ʻO kekahi o nā hana mua a nā mea hoʻolako wai kūlanakauhale e hoʻohana ai e hoʻomākaukau i ka wai no ka hāʻawi ʻana, ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka moakāka a me ka ʻole o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia, ua mālama ʻia ka wai me ka alumini sulfate i kapa ʻia ʻo alum, kahi e lawelawe ai ma ke ʻano he flocculent. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ka wai maka i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e paʻakikī loa i kahi kānana ke hopu. Hoʻopili ka alum iā lākou i hiki iā lākou ke noho i waho o ka wai a i ʻole e maʻalahi ke paʻa ʻia e kahi kānana.
ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻokomo ʻia ka hui ʻana o ka wai me ka 48 pakeneka o ka alum kānana i loko o ka wai maka e komo mai ana ma ka helu o 18 a 24 mau ʻāpana i ka miliona. Hoʻoulu ka alum i ka coagulation o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e kōkua ai i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia o ke kala a me ka turbidity. Inā hāʻawi ʻia ke kaʻina hana i ka manawa kūpono e hana ai a hoʻopili pono ʻia, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoponopono wale i nā pilikia i loko o ka wai akā ʻo ka hopena maoli i ka wehe ʻana i ka hapa nui o ka alumini i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana.
ʻOiai ua hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka hopohopo e pili ana i ka palekana o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai me ka alumini, ʻaʻohe hōʻike e hōʻike ana he pilikia olakino ka alumini i loko o ka wai, inā paha mai ka alumini sulfate i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana a i ʻole mai nā kumu ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka alumini i lawe ʻia mai ka alumini i loaʻa maoli i nā meaʻai, ka alumini i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻōpala meaʻai, a mai nā huahana e like me nā deodorants a me nā lāʻau pale.
Aia kekahi mau ʻano coagulants mua e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kahi hale hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai. ʻO kekahi o nā mea mua loa, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia, ʻo ia ka alumini sulfate, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he alum. Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ka alum ma ke ʻano wai me ka nui o 8.3%, a i ʻole ma ke ʻano maloʻo me ka nui o 17%. Ke hoʻohui ʻia ka alum i ka wai, hana ia me ka wai a hopena i nā ion i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia.
ʻO ka Coagulation/flocculation kahi hana i hoʻohana ʻia e wehe i ka turbidity, ke kala, a me kekahi mau bacteria mai ka wai. I loko o ke keʻena hui flash, hoʻohui ʻia nā kemika i ka wai a hui ikaika ʻia no ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi minuke. ʻO kēia mau coagulants he mau coagulants mua a/a i ʻole nā mea kōkua coagulant. A laila, i loko o ke kīʻaha flocculation, hoʻoulu mālie ʻia ka wai no 30 a 45 mau minuke e hāʻawi i nā kemika i ka manawa e hana ai a e paipai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o floc. A laila noho ka floc i loko o ke kīʻaha sedimentation.
Hoʻopau ka coagulation i nā colloids a me nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka wai. He uku maikaʻi ʻole kēia mau ʻāpana, no laila hoʻopau nā kemika coagulant i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia iā lākou i ka wā coagulation. A laila, i ka wā flocculation, huki ʻia nā ʻāpana e nā mana o van der Waal, e hana ana i ka floc. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ke kaʻina hana coagulation/flocculation e ka pH, nā paʻakai, ka alkalinity, ka turbidity, ka mahana, ka hui ʻana, a me nā kemika coagulant.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka alumini sulfate ma ke ʻano he flocculent i loko o nā hale hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ma nā ʻāina e ulu ana. Loaʻa nui ʻia hoʻi ia ma nā ʻāina e ulu ana, kūʻai ʻia aku i loko o nā poloka pōhaku keʻokeʻo palupalu, a kapa ʻia ʻo alum. Nui nā ala e hoʻohana ai i ka alum ma ke ʻano he flocculent, me ka wili ʻana iā ia i pauka ma mua o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka wai, ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka decanting a i ʻole ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pōhaku holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka wai no kekahi mau kekona a kali i ka hoʻomaha ʻana o nā mea paʻa. ʻO nā pono o ka alum, ʻo ia ka loaʻa nui ʻana, ua hōʻoia ʻia e hōʻemi i ka turbidity, a he kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hemahema o ka alum, ʻo ia ka loli ʻole o ka dosage e pono ai. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hoʻokolohua he pono ka alum i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka turbidity a me ke koi chlorine.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻApelila-14-2020