Cov tshuaj sib txawv siv los npaj cov iav sib xyaw ua ke hu ua cov khoom siv iav raw. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb yog cov khoom siv uas qhia ntau yam oxides rau hauv iav los tsim lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv iav, uas txiav txim siab cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm iav. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb yog xuab zeb quartz, feldspar, limestone, dolomite, soda ash thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom siv no feem ntau muab los ua hmoov tam sim no. (1) cov khoom siv raw ntawm silica cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm silica yog xuab zeb silica (tseem hu ua xuab zeb quartz), uas tuaj yeem faib ua xuab zeb silica ntuj thiab xuab zeb silica ua tiav raws li nws lub xeev uas twb muaj lawm hauv xwm. Vim yog qhov nyuaj ntawm nws cov txheej txheem tsim, cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm xuab zeb silica ntuj feem ntau hloov pauv ntau heev, tab sis nws cov khoom me me faib yog sib xws. Rau qhov zoo ntawm xuab zeb silica ntuj, yuav tsum tau them sai sai kom tswj tau cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw, qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov khoom siv hnyav refractory. Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg feem ntau tswj cov ntsiab lus ntawm Fez 03, thiab tau muab qib thiab siv raws li nws qhov zoo. Qhov zoo ntawm silica xuab zeb yog teev nyob rau hauv lub rooj 2-16.2) kev ua cov xuab zeb silica ua cov xuab zeb silica yog pob zeb quartz lossis sandstone raw ore los ntawm qee cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua thiab tsim cov khoom siv siliceous raw. Vim tias qhov huv ntawm quartzite lossis sandstone ore feem ntau siab dua, cov ntsiab lus impurity tsawg dua thiab ruaj khov, qib ntawm silica xuab zeb tsim los ntawm kev ua yog siab dua thiab ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm quartzite lossis sandstone ore mus rau muaj silica xuab zeb nrog qee qhov loj me, nws nyuaj rau tswj cov noob loj, yog li tus nqi siab. Silica xuab zeb feem ntau yog ua los ntawm txoj kev ntub dej, nrog qee qhov dej noo. Silica xuab zeb yog cov khoom siv nyuaj tshaj plaws rau yaj. Qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me, qhov faib ntawm cov khoom me me thiab cov duab ntawm cov khoom me me muaj cov teebmeem tseem ceeb rau kev sib tov, yaj thiab homogenization ntawm composite. Qhov txo qis ntawm cov khoom me me yog qhov zoo rau kev yaj ntawm iav, tab sis qhov zoo dua qhov zoo dua. Silica xuab zeb hmoov yuav muaj vim yog pawg, qhov sib txawv granular muaj nyob rau hauv ntau tus lej ntawm cov npuas me me los ntawm kev nyuaj yaj, tib lub sijhawm kuj tseem muaj cov hmoov xuab zeb silica tuaj yeem ua ntej thiab cov khoom siv xws li sodium, calcium, magnesium hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim cov khoom siv yaj thawj zaug, viscosity, yooj yim ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txheej hauv cov qib siab, ua rau lwm cov khoom siv refractory hauv cov pawg. Cov duab ntawm cov xuab zeb zoo dua nrog cov duab angular, vim tias cov duab angular ntawm thaj chaw nto loj, thiab cov sijhawm sib cuag flux, thaum sib tov, kev thauj mus los tsis yooj yim rau txheej. Cov xuab zeb silica yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas thiab lees txais hauv thaj chaw khawb av. Cov dej noo ntawm cov xuab zeb silica yuav tsum tau tswj hwm qis dua 8% thaum cov ore raug tsim, thiab qis dua 5% thaum cov xuab zeb raug thauj khoom hauv lub chaw ua haujlwm. Tus nqi ntawm cov dej noo hloov pauv yog 0.4%. Rooj 2-17 qhia txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua zoo ntawm cov khoom siv siliceous. (2) cov ntsiab lus ntawm A12 03 hauv lub raj mis iav feem ntau yog 2.0% ~ 5.0%. Cov fwj iav dawb siab ntawm A12 03 feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm alumina thiab aluminium hydroxide los ntes, tab sis txo qhov yuav tsum tau ua zoo ntawm lub thawv iav thiab xim iav, kuj tuaj yeem xaiv siv sodium feldspar, potassium feldspar, lossis calcium feldspar los kos rau hauv kev siv feldspar spectacular A120 3 tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom ntawm feldspar Naz O lossis K2 0 tuaj yeem hloov ib feem ntawm cov tshauv soda, yog qhov zoo rau lub kaw lus iav yaj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus ntawm hlau hauv feldspar feem ntau yog siab dua, Fe2 03 tsawg dua 0.1% ntawm ob peb heev, yog li tsuas yog siv tau rau lub raj mis dav dav thiab lub khob iav, thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv rau lub raj mis qib siab dua thiab lub khob iav. Feldspar raws li nws cov tshuaj sib txawv tuaj yeem faib ua plaub hom potassium feldspar, sodium feldspar, calcium feldspar, barium feldspar. Hauv xwm, muaj ob peb qhov chaw tso nyiaj ntawm plaub lub feldspars, feem ntau ntawm cov no tau sib xyaw nrog lwm cov zaub mov sib txawv. Rooj 2-18 teev cov kev cai zoo rau cov ntaub ntawv feldspar. (3) Na20, cov khoom siv raw ntawm sodium oxide, yog cov dej ntws zoo rau iav. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm Na20 hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov fwj iav thiab cov kaus poom muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov xwm txheej yaj ntawm iav, uas feem ntau nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 14% ~ 16% tam sim no. Na2 0 hauv lub raj mis iav feem ntau yog qhia los ntawm cov tshauv dej qab zib. Cov tshauv dej qab zib yog ib hom tshuaj raw khoom, nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog Naz C03. Cov tshauv dej qab zib yog muab faib ua cov dej qab zib siv lead ua (Na2 C03 · 10H20) thiab cov dej qab zib calcined (Naz C03). Feem ntau ntawm cov tshauv dej qab zib siv hauv kev lag luam iav yog calcined soda tsis muaj dej siv lead ua los ntawm ammonia alkali txoj kev. Calcined soda tshauv yog hmoov dawb, yooj yim yaj hauv dej, yooj yim nqus dej hauv huab cua thiab deliquescence, caking, yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau hauv lub tsev khaws khoom qhuav. Soda tshauv yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm iav. Cov alkali hnyav yuav tsum nyiam dua rau lub raj mis iav. Piv nrog rau lub teeb alkali, cov alkali hnyav muaj qhov xoob zoo, hygroscopicity, tsawg dua ya thiab txheej txheej, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov sib xws thiab yaj ntawm cov khoom. Tab sis cov hmoov tshauv dej qab zib tuab dhau tsis tuaj yeem koom tes zoo nrog lwm cov khoom siv refractory hauv cov khoom sib npaug pab cov nyhuv fusion, yuav ua rau tsis sib xws nrog cov khoom sib xyaw nws tus kheej, cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm iav yaj thiab kev ua kom meej, yog li ntawd, qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog ntawm 0.22 ~ 0.42 hli. Qhov chaw uas muaj cov tshauv dej qab zib ntev, feem ntau muaj 5% ~ 8% dej, thaum siv yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws sijhawm ntawm cov dej noo. Qhov volatilization ntawm cov tshauv dej qab zib thaum lub sijhawm iav yaj yog 0.5% ~ 3.2%. Cov tshauv dej qab zib calcined feem ntau muaj me ntsis ntawm Nacl, vim Cl yog qhov ua haujlwm heev, qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv refractory yog qhov loj heev. Qhov ntau ntawm cov tshauv dej qab zib yog loj, thiab qhov sib sau ua ke ntawm Cl hauv cov kua iav tau nyiam cov xim ntawm kev lag luam tsis ntev los no. (4) lub luag haujlwm ntawm potassium oxide (K20) hauv iav zoo ib yam li Na20. Hauv kev tsim cov fwj thiab cov kaus poom iav, me me ntawm K20 yog siv los hloov ib feem me me ntawm Na20, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kom cov ntsuas refractive ntawm iav thiab txhim kho qhov ci thiab kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom. Kev ruaj khov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm ob lub alkali oxides hauv iav zoo dua li ntawm ib lub alkali oxide. Hauv qhov piv ntawm ob, muaj ib qho zoo tshaj plaws, qhov tshwm sim yog. Kev sib xyaw ua ke. Cov nyhuv ntawm K2 0 ntawm cov coefficient nthuav dav thermal ntawm iav yog ntau dua li ntawm Na20. Yog li ntawd, thaum hloov ib feem ntawm Na20 nrog K20, qhov cuam tshuam rau cov coefficient nthuav dav thermal ntawm iav yuav tsum tau xav txog. K20 hauv lub raj mis iav feem ntau yog qhia los ntawm calcining potassium carbonate. Thaum cov potassium carbonate yaj hauv iav, qhov poob ntawm K20 yog li 12% ntawm nws qhov hnyav. Cov kev xav tau zoo rau cov potassium carbonate yog: K2 C03 tsawg dua 96%, na2040.2%, KCI + K2 S04 43.5%, dej tsis yaj <0.3%, dej -3%. Tus nqi ntawm potash siab dua li cov tshauv soda, vim tias qhov no, sab nraum lub raj mis thiab lub khob iav ntawm qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb, feem ntau lub raj mis thiab lub khob iav tsis siv potash los kos potassium oxide ncaj qha, coj potassium oxide nrog feldspar hloov. (5) kev qhia txog calcium oxide raw khoom calcium oxide (Ca0) hauv iav yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm stabilizer, uas yog, ua kom cov tshuaj ruaj khov thiab lub zog kho tshuab ntawm iav, tab sis thaum cov ntsiab lus siab dhau, tuaj yeem ua rau cov iav crystallization nyiam nce, thiab yooj yim ua rau iav brittle. Cao cov ntsiab lus hauv lub raj mis iav ib txwm yog 7% ~ 11%, feem ntau tsis ntau tshaj 12.5%. Cao hauv qhov kub siab tuaj yeem txo qhov viscosity ntawm iav, txhawb kev yaj. thiab ua kom pom tseeb ntawm lub iav tab sis thaum qhov kub poob qis, qhov viscosity nce sai heev, ua rau molding nyuaj, yog li ntawd, Cao cov ntsiab lus ntau npaum li cas hauv lub iav, ntxiv rau kev xav txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Cao rau cov khoom ntawm lub iav, kuj yuav tsum xav txog txoj kev molding iav thiab lwm yam. Lub iav nrog Cao zoo yuav tsum sai sai rau hauv lub cub tawg annealing, lossis cov khoom yooj yim tawg. Thaum yaj sodium-calcium iav, nws zoo dua los mus ze 21 nrog Na0Ca0. Cov khoom siv raw tseem ceeb siv hauv lub thawv iav yog limestone, calcite thiab chalk.Limestone uas muaj Fez 03 40.015% yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv dawb. Limestone uas muaj Fez 03 tsawg dua 0.04% yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov iav xim. Cov dej hauv limestone yuav tsum tau tswj tsawg dua 1%. Thaum cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm iav xav tau cov ntsiab lus ntawm hlau oxide kom nruj heev, nws tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm calcite, uas yog purer dua li limestone, tab sis kuj kim dua. (6) qhov ntau ntawm magnesium oxide (Mgo) hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov fwj iav thiab cov kaus poom feem ntau tsawg dua 2%. Thaum siv ib feem Mgo los hloov ib feem Cao, tuaj yeem ua rau viscosity thaum vitreous kua kub siab, tuaj yeem ua rau vitreous harden ceev kom qeeb, ua rau kev sib deev kom ntev, txhim kho vitreous daim ntawv khoom thiab txo nws cov crystallization tendency, calcium, magnesium thiab 2 valence alkaline earth hlau oxide tuaj yeem txhim kho cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov ntawm vitreous, tiv thaiv cov khoom kom poob rau hauv qhov chaw noo noo ntev. Mildew.Phenomenon.Feem ntau, qhov ntau ntawm kev hloov pauv yuav tsum tau tswj qis dua 3%, thaum qhov ntau ntawm kev hloov pauv ntau dua 3%, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau iav yaj thiab tsim. Siv los xav tias dolomite thiab limestone ntawm cov khoom me me kom yaj, tab sis nrog kev tshawb fawb tob zuj zus ntawm Lub tshuab ntawm cov iav kub siab, yuav pom cov khoom me me dolomite uas nyob ib puag ncig cov khoom loj silica, tiv thaiv cov xuab zeb kom koom nrog hauv kev sib xyaw, thaum cov khoom me me limestone coarser thaum pib ntawm kev sib xyaw silicate tsis ntub los ntawm theem pib, cov kua dej thawj zaug tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob loj dolomite, limestone, silica xuab zeb rau kev ntub ib puag ncig, ntxiv rau qhov nce ntxiv ntawm kev sib xyaw silicate. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau theem tom qab, cov pa roj uas tso tawm los ntawm lawv cov kev lwj sai thiab yaj yog qhov zoo rau kev ua kom pom tseeb thiab homogenization ntawm cov kua iav. Nws pom tias thaum cov khoom me me ntawm ob qho nce mus txog 2.5 hli, cov khoom yaj thiab kev qhia meej ntawm lub iav tau zoo dua, thiab thaum cov khoom me me loj dua 3 hli, cov khoom yaj thiab kev qhia meej ntawm lub iav tau txo qis heev. Yog li ntawd, qhov txwv sab saud ntawm cov khoom me me dolomite thiab limestone yuav tsum tau tswj hwm hauv qee qhov ntau. Tam sim no, kev siv cov noob loj dua dolomite, limestone yog qhov sib txawv. Hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, thaum xam cov mis iav, dolomite yog siv los qhia Mgo, thiab qhov tsis txaus ntawm Cao yog ntxiv nrog limestone lossis calcite. Yog tias cov khoom iav tsis muaj Cao, dolomite tsis tuaj yeem siv los nyiam Mgo hauv lub iav, yuav tsum xaiv magnesium carbonate los nyiam Mg0. Cov kev cai zoo rau dolomite yog Mg0≥20%, Cao <32%, Fe2O3 <0.15%. (7) kev qhia txog barium oxide raw khoom barium oxide (Bao) hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm iav thiab Cao thiab Mgo yeej zoo ib yam, tab sis cov iav uas muaj barium thiab Cao uas muaj iav, ci ntsa iab zoo, ntom 'degree loj, feem ntau hauv cov xim fwj iav muaj 0.5% ~ 1% Bao txhawm rau txhim kho qhov ci ntawm lub iav. Bao tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm dua qhov yaj, kev meej thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov iav crystallization, tab sis thaum cov koob tshuaj ntau dhau, vim muaj 2Ba0 1002 2Ba02 tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov kev meej iav nyuaj, thiab cov khoom siv crucible thiab refractory muaj kev yaig ntau dua. Ntuj barium sulfate (BaS04) hu ua barite, BaS04 muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv, thiab cov ntsiab lus impurity kuj loj, tsuas yog siv rau qhov zoo ntawm cov iav xav tau tsis siab. Kev lag luam BaS04 feem ntau yog siv hauv fluorine Cov iav opacities thiab cov iav imitation jade hauv lub raj mis iav, ua rau lub iav tsim cov teebmeem opacities tsis muaj zog. Tab sis nws tshwm sim thaum koj siv ntau dhau. Khob dej., rau cov ntaub ntawv refractory, crucible, molding thiab cov khoom zoo kom coj ntau yam teebmeem tsis zoo. Lub raj mis thiab cov iav tsim, Bao feem ntau yog qhia los ntawm kev lag luam barium carbonate. Tsis tas li ntawd, barium muaj cov ntaub ntawv raw muaj qee yam tshuaj lom, hauv kev ua haujlwm batching yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau kev tiv thaiv. Cov kev cai zoo rau kev lag luam barium carbonate yog Bac03 97%, Fe2 03 40.1% thiab acid insoluble 3%.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Plaub Hlis-14-2020