Nā ʻano hana wehe fluorine

1. Eia nā ʻano hana wehe fluorine:

1) Hele ka wai i loaʻa ka fluorine ma ke kolamu adsorption a hoʻopili ʻia ka fluorine ma luna o ka adsorbent e hana i ka fluoride insoluble. ʻO nā adsorbents he alumina i hoʻāla ʻia, tricalcium phosphate a i ʻole ka lanahu iwi. ʻO ia ke ʻano kahiko loa i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wai honua me ka fluoride <10mg/L a me ka mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia <5mg/L. Ke hoʻomaʻalili ʻia ka hiki ke wehe i ka fluorine adsorbent, pono e hoʻohui i ka hana hou ʻana o ka mea hana hou.

2) Hoʻohui ʻia ka coagulant coagulant i ka wai i loaʻa ka fluorine e hana i ka fluoride insoluble, kahi i wehe ʻia e ka kānana precipitation. ʻO nā coagulants ʻo Al2(SO4)3, basic aluminum chloride, magnesium hydroxide, etc. Kūpono no ka wai maka me ka turbidity kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka fluorine.

3) Hoʻohana ke ʻano hoʻololi ion i ka hiki ke hoʻololi o ka resin hoʻololi ion e wehe i nā ion fluorine mai ka wai.

4) Hoʻohana ka electrodialysis i ka permeability koho o ka membrane hoʻololi ion e wehe i ka fluorine

5) ke ʻano osmosis hoʻohuli e hoʻohana i ka permeability koho o ka membrane semi-permeable e wehe i ka fluorine

Ma waena o nā ʻano hana i luna, pili nā 3), 4) a me 5) i ka wai ʻawaʻawa a me nā wahi me ka nui o ka fluorine. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka osmosis hoʻohuli i kēia manawa.

2. Nā kiko koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana no ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka paʻakai alumini a me ka wehe ʻana i ka fluorine

He kūpono ka hoʻopulapula coagulation no ka wai maka me ka nui o ka fluoride o <4mg/L. Pono e wehe ʻia ka wai maka me ka haʻahaʻa o ka fluorine a me ka turbidity o ka wai i ka manawa like. Pono ke koho ʻana o ka mea hana i ka paʻakai alumini. Ke kiʻekiʻe ka nui o CL- i loko o ka wai maka, hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini sulfate. Ke kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka wai maka sulfate, hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini chloride; Hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini chloride kumu i ka wā e kiʻekiʻe ai nā nui o nā ion ʻelua.

ʻO ka manawa coagulation he 5-6min a ʻo ka waiwai pH e kāohi ʻia ma waena o 6.5 a me 7.5. Pono e hoʻolālā ʻia ka pahu hui, ka pahu hana flocculation, ka pahu sedimentation a me ka ua me ka wikiwiki loli a i ʻole ka ua intermittent, me ka hopena wehe fluorine maikaʻi.

Ke kahe ʻana o ke kaʻina hana: ka wai honua - coagulation - precipitation - kānana, ke maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka wai maka, hiki ke kāpae ʻia ka precipitation a i ʻole ka ʻāpana mālama kānana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pamu, ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o ka pamu, ke kū ʻana o ka precipitation, e lawe i ka wai o luna no ka inu ʻana.

3, hoʻolālā ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻohemo ʻana o ka alumina i hoʻāla ʻia a me ka kānana fluorine

Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka alkalinity o ka wai honua me ka nui o ka fluoride a ʻo PH > 8.0, ʻoiai he mana nui ko PH i ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia o ka alumina i hoʻāla ʻia. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia o ka alumina i hoʻāla ʻia he 4-5g(F-)/kg(Al2O3) ke 6.0-6.5 ka PH o ka wai i lawe ʻia. Ma ka PH o 6.5-7.0, ʻo ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia he 3-4g(F-)/kg(Al2O3). Me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka PH, ʻo ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia he 1g(F-)/kg(Al2O3 wale nō.

ʻO ka alumina i hoʻāla ʻia ka mea kānana, ʻo ka nui o ka ʻāpana e emi iho ma mua o 2.5mm, ma ke ʻano maʻamau he 0.5-1.5mm, ʻo ke koina like ʻole o ka mea kānana K80≤2 i ka wā e emi ai ka nui o ka fluoride o ka wai maka ma mua o 4mg/L, pono e ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka mea kānana ma mua o 1.5mm; Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka fluoride o ka wai maka ma mua o 4mg/L, pono e ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka mea kānana ma mua o 1.8mm. Ke ʻoi aku ka PH o ka wai komo ma mua o 7.0, ʻo ka helu kānana maʻamau he 2-3m/h, a i ka wā e emi ai ka PH o ka wai komo ma mua o 7.0, ʻo ka helu kānana maʻamau he 6-8m/h, a ʻo ka manawa pili e pili ana he 20-30min. Hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini sulfate ma ke ʻano he mea hana hou, ʻo ka lakio o ka dosage i ka wehe ʻana o ka fluorine he 60:1, a ʻo ka nui o ka hopena hana hou he 2%-3%. I ka wā o ka hana hou ʻana, ua holoi mua ʻia ka wai maka mai lalo a luna me ka ikaika holoi o 11-12l (s.m2), ka manawa holoi o 5-8min a me ke kiʻekiʻe hoʻonui o kahi 50%. A laila, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka 2% alumini sulfate solution no ka hana hou ʻana, kahi i hoʻohele ʻia mai luna a lalo me ka helu kānana o kahi 0.6m/h a mau no 6-8min. Ma hope o ka hana hou ʻana, holoi me ka wai defluorination. Ua like ka ikaika holoi me ka holoi mua ʻana a mau no 8-10min.