị ọzọ nke e ji okpomọkụ 1200℃ ma ọ bụ karịa mee ka ọ dị elu - kristal aluminum oxide. Dịka oxide metal, alpha-alumina nwere ezigbo ihe anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ. Ọ nwere njikọ dị mma n'etiti molekul, obere kristal zuru oke, ma nwee ike iguzogide mgbanwe kemịkalụ dị iche iche. N'otu oge ahụ, alpha-alumina nwekwara uru nke ebe agbaze elu (2050℃), ike dị elu, arụmọrụ mkpuchi dị mma, ike igwe dị elu, ezigbo nguzogide abrasion, na ike iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu na mmetụta mmetụta okpomọkụ, yabụ a na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ akụkụ ndị a:
1. ihe na-adịghị mma
N'ihi oke agbaze ya, ezigbo ihe eji arụ ọrụ na iguzogide nchara n'oge okpomọkụ dị elu, a na-eji alpha-alumina emepụta ihe dị iche iche na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, dịka brik mullite na alumina na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, brik na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na corundum na ngwaahịa corundum, yana amorphous refractory castables.
2. Seramiki alumina dị elu
N'ihi oke olu nke -alumina buru ibu, o nwere ike ịmepụta ahụ dị obere, na-eguzogide iyi na ike igwe dị elu, yabụ ọ dabara maka mmepụta nke porcelain na-eguzogide iyi, dị ka egweri na ọtụtụ bọọlụ porcelain, nozzle sandblast, ahịhịa mmiri, wdg, kamakwa n'ihi ezigbo iguzogide okpomọkụ ya, ike mmetụta okpomọkụ, dabara maka mmepụta ngwaọrụ seramiiki. N'ihi arụmọrụ mkpuchi okpomọkụ ya dị elu, obere sodium -alumina dabara adaba maka mmepụta nke plọg ọkụ na ihe mkpuchi maka ngwa eletriki dị elu, obere ihe nkiri eletriki agbakwunyere, akụkụ ọkọlọtọ na porcelain mkpuchi ugboro ugboro ndị ọzọ. A na-ejikarị Alpha-alumina eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na mmepụta nke seramiiki ụlọ ọrụ, seramiiki ụlọ ọrụ, seramiiki eletriki eletrọnịkị, ihe ndị dị ọcha na seramiiki dị ndụ, yana seramiiki usoro, dị ka brik seramiiki nke ejiri alfa-alumina, ala seramiiki, mkpanaka seramiiki, ọkpọkọ seramiiki, nzacha seramiiki, wdg.
3. Ihe na-emebi emebi (ihe na-eguzogide abrasion)
N'ihi oke ike ya, enwere ike iji alpha-alumina mee ihe dị ka ihe e ji egweri ihe, ihe e ji egweri ihe na ihe ndị na-eguzogide iyi. Ọ bụrụ na enwere ike iji ya dị ka ígwè, ígwè na-abụghị ferrous, plastik, osisi ma ọ bụ eriri osisi na ụdị nkume niile (gụnyere jade) ihe e ji egweri ihe na ihe e ji amịcha ihe, ọ nwere ike ime ka wiil, ngwaọrụ ntụgharị na ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ e ji egbutu ihe, enwere ike iji ya mee ihe na oyi akwa osisi mejupụtara na ụfọdụ ngwa ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa ígwè.
(4) Aluminium ultrafine dị ọcha nke ukwuu
Ọcha dị elu nke ultrafine aluminum oxide na-ezo aka na ọdịnaya nke AL2O3 > 99.99%, granularity < 1 mu m elu ọcha superfine alumina ntụ ntụ, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka transperent alumina sintering, fluorescent carrier, elu nrụgide sodium lamp, elu ọkwa anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ akụrụngwa, ọkpụkpụ artificial, semiconductor substrate substrate (C), ihe e ji ekpuchi teepu ndekọ, super filter medium, elu-ọkwa abrasive ihe, pụrụ iche seramiiki, ngwaọrụ ịcha, elu-ọcha crucible, gburugburu axis, bombarding target, oven tube, ihe nkwakọ ngwaahịa, otu kristal ihe, nkume artificial, wdg.;Ọ nwere ike imeziwanye obere, imecha, oyi na-atụ na ọkụ ike ọgwụgwụ, ike mgbawa na nguzogide creep nke seramiiki.Ọ nwere ike imeziwanye iyi nke ngwaahịa molekul, ejiri maka plastik, nkwado roba na ike siri ike, iyi na-eguzogide, elu-okpomọkụ mkpuchi ihe na-eguzogide okpomọkụ na ihe ndozi ịchọ mma dị elu;N'otu oge ahụ, a na-ejikwa ya dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali na ihe na-akpali akpali na ụlọ ọrụ petrochemical na fatịlaịza, teknụzụ laser dị ka ihe eji eme ihe maka laser neodymium iko na ruby laser ihe, dị ka ihe mkpuchi dị elu na ụlọ ọrụ ike, aerospace ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, dịka ọgwụgwọ elu maka ụgbọelu ụgbọelu, rọketi na satịlaịtị arụrụ arụ, wdg. Site na ọganihu nke ọha mmadụ na mmepe nke sayensị na teknụzụ, ubi ojiji nke ịdị ọcha dị elu na alumina dị mma na-agbasakwa, atụmanya ahịa dịkwa mma nke ukwuu.
(5) Corundum
A na-akpọ kristal alumina nke na-apụta n'okike corundum, nke na-enwekarị agba dị iche iche n'ihi adịghị ọcha dị iche iche. O nwere enyo iko ma ọ bụ dayamọnd, nke nwere njupụta nke 3.9-4.1g /cm3 na ike nke 8.8. A na-akpọkwa corundum eke nkume dị oke ọnụ ahịa. Ndị nwere obere chromium oxide na kristal bụ ruby, ndị nwere obere ígwè na titanium adịghị ọcha bụ sapphire, ndị nwere obere ígwè na kobalt adịghị ọcha bụ emerald.
Ihe e ji emepụta corundum eke n'okike dị obere nke ukwuu, a na-ejikwa ya eme ihe ịchọ mma. A na-eji aka arụ ọrụ emepụta corundum e ji emepụta ihe. E nwere ụdị corundum abụọ e ji aka rụọ: corundum e ji aka rụọ na corundum e ji aka rụọ. E nwere ụdị corundum ndị a:
1. Agwakọta corundum
Alumina a gwakọtara agwakọta bụ nke alumina ọcha na nke alumina aja aja gwakọtara agwakọta.
A na-eji alumina ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe emepụta corundum ọcha a gwakọtara agwakọta ma gbazee ya n'ime ọkụ arc na okpomọkụ dị elu karịa 2000℃. O nwere njirimara nke ịdị ọcha dị elu, ịdị ọcha dị elu, ike siri ike dị elu, ịdị nkọ onwe onye dị mma, ike ịkpụcha ike, obere okpomọkụ, iguzogide nchara, iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu, ezigbo nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ na ihe ndị ọzọ. Enwere ike iji ya mee ihe eji agwakọta na imepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ dị elu, ngwaọrụ e ji ya gwerie, igwe carbon dị elu na ígwè anaghị agba nchara; A na-ejikwa ya nke ọma na mmepụta nke ebu dị elu na-adịghị mma na nke ziri ezi, nke a na-eji eme seramiiki pụrụ iche na ihe ndị agha, eletrọnịkị na ihe ndị ọzọ dị elu; A pụkwara iji Corundum nke sitere na ịdị ọcha dị elu nke ultrafine alumina mee dị ka nkume e ji aka rụọ.
A na-eji bauxite, anthracite na scrap iron eme corundum aja aja, nke a makwaara dị ka emery, site n'ịgbaze ya n'ọkụ eletriki n'oge okpomọkụ dị elu karịa 2000℃. Agba ya bụ aja aja.
A na-eji corundum aja aja mara ya site n'ike dị elu, nnukwu njupụta ikpo, ezigbo kristal, obere mmụba kwụ ọtọ, ezigbo ike na iguzogide nchara, wdg. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ihe eji eme ka ájá kpụọ, ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya, ihe nzacha, ihe e ji egbutu ihe, ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị mma, ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị mma na ihe e ji seramiiki mee.
2. Corundum a mịrị amị
A na-eji ígwè corundum eme ihe nke ọma ma ọ bụ nke dị ọcha nke alumina bauxite eme ihe, nke e ji ihe e ji egweri ihe ma ọ bụ ahụ mee, na okpomọkụ dị elu nke 1750-1900 ℃, ọ nwekwara nnukwu ihe nzuzo, obere porosity, ọka nwere nnukwu ike, ezigbo ihe mgbochi okpomọkụ na oke okpomọkụ na iguzogide mbuze, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ime ihe na-adịghị mma na ihe na-emebi emebi.
3. Corundum dị n'elu tebụl
Efere corundum bụ ụdị ntụ ntụ aluminom oxide nke nwere ịdị ọcha dị elu, nke a na-ebu ụzọ ghee, kpụọ ya ma kpọọ nkụ ma kpụọ ya na okpomọkụ dị elu nke 1850-1950℃. E ji efere na kristal flake mepụta ya nke ọma, nke nwere nnukwu nha ọka. Ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị ọcha nke ọma, ọ kwụsiri ike nke ọma, obere mbelata mgbe emechara ya ọzọ, ọ na-eguzogidekwa okpomọkụ siri ike. A na-emepụta efere corundum site na sintering, kamakwa site na agbaze ọkụ eletrik.
6) nnu aluminom
Nnu aluminom na-ezo aka na ngwakọta nke aluminom. Naanị nnu aluminom ole na ole a na-ejikarị eme ihe ka akọwara ebe a.
1. Aluminom sulfate
Aluminum sulfate nwere aluminum sulfate na polyaluminum sulfate, aluminum ammonium sulfate (ammonium alum), aluminum sulfate potassium (alum ma ọ bụ potassium alum), nke na-ejikarị sulfuric acid na aluminum hydroxide ma ọ bụ bauxite, kaolin, fly ash na mmepụta mmeghachi omume mineral aluminom ndị ọzọ. A na-ejikarị aluminum sulfate eme ihe dị ka ihe na-emepụta ihe, ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha, ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha, wdg, a na-ejikwa ya eme ihe na mmepụta nke ngwaahịa kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ nwere aluminom. A na-ejikarị Polyaluminum sulfate eme ihe maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri dị n'elu; Enwere ike iji alum mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eko achịcha, ihe na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị ọcha na ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị mmiri mmiri maka nri. A na-ejikwa alum eme ihe na ọgwụ ọdịnala ndị China na ntụ ntụ achịcha. A na-ejikwa ya eme ihe n'ime akwụkwọ, eserese na dị ka ihe na-egbochi mmiri.
2. Aluminium chloride
A na-eji aluminom chloride na polyaluminum chloride (aluminum sol) eme ihe na carbonate nke aluminom, nke a na-akwadebekarị site na mmeghachi omume nke hydrochloric acid na aluminom ọla, aluminom hydroxide ma ọ bụ mineral nwere aluminom. Aluminum chloride na polyaluminum chloride bụ ụdị ihe nhicha mmiri nwere ọnụ ala dị ala na mmetụta dị mma, a pụkwara iji ha mee ihe dị ka nha akwụkwọ, ime ka shuga dị ọcha, ịkpụzi ihe, ákwà mgbochi wrinkles, ihe na-ebu ihe na-akpali akpali, ihe na-ejikọ, ime ka ọgwụ dị ọcha, ime ka simenti dị ngwa ngwa, ihe ịchọ mma, wdg.
3. Aluminom fluoride na sodium fluoride
Aluminom fluoride na sodium fluoaluminate bụ nnu fluoride abụọ bụ́ isi. A na-ejikarị aluminom fluoride eme ihe dị ka ihe na-edozi ihe na ihe na-eme ka aluminom na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ọ bụ ntụ ntụ ọcha nwere kristal dị ka agịga. Usoro mmepụta nke aluminom fluoride nwere usoro mmiri mmiri na usoro akọrọ. N'ihi ihe achọrọ maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, a na-ewepụ usoro mmiri mmiri ahụ kpamkpam ma jiri usoro akọrọ eme ihe maka mmepụta. Usoro usoro mmepụta akọrọ nke aluminom fluoride gụnyere usoro ihe ndina mmiri mmiri nke ụlọ ọrụ Luqi na Germany, usoro ihe ndina mmiri mmiri dị iche iche nke ụlọ ọrụ Booth na Switzerland na njikọ HF ALF3 usoro nke ọkụ ọkụ dị n'ime na mpụga nke ụlọ ọrụ Pincnair na France. Usoro akọrọ bụ imepụta calcium sulfate (gypsum) na gas HF site na mmeghachi omume nke fluorite na sulfuric acid, wee mepụta aluminum fluoride site na mmeghachi omume nke gas HF na aluminum hydroxide mgbe akpọnwụchara. Mgbe mmepụta fatịlaịza phosphate sitere na mmepụta fluorosilicic acid nke aluminum fluoride, usoro usoro mmiri nke ụlọ ọrụ Austrian Linz, nke mbụ na-emezu ihe achọrọ nke ngwọta fluorosilicic acid tupu ọkụ, wee banye na tankị a kpaliri ya na aluminum hydroxide (ma ọ bụ bauxite slurry) na mmeghachi omume okpomọkụ ụfọdụ, aluminum fluoride na silica (mmiri mmiri); Ọzọkwa, enwere ike iji mmiri ammonia na mmeghachi omume fluorosilicic acid, nhazi nke ammonium fluoride na silica gel (mmiri mmiri), wee jiri ngwọta ammonium fluoride na aluminum hydroxide n'okpuru mmeghachi omume okpomọkụ na nrụgide ụfọdụ, nhazi nke aluminom fluoride.
Sodium fluoroaluminate (a makwaara dị ka cryolite) bụ fluoride dị mgbagwoju anya, nke na-abụkarị ihe na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ ntụ ntụ, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na aluminom electrolytic dị ka ihe mgbaze. Usoro mmepụta nke sodium fluoroaluminate gụnyere usoro soda fluoroaluminate, nke na-amalite imeghachi omume na hydrofluoric acid na aluminum hydroxide iji mepụta fluoroaluminate, wee meghachi omume na soda iji mepụta sodium fluoroaluminate (cryolite).
4. Nnu aluminom ndị ọzọ
A pụrụ iji aluminom nitrate mee ihe dị ka ihe na-akpali mmepụta ihe ndị sitere n'okike, ihe na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ibipụta ma na-agba agba, ihe na-eme ka akpụkpọ anụ dị ọcha, wdg, nke a na-ejikarị nitric acid eme ihe site na iji aluminom ma ọ bụ aluminom hydroxide.
A pụrụ iji aluminom phosphate mee ihe dị ka ọgwụ ahụhụ na-egbu nje. A na-esikarị ya ọkụ site n'ịkpọ ntụ aluminom agwakọtara na phosphorus uhie.
Mkpọchi molekul nke usoro phosphate aluminom nwere ikike mgbanwe ion dị elu na ọrụ catalytic ma e ji mmeghachi omume nke aluminum hydroxide na phosphoric acid kwadebe ya.
A pụrụ iji aluminom dihydrogen tripolyphosphate mee ihe dị ka agba na-egbochi mmebi anụ ahụ, ihe na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị ọcha (deodorant), ethylene ruo ihe na-akpali ethanol, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe site na aluminom metal ma ọ bụ aluminom hydroxide site na phosphoric acid.
Ultrafine aluminum silicate bụ ntụ ntụ ọcha amorphous nke nwere nkwusioru dị mma ma dịkwa ọcha. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ikpuchi, akpụkpọ anụ, mbipụta na agba agba, ink mbipụta, ime akwụkwọ, plastik, roba na akụkụ ndị ọzọ yana agba ndị ọzọ (ntụ ntụ ọcha titanium). Enwere ike iji kristal aluminum silicate mee ihe dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali maka methanol gas phase dehydration iji mepụta dimethyl ether. Enwere ike iji aluminum silicate nkịtị mee ihe dị ka ihe mkpuchi. A na-akwadebe aluminum silicate site na mmeghachi omume nke iko mmiri na aluminum sulfate.
Enwere ike iji kristal aluminom borate dị ka plastik, ígwè, ihe nkwado seramiiki, n'ozuzu ya na aluminom oxide na boron ma ọ bụ boron oxide agwakọtara, mgbe emechara kọntaktị okpomọkụ dị elu, ọ nwekwara ike ịbụ uzuoku mmiri n'ime steeti gas nke aluminom fluoride na boron oxide, nke a na-eme kristal aluminom borate.
(vii) ọtụtụ ụdị alumina ndị ọzọ na ngwaahịa ndọtị ndị yiri ya
Ụdị alumina ndị ọzọ ka nwere carbonated aluminom, aluminum oxide fiber, aluminum oxide film, SB powder, tinyekwara aluminum gallium alloy shot, trimethyl-aluminium na organic aluminum ndị ọzọ bụkwa ngwaahịa nwere ọdịnaya teknụzụ dị elu. Eriri alumina nwere -Al2O3 single crystal fiber, -Al2O3 long fiber, -Al2O3 short fiber, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka metal, plastik, roba, seramiiki reinforcing material, refractory insulation material na refractory material maka rocket launch trajectory, mmanụ-water emulsion, mmanụ-water mixture na gluu liquid kewapụ na filtration material, a na-ejikwa ya dị ka catalyst carrier maka mgbanwe hydrocarbon. SB powder bụ ihe eji eme hydrogenation catalyst na ndị ọzọ dị elu catalyst. A na-emepụta alumina na hydrogen site na mmeghachi omume siri ike nke aluminum-gallium alloy pellets na mmiri, nke bụ usoro mmepụta hydrogen zuru oke maka ụgbọ ala hydrogen n'ọdịnihu. A na-eji Trimethyl aluminum dị ka olefin polymerization catalyst, mmanụ rocket na ihe eji eme trimethyl gallium.
A pụrụ iji bauxite ree ihe ndị na-anaghị emegharị ahụ, ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri gwọọ, ihe ndị na-eme ka mmanụ fracturing dị n'ime ala, corundum aja aja na simenti alumina dị elu, ntụ ntụ calcium aluminate ma ọ bụ simenti calcium aluminate, wdg, a pụkwara iji usoro ọkụ eletrik mepụta ihe ndị na-eme ka aluminium-silicon dị n'ime ala.
A pụrụ iji apịtị uhie nke alumina na-emepụta mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha ma na-emeziwanye ala maka ụlọ ọrụ ike ọkụ coal. Mgbe ewepụrụ sodium, a pụrụ iji ya mepụta simenti, ihe ndị e ji mgbidi rụọ, ceramsite, wdg. Site na apịtị uhie, a pụkwara iji ntụ ígwè, scandium dị ụkọ, bismuth na ọla ndị ọzọ dị oké ọnụ ahịa wepụta.
A pụrụ iji ihe ndị dị n'etiti aluminum oxide, mmiri sodium aluminate na solid sodium aluminate (clinker siri ike) mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị mma; a pụrụ ịchọta ma wepụta Gallium, vanadium na ọla ndị ọzọ dị oké ọnụ ahịa site na mmanya nne nke alumina mepụtara.
Oge ozi: Sep-15-2020