Ib qho lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm ntau hom alumina
Muaj ntau yam txhuas oxide uas hu ua alumina tshwj xeeb, tsis yog hlau txhuas oxide lossis tshuaj txhuas oxide, txhuas oxide thiab txhuas hydroxide sib txawv cov khoom lossis cov khoom txuas ntxiv. Raws li nws cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov qauv siv lead ua, qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me, kev huv, qhov nyuaj, qib sintering, thiab lwm yam, tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau dua 300 hom. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm ntau hom alumina txawv heev, qee qhov tuaj yeem nyuaj li sapphire, qee qhov tuaj yeem mos li hmoov talcum; Qee qhov muaj qhov ceev pom tseeb ntau dua 3,200kg / m3, thaum lwm tus muaj qhov ceev tsawg dua 3.2kg / m3. Qee cov tshuaj inert insoluble, tab sis qee qhov tuaj yeem yaj hauv acid thiab base, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb; Qee cov kua dej tuaj yeem zoo li xuab zeb sieving, tab sis qee qhov yog viscous lossis txawm tias thixotropic colloid thiab tsis tuaj yeem lim; Qee cov qauv siv lead ua thiab txoj kab uas hla ntawm ntau yam kev hloov pauv, qee qhov yog amorphous; Qee qhov muaj peev xwm adsorption siab, qee qhov tsis muaj peev xwm adsorption; Qee qhov yog cov catalysts nquag thiab qee qhov yog inert. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua hom alumina, hauv txhua daim ntawv, yog tias lawv Thaum kawg hloov mus ua alpha alumina yog tias cua sov rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm qhov kub siab heev. Ntau hom alumina siv dav hauv chemistry, tshuaj, catalyst, roj hmab, yas, papermaking, filler, pigment thiab lwm yam teb. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis thiab kev siv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, kev ua lag luam ntawm ntau hom alumina tau dav zuj zus.
II. Kev faib tawm ntawm ntau hom alumina
(I) Ntau hom txhuas hydroxide
1. Kev faib tawm ntawm ntau hom txhuas hydroxide:
(1) Cov khoom siv txhuas hydroxide, D50 = 50 m, 70 m;
(2) Hmoov alumina hydroxide zoo, D50 ≤20 m;
(3) Hmoov txhuas hydroxide me me (ultrafine txhuas hydroxide), D50 ≤1 m;
(4) Qhuav dawb txhuas hydroxide, dawb ≥93%;
(5) Cov txhuas hydroxide dawb siab (cov khoom siv agate dag thiab cov khoom siv marble dag), qhov dawb ≥95%;
(6) alkali (sodium) txhuas hydroxide tsawg, Na2O + K2O ≤ 0.10%;
(7) Hlau txhuas hydroxide tsawg, Fe2O3≤0.005%;
(8) Quasi-thin bauxite, nrog rau hom siv lead ua? -alooh ua ib qho monohydrous bauxite ntawm 1-2 dej crystalline;
(9) Aluminium hydroxide gel, siv lead ua al2O3.NH2O, theem tseem ceeb yog amorphous crystal hom.
2. Siv ntau hom txhuas hydroxide:
(1) Siv ua hluav taws kub retardant
Aluminium hydroxide yog ib qho khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws rau cov yas, roj hmab thiab lwm yam organic polymers thiab textiles. Cov khoom siv hluavtaws uas muaj aluminium hydroxide ua cov khoom siv yog: polyester, epoxy, phenolic, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, butyraldehyde roj hmab, neoprene, silicone roj hmab thiab cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws kub siab heev, cov ntaub pua plag hluav taws, cov ntaub canvas hluav taws, cov siv conveyor hluav taws thiab lwm yam. Vim tias aluminium hydroxide yog hmoov dawb, nws cov khoom siv lub cev thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, tsis muaj kev nqus dej noo, tsis hloov xim, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw, qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me tuaj yeem ua tiav raws li qhov xav tau. Thaum qhov kub ntawm cua sov tshaj 200 ℃, aluminium hydroxide pib nqus cua sov thiab lwj, tso peb lub dej siv lead ua. Qhov kub siab dua, qhov ceev ntawm kev lwj yuav sai dua, yog li tiv thaiv kev nce ntawm qhov kub ntawm polymer thiab ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev txias, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab kev tua hluav taws.
(2) Siv ua cov khoom sau rau pob zeb agate dag thiab pob zeb marble dag
Nrog txhuas hydroxide thiab unsaturated polyester resin lossis methacrylate resin tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv marble thiab agate kho kom zoo nkauj thiab cov khoom siv huv. Vim tias txhuas hydroxide muaj qhov ntsuas refractive (1.57) uas ze heev rau cov polyester resin, cov khoom cuav tau muab nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab txaus siab, thiab cov xim sib txawv tuaj yeem ntxiv rau kev tsim ntau yam qauv thiab cov lus qhia. Cov khoom kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm qib siab, lub teeb yuag, tsis muaj hluav taws xob, tsis muaj brittle, yooj yim txiav, thiab lwm yam, thiab tau siv dav tam sim no.
(3) Siv ua cov ntawv sau
Aluminium hydroxide feem ntau yog siv los ua txheej txheej, cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntawv tsis-combustible hauv kev tsim ntawv. Cov dawb ultrafine aluminium hydroxide yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov dawb siab, qhov loj me me, kev faib tawm sib xws, thiab cov duab siv lead ua kab, thiab lwm yam. Nws tuaj yeem hloov titanium dawb hmoov ntawm qhov tsis txo cov ntawv dawb thiab opacity, txuag cov nqi ntawv, txhim kho daim ntawv gloss, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm luam ntawv.
(4) Siv ua cov tshuaj txhuam hniav
Aluminium hydroxide muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txhuam me me thiab yog cov khoom tsis muaj zog, kev sau cov tshuaj txhuam hniav ua tus neeg sawv cev sib txhuam tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov av ntawm cov hniav thiab cov pos hniav yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Qhov loj me ntawm aluminium hydroxide siv los ua cov khoom sau ntawm cov tshuaj txhuam hniav feem ntau yog D50 ≤7 m, thiab qhov ntxiv alkali yuav tsum yog <0.01%.
(5) Siv ua cov ntaub ntawv raw tshuaj
Ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj kho mob plab yog txhuas hydroxide, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov kua qaub hauv plab tsis muaj zog thiab yog cov khoom siv zoo rau kev ua tshuaj kho mob plab.
(6) Ua cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg
Vim tias txhuas hydroxide yog amphoteric compound, nws tuaj yeem yaj sai sai hauv cov kua qaub lossis alkali muaj zog, yog li nws tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv raw rau ntau cov ntsev txhuas. Xws li txhuas sulfate thiab alum yog cov khoom ntawm txhuas hydroxide los cuam tshuam nrog sulfuric acid thiab nws cov ntsev, polyaluminium chloride yog cov khoom ntawm txhuas hydroxide los cuam tshuam nrog hydrochloric acid, txhuas fluoride yog cov khoom ntawm txhuas hydroxide los cuam tshuam thiab hydrofluoric acid, thiab lwm yam, nrog rau txhuas hydroxide (lossis sodium aluminate kua) ua cov khoom siv raw, tuaj yeem tsim 3a, 4a, 5a 13 x molecular sieve, 10 x, thiab Y hom molecular sieves.
(2) Ua kom alumina ua haujlwm
Muaj yim hom crystalline ntawm alumina:,,,,,, thiab. Los ntawm kev ua kom sov thiab dehydrating aluminium hydroxide ntawm qhov kub sib txawv, ntau hom crystal ntawm aluminium oxide tuaj yeem tau txais. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias nws raug ci ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 1200 ℃, lwm hom crystal ntawm aluminium oxide yuav thaum kawg hloov mus ua -alumina. Alpha - alumina hu ua high - temperature alumina, tseem hu ua inert alumina, xya lwm crystal alumina hu ua low - temperature alumina, tseem hu ua activated alumina.
Raws li hydrate ntawm alumina, lub tshuab thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev hloov pauv theem kuj txawv heev vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, lub sijhawm ci thiab qhov sib txuas ntawm hydrate. Thaum txhuas hydroxide sai sai dehydrated ntawm 400-600 ℃, vim yog kev tshem tawm dej, nws cov khoom siv lead ua disintegrates, qhov chaw siv lead ua xoob, thiab ntau qhov hws thiab tawg yog tsim, yog li ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb. Lub alumina nrog cov qauv pore tsim nyog, qhov ntim pore loj dua thiab thaj chaw tshwj xeeb siab dua muaj kev ua haujlwm siab. Cov catalyst lossis catalyst carrier uas nws tsim tawm tuaj yeem siv rau tshuaj tsw qab, hydrocarbon cracking lossis synthesis, dehydration, oxidation, dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, reforming, desulfurization, dechloritization, defluorination thiab lwm yam. Activated alumina kuj tseem tuaj yeem dov mus rau hauv cov pob lossis squeezed rau hauv strips ua tus neeg sawv cev desiccant thiab hygroscopic rau cov kua thiab roj, siv rau kev tub yees, cua cais ziab, ntsuas cua ziab thiab xaiv adsorption ntawm cov ntsiab lus lossis cov pa phem hauv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev nplaum zoo, yog cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob-av nplaum.
(3) Inert alumina
Inert aluminium oxide tseem hu ua high temperature aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide lossis lwm yam crystalline aluminium oxide uas tsim los ntawm 1200 ℃ lossis li ntawd kub roasting -crystalline aluminium oxide. Raws li hlau oxide, alpha-alumina muaj cov khoom zoo lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Nws muaj kev sib koom ua ke zoo intermolecular, compact thiab zoo meej crystallization, thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau yam kev hloov pauv tshuaj. Tib lub sijhawm, alpha-alumina kuj muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov melting point siab (2050 ℃), hardness siab, kev ua tau zoo rwb thaiv tsev zoo, lub zog siab, kev tiv taus zoo abrasion, thiab kub siab thiab kub tiv taus lub zog cuam tshuam, yog li nws yog dav siv rau hauv cov hauv qab no:
1.ua kom tsis kub
Vim nws lub ntsiab lus melting siab, cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo heev thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm qhov kub siab, alpha-alumina yog siv los tsim ntau yam khoom siv refractory, xws li mullite thiab alumina refractory bricks, corundum refractory bricks thiab corundum cov khoom, nrog rau amorphous refractory castables.
2. Cov khoom siv alumina siab
Vim yog qhov ntim ntawm -alumina loj heev, tuaj yeem tsim lub cev sintered compact, thiab hnav tsis kam thiab lub zog siab, yog li nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov porcelain hnav-resistant, xws li sib tsoo nrog ntau yam porcelain pob, sandblast nozzle, dej txhuam, thiab lwm yam, tab sis kuj vim nws zoo tiv taus cua sov, thermal cuam tshuam lub zog, haum rau kev tsim cov cuab yeej ceramic. Vim nws qhov kev ua haujlwm rwb thaiv tsev kub siab, sodium qis -alumina yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov hluav taws xob ntsaws thiab insulators rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub siab, zaj duab xis nyias integrated hluav taws xob subgrade board, txheem qhov chaw thiab lwm yam siab zaus rwb thaiv tsev porcelain. Alpha-alumina yog dav siv hauv kev tsim cov architectural ceramics, industrial ceramics, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ceramics, huv khoom thiab nyob ceramics, nrog rau cov txheej txheem ceramics, xws li ceramic cib ua los ntawm alpha-alumina, ceramic pem teb, ceramic dov rods, ceramic twj tso kua mis, ceramic lim, thiab lwm yam.
3. Cov khoom siv abrasive (cov khoom siv tiv taus kev sib txhuam)
Vim nws muaj zog heev, alpha-alumina siv tau ua cov khoom sib tsoo, cov khoom sib tsoo thiab cov khoom siv tiv taus hnav. Yog tias nws siv tau ua hlau, hlau tsis yog ferrous, yas, ntoo lossis ntoo fiber thiab txhua yam pob zeb (xws li jade) sib tsoo thiab polishing cov ntaub ntawv, tuaj yeem ua lub log sib tsoo, lub cuab yeej tig thiab lwm yam cuab yeej txiav, tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov ntoo sib xyaw ua ke hauv pem teb hnav txheej thiab qee yam khoom siv lossis cov khoom hlau hnav txheej.
(4) Alumina zoo heev uas muaj purity siab
Cov txhuas oxide uas muaj purity siab heev yog hais txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm AL2O3 > 99.99%, granularity <1 mu m siab purity superfine alumina hmoov, nws yog siv rau kev sintering alumina pob tshab, fluorescent carrier, high pressure sodium teeb, high-grade lub cev thiab tshuaj khoom siv, pob txha cuav, semiconductor substrate substrate (C), cov ntaub ntawv sau kab xev, super lim nruab nrab, cov ntaub ntawv abrasive qib siab, ceramics tshwj xeeb, cov cuab yeej txiav, high purity crucible, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub axis, bombarding lub hom phiaj, lub raj cua sov, cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom, cov ntaub ntawv siv lead ua ke, pob zeb cuav, thiab lwm yam.; Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov compactness, tiav, txias thiab kub qaug zog, tawg toughness thiab creep tsis kam ntawm ceramics. Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov hnav tsis kam ntawm cov khoom molecular, siv rau yas, roj hmab txhawb nqa thiab toughening, hnav tsis kam, kub tiv taus txheej fillers thiab advanced cosmetic fillers; Tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj siv ua catalyst thiab catalyst carrier hauv petrochemical thiab chiv industries, laser technology ua raw khoom rau laser neodymium iav thiab ruby laser cov ntaub ntawv, ua cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev siab heev hauv kev lag luam fais fab, aerospace kev lag luam, ua kev kho saum npoo rau dav hlau aerospace, rockets thiab artificial satellites, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm lub zej zog thiab kev txhim kho ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, daim ntawv thov ntawm cov khoom siv purity siab thiab ultra-fine alumina kuj nthuav dav, thiab kev cia siab ntawm kev ua lag luam muaj kev cia siab heev.
(5) Corundum
Cov alumina siv lead ua los ntawm ntuj hu ua corundum, uas feem ntau muaj xim sib txawv vim muaj ntau yam tsis huv. Nws muaj iav lossis pob zeb diamond ci ntsa iab, nrog qhov ceev ntawm 3.9-4.1g / cm3 thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm 8.8. Corundum ntuj kuj hu ua pob zeb muaj nqis. Cov uas muaj me ntsis chromium oxide hauv cov siv lead ua yog ruby, cov uas muaj me ntsis hlau thiab titanium tsis huv yog sapphire, thiab cov uas muaj me ntsis hlau thiab cobalt tsis huv yog emerald.
Cov zis ntawm cov corundum ntuj tsim hauv xwm yog me me heev, thiab nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Cov corundum siv rau cov khoom siv raw khoom lag luam yog ua los ntawm cov khoom cuav. Muaj ob hom corundum dag: fused corundum thiab sintered corundum. Muaj cov hauv qab no feem ntau:
1. Fused corundum
Fused alumina feem ntau yog ua los ntawm dawb fused alumina thiab xim av fused alumina.
Fused white corundum yog ua los ntawm kev lag luam alumina thiab smelted hauv lub cub tawg arc ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 2000 ℃. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev dawb siab, kev ntshiab siab, kev tawv siab, kev ntse zoo heev, lub zog sib tsoo muaj zog, cua sov tsawg, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, kev kub siab, kev ruaj khov thermal zoo thiab lwm yam. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua cov khoom sib tsoo thiab polishing siab heev, kev sib tsoo cov cuab yeej ua los ntawm nws, sib tsoo cov hlau carbon siab thiab stainless hlau; Nws kuj tseem siv dav hauv kev tsim cov pwm refractory thiab precision casting siab, siv los ua cov khoom siv ceramics tshwj xeeb thiab tub rog, hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam khoom siv high-tech; Corundum tsim los ntawm kev ntshiab siab ultrafine alumina kuj tseem siv tau ua cov pob zeb cuav.
Xim av corundum, tseem hu ua emery, yog ua los ntawm bauxite, anthracite thiab scrap iron los ntawm kev smelting ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 2000 ℃ hauv lub cub hluav taws xob. Nws cov xim yog xim av.
Xim av corundum yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov nyuaj nruab nrab, qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom loj, kev siv lead ua zoo, cov coefficient nthuav dav qis, kev tawv zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog dav siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv xuab zeb, abrasives, fillers, filtration media, txiav cov ntaub ntawv, refractories, abrasives thiab ceramics.
2. Cov corundum sintered
Sintered corundum raws li kev lag luam lossis siab purity alumina bauxite ore ua raw khoom, ua los ntawm cov khoom sib tsoo zoo pob lossis lub cev, hauv 1750-1900 ℃ kub sintering, thiab nws muaj qhov zais loj, porosity tsawg, nplej nrog lub zog siab, zoo heev thermal poob siab tsis kam ntawm qhov kub siab thiab slag erosion tsis kam, dav siv rau kev ua refractory thiab abrasive abrasive.
3. Cov pob zeb corundum
Cov phaj corundum yog ib hom hmoov txhuas oxide uas muaj qhov huv siab, uas yog thawj zaug grinded, pelleted thiab ziab thiab calcined ntawm qhov kub siab ntawm 1850-1950 ℃. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ib lub phaj zoo tsim thiab flake siv lead ua qauv nrog cov noob loj. Nws yog ib qho khoom siv refractory zoo tagnrho nrog qhov huv siab, qhov ntim zoo stability, me me shrinkage tom qab refiring thiab muaj zog thermal shock tiv thaiv. Phaj corundum feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm sintering, tab sis kuj los ntawm hluav taws xob melting.
6) cov ntsev txhuas
Cov ntsev txhuas yog hais txog cov tshuaj sib xyaw ntawm txhuas. Tsuas yog ob peb lub ntsev txhuas uas siv ntau xwb tau piav qhia ntawm no.
1. Aluminium sulfate
Aluminium sulfate muaj txhuas sulfate thiab polyaluminum sulfate, txhuas ammonium sulfate (ammonium alum), txhuas sulfate potassium (alum lossis potassium alum), feem ntau nrog sulfuric acid thiab txhuas hydroxide lossis bauxite, kaolin, ya tshauv thiab lwm yam txhuas minerals reaction production. Aluminium sulfate feem ntau yog siv ua industrial reagent, flocculant, dej kho tus neeg sawv cev, papermaking, thiab lwm yam, thiab kuj siv rau hauv kev tsim lwm yam tshuaj uas muaj txhuas. Polyaluminum sulfate feem ntau yog siv rau kev kho dej saum npoo av; Alum tuaj yeem siv ua leavening agent, neutralizing agent thiab dej precipitant rau zaub mov. Alum yog siv rau hauv tshuaj suav tshuaj thiab baking powder. Nws kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev ua ntawv, pleev xim thiab ua tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv dej.
2. Txhuas chloride
Aluminium chloride thiab polyaluminum chloride (aluminum sol) yog siv rau hauv cov carbonate ntawm txhuas, uas feem ntau yog npaj los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm hydrochloric acid nrog cov hlau txhuas, txhuas hydroxide lossis cov zaub mov uas muaj txhuas. Aluminium chloride thiab polyaluminum chloride yog ib hom dej purifier nrog tus nqi qis thiab zoo, thiab kuj siv tau ua daim ntawv sizing, qab zib refining, casting molding, ntaub anti-wrinkle, catalyst carrier, binder, tshuaj refining, cement quick-setting, cosmetic raw materials, thiab lwm yam.
3. Aluminium fluoride thiab sodium fluoride
Aluminium fluoride thiab sodium fluoaluminate yog ob lub ntsev fluoride tseem ceeb. Aluminium fluoride feem ntau yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev kho hauv electrolytic aluminium refining medium. Nws yog ib qho hmoov dawb nrog crystallization zoo li koob. Cov txheej txheem tsim cov txhuas fluoride muaj ob txoj kev ntub thiab txoj kev qhuav. Vim yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, txoj kev ntub dej feem ntau raug tshem tawm thiab txoj kev qhuav siv dav rau kev tsim khoom. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov txhuas fluoride qhuav suav nrog cov txheej txheem fluidized txaj ntawm Luqi Company hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, ntau txheej fluidized txaj txheej txheem ntawm Booth lub tuam txhab hauv Switzerland thiab HF synthesis ALF3 txheej txheem ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nraud cua sov ntawm Pincnair lub tuam txhab hauv Fabkis. Cov txheej txheem qhuav yog tsim cov calcium sulfate (gypsum) thiab HF roj los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm fluorite thiab sulfuric acid, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim cov txhuas fluoride los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm HF roj thiab txhuas hydroxide tom qab dehydration. Thaum cov khoom siv chiv phosphate ntawm cov nroj tsuag fluorosilicic acid tsim cov txhuas fluoride, Austrian Linz lub tuam txhab cov txheej txheem ntub dej, thawj zaug ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov tshuaj fluorosilicic acid preheating, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv lub tank stirred nrog txhuas hydroxide (lossis bauxite slurry) ntawm qee qhov kub thiab txias, txhuas fluoride thiab silica (nag); Kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv thawj zaug siv dej ammonia thiab fluorosilicic acid sib xyaw, tsim cov ammonium fluoride thiab silica gel (nag), tom qab ntawd nrog cov tshuaj ammonium fluoride thiab txhuas hydroxide hauv qab ib qho kub thiab siab tshuaj tiv thaiv, tsim cov txhuas fluoride.
Sodium fluoroaluminate (tseem hu ua cryolite) yog ib qho fluoride complex, feem ntau yog cov khoom siv crystalline grey dawb lossis hmoov, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv electrolytic aluminium ua cov kuab tshuaj. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm sodium fluoroaluminate feem ntau suav nrog txoj kev soda fluoroaluminate, uas ua ntej reacts nrog hydrofluoric acid thiab aluminium hydroxide los tsim fluoroaluminate, thiab tom qab ntawd reacts nrog soda los synthesize sodium fluoroaluminate (cryolite).
4. Lwm yam ntsev txhuas
Aluminium nitrate siv tau ua tus catalyst rau cov organic synthesis, mordant hauv kev lag luam luam ntawv thiab dyeing, tus neeg sawv cev ua tiav tawv, thiab lwm yam, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw txhuas lossis txhuas hydroxide nrog nitric acid.
Cov tshuaj txhuas phosphate siv tau ua tshuaj tua kab. Feem ntau nws yog ua los ntawm kev hlawv cov hmoov txhuas sib xyaw thiab cov phosphorus liab.
Cov molecular sieves ntawm txhuas phosphate series muaj peev xwm pauv ion siab thiab catalytic kev ua ub no thiab tau npaj los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm txhuas hydroxide thiab phosphoric acid.
Aluminium dihydrogen tripolyphosphate siv tau ua cov xim tiv thaiv xeb, adsorbent (deodorant), ethylene rau ethanol catalyst, feem ntau los ntawm cov hlau txhuas lossis txhuas hydroxide tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog phosphoric acid.
Ultrafine aluminium silicate yog cov hmoov dawb super amorphous nrog cov kua zoo heev thiab dawb huv. Nws yog siv dav hauv kev txheej, tawv, luam ntawv thiab zas xim, luam ntawv number case, ua ntawv, yas, roj hmab thiab lwm yam ua ke nrog lwm cov pigments (titanium dawb hmoov). Crystalline aluminium silicate tuaj yeem siv ua catalyst rau methanol roj theem dehydration los tsim dimethyl ether. Ordinary aluminium silicate tuaj yeem siv ua cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev. Aluminium silicate feem ntau yog npaj los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm dej iav nrog aluminium sulfate.
Aluminium borate siv lead ua los ntawm cov yas, hlau, thiab cov khoom siv ceramic, feem ntau yog siv aluminium oxide thiab boron los yog boron oxide sib xyaw, tom qab kub siab yaj, cov dej ua pa tuaj yeem hloov mus ua cov roj aluminium fluoride thiab boron oxide, ua rau aluminium borate siv lead ua.
(vii) lwm yam ntau yam ntawm alumina thiab cov khoom txuas ntxiv ntsig txog
Lwm hom alumina tseem muaj carbonated aluminium, aluminium oxide fiber, aluminium oxide film, SB hmoov, ntxiv rau aluminium gallium alloy shot, trimethyl-aluminium thiab lwm yam organic aluminium kuj yog cov khoom uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab dua. Alumina fiber muaj -Al2O3 ib leeg siv lead ua fiber, -Al2O3 ntev fiber, -Al2O3 luv fiber, uas feem ntau yog siv ua hlau, yas, roj hmab, ceramic reinforcement khoom, refractory rwb thaiv tsev khoom thiab refractory khoom rau rocket launch trajectory, roj-dej emulsion, roj-dej sib tov thiab kua nplaum kua sib cais thiab lim khoom, thiab kuj siv ua catalyst carrier rau hydrocarbon transformation. SB hmoov yog cov khoom siv raw rau hydrogenation catalyst thiab lwm yam qib siab catalysts. Alumina thiab hydrogen yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm aluminium-gallium alloy pellets hauv dej, uas yog ib qho txheej txheem zoo tagnrho rau cov tsheb hydrogen-powered yav tom ntej. Trimethyl txhuas yog siv ua olefin polymerization catalyst, rocket roj thiab raw khoom los ua trimethyl gallium.
Bauxite ore siv tau los tsim cov khoom siv refractory, flocculants kho dej, roj teb fracturing proppants, xim av corundum thiab siab alumina cement, calcium aluminate hmoov lossis calcium aluminate cement, thiab lwm yam, thiab aluminium-silicon alloy kuj tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm hluav taws xob cua sov.
Cov av liab uas tsim los ntawm alumina tuaj yeem siv ua desulfurizer thiab tus neeg sawv cev txhim kho av rau cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob uas siv thee. Tom qab tshem tawm sodium, nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov cement, cov ntaub ntawv phab ntsa, ceramsite, thiab lwm yam. Los ntawm cov av liab kuj tseem siv tau los rho tawm cov hmoov hlau ore, scandium tsawg, bismuth thiab lwm yam hlau muaj nqis.
Cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm txhuas oxide, kua sodium aluminate thiab khoom sodium aluminate (sintered clinker), tuaj yeem siv ua cov khoom siv ua kom nrawm lossis siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv ua kom nrawm; Gallium, vanadium thiab lwm yam hlau muaj nqis tuaj yeem rov qab tau thiab rho tawm los ntawm cov kua nruab nrab uas tsim los ntawm alumina.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Cuaj hlis-15-2020