Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm fluorine

1. Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm fluorine yog raws li nram no:

1) Cov dej uas muaj fluorine hla dhau ntawm lub kem adsorption thiab fluorine raug adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov adsorbent los tsim cov fluoride uas tsis yaj. Cov adsorbents yog cov alumina ua haujlwm, tricalcium phosphate lossis cov thee pob txha. Nws yog txoj kev qub tshaj plaws uas siv rau cov dej hauv av nrog fluoride <10mg/L thiab cov tshuaj ncua <5mg/L. Thaum lub peev xwm tshem tawm fluorine adsorbent feem ntau yuav saturated, qhov xav tau ntxiv cov neeg sawv cev rov ua dua tshiab.

2) cov tshuaj coagulant coagulant ntxiv rau hauv dej uas muaj fluorine los tsim cov tshuaj fluoride uas tsis yaj, uas raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev lim dej nag. Cov tshuaj coagulants yog Al2 (SO4) 3, cov tshuaj txhuas chloride yooj yim, magnesium hydroxide, thiab lwm yam. Haum rau cov dej nyoos uas muaj turbidity siab thiab cov ntsiab lus fluorine tsawg.

3) Txoj kev pauv ion SIV lub peev xwm pauv ntawm cov ion pauv resin kom tshem tawm cov fluorine ions ntawm dej.

4) electrodialysis SIV cov permeability xaiv ntawm ion pauv membrane kom tshem tawm fluorine

5) txoj kev rov qab osmosis SIV cov permeability xaiv ntawm semi-permeable membrane kom tshem tawm fluorine

Ntawm cov hau kev saum toj no, 3), 4) thiab 5) siv tau rau cov dej qab ntsev thiab cov cheeb tsam uas muaj cov fluorine ntau. Reverse osmosis tam sim no siv dav.

2. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim qauv thev naus laus zis rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntsev txhuas thiab kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj fluorine

Cov dej nag uas ua rau cov dej khov tsis sib xyaw yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov dej nyoos uas muaj cov tshuaj fluoride tsawg dua 4mg / L. Cov dej nyoos uas muaj cov tshuaj fluorine tsawg thiab cov dej uas tsis sib xyaw yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tib lub sijhawm. Tus neeg sawv cev yuav tsum xaiv cov ntsev txhuas. Thaum cov concentration ntawm CL- hauv cov dej nyoos siab, cov tshuaj txhuas sulfate siv. Thaum cov concentration ntawm cov dej nyoos sulfate siab, cov tshuaj txhuas chloride siv; cov tshuaj txhuas chloride yooj yim siv thaum ob qho tib si ion concentration siab.

Lub sijhawm coagulation yog 5-6 feeb thiab tus nqi pH feem ntau yog tswj ntawm 6.5 thiab 7.5. Lub tank sib tov, lub tank flocculation reaction, lub tank sedimentation thiab nag lossis daus yuav tsum tau tsim nrog qhov ceev sib txawv lossis nag lossis daus sib nrug, nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm fluorine.

Cov txheej txheem ntws: dej hauv av - coagulation - nag lossis daus - lim, thaum cov dej nyoos zoo, tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov nag lossis daus lossis chav kho lim dej, feem ntau siv ua ntej lub twj tso kua mis, twj tso kua mis sib tov, sawv ntxov nag lossis daus, haus dej sab saud.

3, qhib alumina adsorption thiab lim fluorine tshem tawm cov txheej txheem tsim

Feem ntau, cov dej hauv av uas muaj cov tshuaj fluoride ntau muaj cov alkalinity ntau dua thiab PH > 8.0, thaum PH muaj feem cuam tshuam loj rau lub peev xwm nqus ntawm cov alumina ua kom nquag. Lub peev xwm nqus ntawm cov alumina ua kom nquag yog 4-5g (F-) / kg (Al2O3) thaum PH ntawm cov dej haus yog 6.0-6.5. Thaum PH ntawm 6.5-7.0, lub peev xwm nqus yog 3-4g (F-) / kg (Al2O3). Yog tsis muaj kev hloov kho PH, lub peev xwm nqus tsuas yog li 1g (F-) / kg (Al2O3).

Alumina ua kom nquag yog cov khoom siv lim, qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me yuav tsum tsawg dua 2.5 hli, feem ntau yog 0.5-1.5 hli, qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom siv lim K80≤2 thaum cov ntsiab lus fluoride ntawm cov dej nyoos tsawg dua 4mg / L, qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom siv lim yuav tsum ntau dua 1.5 hli; Thaum cov ntsiab lus fluoride ntawm cov dej nyoos ntau dua 4mg / L, qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom siv lim yuav tsum ntau dua 1.8 hli. Thaum PH ntawm cov dej nkag yog> 7.0, qhov kev lim dej feem ntau yog 2-3m3 / h, thiab thaum PH ntawm cov dej nkag tsawg dua 7.0, qhov kev lim dej feem ntau yog 6-8m3 / h, thiab lub sijhawm sib cuag yuav tsum yog 20-30 feeb. Aluminium sulfate yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev rov ua dua tshiab, qhov sib piv ntawm cov tshuaj rau kev tshem tawm fluorine yog 60: 1, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj rov ua dua tshiab yog 2% -3%. Thaum lub sijhawm rov ua dua tshiab, cov dej nyoos tau ntxuav rov qab los ntawm hauv qab mus rau sab saum toj nrog lub zog ntxuav ntawm 11-12l (s.m2), lub sijhawm ntxuav ntawm 5-8 feeb thiab qhov siab nthuav dav ntawm kwv yees li 50%. Tom qab ntawd, 2% txhuas sulfate kua tau siv rau kev rov ua dua tshiab, uas tau dhau los ntawm sab saud mus rau hauv qab nrog tus nqi lim ntawm kwv yees li 0.6m3 / teev thiab kav ntev li 6-8 feeb. Tom qab rov ua dua tshiab, yaug nrog dej defluorination. Lub zog ntxuav yog tib yam li kev ntxuav thawj zaug thiab kav ntev li 8-10 feeb.