He wehewehe pōkole o nā ʻano alumina like ʻole
ʻO ke ʻano o ka alumini oxide i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he alumina kūikawā, ʻaʻohe metallurgical alumini oxide a i ʻole ke kemika alumini oxide, alumini oxide a me ka alumini hydroxide i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā huahana a i ʻole nā huahana hoʻonui. Wahi a kona ʻano kemika, ka ʻano kristal, ka nui o ka ʻāpana, ka maʻemaʻe, ka paʻakikī, ke kekelē sintering, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻoi aku ma mua o 300 mau ʻano. He ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka alumina, hiki i kekahi ke paʻakikī e like me ka sapphire, hiki i kekahi ke palupalu e like me ka pauka talcum; Loaʻa i kekahi kahi density ʻike ʻia ma mua o 3,200kg / m, aʻo kekahi he density ma lalo o 3.2kg / m. ʻO kekahi mau mea inert insoluble, akā hiki i kekahi ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka waikawa a me ke kumu, me ka hana nui; Hiki i kekahi mau wai ke like me ke one sieving, akā ʻo kekahi he viscous a i ʻole thixotropic colloid a ʻaʻole hiki ke kānana ʻia; ʻO kekahi ʻano kristal a me ke anawaena kristal o kahi ākea o nā ʻano like ʻole, he amorphous kekahi; Loaʻa i kekahi ka hiki ke adsorption kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻohe hiki ke adsorption kekahi; He mau mea hoʻouluulu hana kekahi a he inert kekahi. Eia nō naʻe, he hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā ʻano alumina āpau, ma kekahi ʻano, ʻo ia ua hoʻololi hope ʻia lākou i alpha alumina inā hoʻomehana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe loa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻano alumina like ʻole i ka kemika, lāʻau lapaʻau, mea hoʻoulu, rubber, plastic, papermaking, filler, pigment a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hou, ke ākea nei ka mākeke o nā alumina multi-variety.
Ii. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻano alumina like ʻole
(I) Nā ʻano like ʻole o ka alumini hydroxide
1. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka alumini hydroxide:
(1) ʻO ka hydroxide alumini hoʻopihapiha maʻamau, D50 =50 m,70 m;
(2) Pauka alumina hydroxide maikaʻi, D50 ≤20 m;
(3) Pauka liʻiliʻi alumini hydroxide (aluminum hydroxide ultrafine), D50 ≤1 m;
(4) ʻAluminika hydroxide keʻokeʻo maloʻo, keʻokeʻo ≥93%;
(5) ʻO ka hydroxide alumini keʻokeʻo kiʻekiʻe (ʻagate hana a me ka hoʻopiha kinikini hana), keʻokeʻo ≥95%;
(6) ʻO ka haʻahaʻa alkali (sodium) alumini hydroxide, Na2O+K2O≤0.10%;
(7) Haʻahaʻa hao alumini hydroxide, Fe2O3≤0.005%;
(8) Bauxite lahilahi loa, me ke ʻano kristal o?-alooh ma ke ʻano he bauxite monohydrous o 1-2 mau wai kristal;
(9) ʻO ka gel hydroxide aluminika, he kristal al2O3.NH2O, ʻo ke ʻano nui he ʻano kristal amorphous.
2. NĀ HOʻOHANA o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka alumini hydroxide:
(1) Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea pale ahi
ʻO ka aluminiuma hydroxide kahi mea hoʻopihapiha lapalapa kūpono no nā plastics, rubber a me nā polymers organik a me nā textiles. ʻO nā mea synthetic me ka aluminia hydroxide ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopihapiha: polyester, epoxy, phenolic, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, butyraldehyde rubber, neoprene, silicone rubber a me ka uhi pale ahi kiʻekiʻe, kapena ahi, ka canvas ahi, ke kāʻei conveyor ahi a pēlā aku. No ka mea he pauka keʻokeʻo ka aluminia hydroxide, ʻo kona mau waiwai kino a me nā waiwai kemika he paʻa loa ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻaʻohe omo wai, ʻaʻohe loli kala, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa ʻino ʻole ʻaʻohe ʻala, hiki ke hana ʻia ka nui o ka ʻāpana e like me ka hana e pono ai. Ke ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka hoʻomehana ma mua o 200 ℃, hoʻomaka ka aluminia hydroxide e omo i ka wela a palaho, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ʻekolu wai kristal. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka wikiwiki o ka palaho, no laila e pale ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana polymer a me ka pāʻani ʻana i ke kuleana o ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana, ka pale ʻana i ka lapalapa a me ke kinai ahi.
(2) Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopiha no ka pōhaku agate hana a me ke kinikini hana
Me ka alumini hydroxide a me ka resin polyester unsaturated a i ʻole ka methacrylate resin hiki ke hana i nā mea hoʻonaninani artificial a me ka agate a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe. No ka mea, he index refractive (1.57) ka alumini hydroxide e kokoke loa ana i ka resin polyester, hāʻawi ʻia nā huahana artificial me kahi ʻōlinolino translucent a māʻona, a hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā kala like ʻole e hoʻolālā i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā kikoʻī. Loaʻa i ka huahana nā ʻano o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ke kaumaha māmā, ʻaʻohe radiation, ʻaʻohe brittle, maʻalahi ke ʻoki, a pēlā aku, a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa.
(3) Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopihapiha pepa
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka aluminiuma hydroxide ma ke ʻano he uhi ʻili, hoʻopihapiha a me ka pepa ʻaʻole hiki ke puhi ʻia i ka hana pepa. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo kiʻekiʻe ultrafine alumini hydroxide ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ke keʻokeʻo kiʻekiʻe, ka nui o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi, ka hoʻolaha like ʻana, a me ke ʻano kristal linear, a pēlā aku. Hiki iā ia ke pani i ka pauka keʻokeʻo titanium ma ke kumu o ka hōʻemi ʻole ʻana i ka keʻokeʻo pepa a me ka opacity, mālama i ke kumukūʻai pepa, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻōlinolino pepa, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana paʻi.
(4) Hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka toothpaste
He ʻano palupalu ka alumini hydroxide a no ka mea kūlike ʻole, ʻo ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka toothpaste ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopili friction hiki ke wehe pono i ka lepo ma nā niho a me nā ʻāʻī me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻāpana o ka alumini hydroxide i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopiha o ka toothpaste ma ke ʻano maʻamau he D50 ≤7 m, a ʻo ka hoʻohui alkali he <0.01%.
(5) Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea lāʻau lapaʻau maka
ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau gastric ʻo ia ka alumini hydroxide, hiki ke hoʻopau i ka waikawa gastric a he mea maka maikaʻi ia no ka hana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau gastric.
(6) Ma ke ʻano he mau mea maka kemika
No ka mea, he hui amphoteric ka aluminiuma hydroxide, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe koke ʻia i loko o ka waikawa ikaika a i ʻole ka alkali, no laila ua lilo ia i mea maka no nā paʻakai alumini he nui. E like me ka aluminia sulfate a me ka alum ka huahana o ka aluminia hydroxide e hana me ka sulfuric acid a me kona mau paʻakai, ʻo ka polyaluminium chloride kahi huahana o ka aluminia hydroxide e hana me ka hydrochloric acid, ʻo ka aluminia fluoride ka huahana o ka aluminia hydroxide e hana a me ka hydrofluoric acid, a pēlā aku, me ka aluminia hydroxide (a i ʻole ka sodium aluminate solution) ma ke ʻano he mea maka, hiki ke hana i 3 a, 4 a, 5 a 13 x molecular sieves, 10 x, a me Y type molecular sieves.
(2) Alumina i hoʻāla ʻia
ʻEwalu ʻano crystalline o ka alumina:,,,,,, a. Ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana a me ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka alumini hydroxide ma nā mahana like ʻole, hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano kristal like ʻole o ka alumini oxide. Eia nō naʻe, inā e kālua ʻia ma kahi mahana ma luna o 1200℃, e hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻano kristal ʻē aʻe o ka alumini oxide i -alumina. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Alpha - alumina he alumina wela kiʻekiʻe, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he alumina inert, ʻo nā kristal ʻē aʻe ʻehiku i kapa ʻia he alumina wela haʻahaʻa, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he alumina i hoʻāla ʻia.
Ma ke ʻano he hydrate o ka alumina, ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano a me ke kaʻina hana kikoʻī o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka pae ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka mahana kālua, ka manawa kālua a me ka hoʻopiha ʻana o ka hydrate. Ke hoʻomaloʻo koke ʻia ka alumini hydroxide ma 400-600 ℃, ma muli o ka wehe ʻana o ka wai, ua wāwahi ʻia kona kristal, lilo ka ʻili kristal i mea palupalu, a ua hana ʻia nā pores a me nā māwae he nui, a laila e hopena ana i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka ʻili kikoʻī. ʻO ka alumina me ke ʻano pore kūpono, ka nui o ka pore a me ka ʻili kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe he hana kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mea hoʻouluulu a mea lawe mea hoʻouluulu i hana ʻia e ia no ka mea ʻala, ka haki ʻana o ka hydrocarbon a i ʻole ka synthesis, dehydration, oxidation, dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, reforming, desulfurization, dechloritization, defluorination a pēlā aku. Hiki ke ʻōwili ʻia ka alumina i hoʻāla ʻia i loko o nā pōpō a i ʻole i ʻomi ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana e like me ka desiccant a me ka hygroscopic agent no nā wai a me nā kinoea, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka refrigeration, ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka ea, ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka makani mea hana a me ke koho ʻana i nā mea trace a i ʻole nā mea haumia trace i nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana. Eia kekahi, he paʻa ikaika kona hoʻopili ʻana, ʻo ia ka mea maka no ka hana ʻana i nā mea refractory ahi-lepo.
(3) Alumina inert
Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo Inert Aluminum oxide he alumini oxide wela kiʻekiʻe, alumini hydroxide a i ʻole kekahi crystalline alumini oxide i hoʻokumu ʻia e 1200 ℃ a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela -crystalline alumina oxide. Ma ke ʻano he metala oxide, he maikaʻi nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika o ka alpha - alumina. Loaʻa iā ia ka cohesion intermolecular maikaʻi loa, compact a me ka crystallization kūpono, a hiki ke kū i nā loli kemika like ʻole. I ka manawa like, loaʻa iā alpha-alumina nā pono o ke kiko heheʻe kiʻekiʻe (2050 ℃), paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, hana insulation maikaʻi, ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe, kū'ē abrasion maikaʻi, a me ke kū'ē wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika hopena kū'ē wela, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻano aʻe:
1.pale ʻole
Ma muli o kona kiko heheʻe kiʻekiʻe, nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana ʻia ka alpha-alumina e hana i nā mea refractory like ʻole, e like me nā brick refractory mullite a me alumina, nā brick refractory corundum a me nā huahana corundum, a me nā castables refractory amorphous.
2. Nā keramika alumina kiʻekiʻe
Ma muli o ka nui o ka nui o ka -alumina, hiki ke hana i kahi kino sintered compact, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke kapa a me ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe, no laila kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana o ka porcelain pale ʻaʻahu, e like me ka wili ʻana me nā ʻano pōpō porcelain like ʻole, ka nozzle sandblast, ka pulupulu wai, a pēlā aku, akā no kona kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi, ka ikaika hopena thermal, kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana keramika. Ma muli o kāna hana insulation wela kiʻekiʻe, kūpono ka sodium -alumina haʻahaʻa no ka hana ʻana o nā plugs spark a me nā insulators no nā mīkini uila wela kiʻekiʻe, ka papa subgrade uila i hoʻohui ʻia i ka ʻili lahilahi, nā ʻāpana maʻamau a me nā porcelain insulation alapine kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Alpha-alumina i ka hana ʻana o nā keramika hoʻolālā, nā keramika ʻoihana, nā keramika uila uila, nā mea sanitary a me nā keramika ola, a me nā keramika hana, e like me nā piliki keramika i hana ʻia me ka alpha-alumina, nā papahele keramika, nā koʻokoʻo ʻōwili keramika, nā pamu keramika, nā kānana keramika, a pēlā aku.
3. Mea hoʻopōʻino (mea pale i ka hoʻopōʻino)
Ma muli o kona paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka alpha - alumina ma ke ʻano he mea wili, nā mea wili a me nā mea pale i ka ʻaʻahu. Inā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ke kila, ka metala nonferrous, ka plastic, ka lāʻau a i ʻole ka fiber lāʻau a me nā ʻano pōhaku āpau (me ka jade) wili a me ka polishing mea, hiki ke hana i ka huila wili, ka mea hana huli a me nā mea ʻoki ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka papa hana papahele lāʻau hui pū ʻia a me kekahi mau lako a i ʻole nā huahana metala.
(4) Alumina maikaʻi loa maʻemaʻe
ʻO ka ʻokikene alumini ultrafine kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka ʻike o AL2O3 > 99.99%, granularity < 1 mu m kiʻekiʻe superfine alumina pauka, hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka sintering alumina aniani, ka mea lawe fluorescent, ke kukui sodium kiʻekiʻe, nā lako kino a me nā kemika kiʻekiʻe, ka iwi hana, ka substrate semiconductor substrate (C), ka mea hoʻopihapiha lipine hoʻopaʻa leo, ka medium kānana super, nā mea abrasive kiʻekiʻe, nā keramika kūikawā, nā mea ʻokiʻoki, ka ipu hoʻoheheʻe maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, a puni ke axis, ka pahuhopu bombarding, ka paipu umu, nā mea hoʻopili, nā mea kristal hoʻokahi, nā pōhaku hana, a pēlā aku; Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka compactness, ka hoʻopau ʻana, ka luhi anu a me ka wela, ka paʻakikī haki a me ke kū'ē ʻana o nā keramika. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kū'ē ʻana o nā huahana molekala, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka plastic, ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka rubber a me ka toughening, ke kūpaʻa i ke kapa, nā mea hoʻopihapiha uhi pale wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha hoʻonaninani holomua; I ka manawa like, hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoulu a me ka mea hoʻoulu i nā ʻoihana petrochemical a me nā mea hoʻouluulu, ka ʻenehana laser ma ke ʻano he mea maka no ke aniani neodymium laser a me nā mea laser ruby, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomehana holomua i ka ʻoihana mana, ʻoihana aerospace, ma ke ʻano he ʻili. ka mālama ʻana no nā mokulele aerospace, nā rockets a me nā satelite hana, a pēlā aku. Me ka holomua o ke kaiāulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, ke hoʻonui nei hoʻi ke kahua noi o ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka alumina maikaʻi loa, a he mea hoʻohiki nui ka manaʻolana o ka mākeke.
(5) Korundum
ʻO ke kristal alumina ʻano kūlohelohe i kapa ʻia ʻo corundum, nona nā kala like ʻole ma muli o nā haumia like ʻole. Loaʻa iā ia ke aniani a i ʻole ka ʻōlinolino daimana, me ka nui o 3.9-4.1g /cm3 a me ka paʻakikī o 8.8. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ka corundum kūlohelohe he pōhaku makamae. ʻO ka poʻe me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka chromium oxide i loko o ke kristal he ruby, ʻo ka poʻe me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka hao a me nā haumia titanium he sapphire, a ʻo ka poʻe me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka hao a me nā haumia cobalt he emerald.
He liʻiliʻi loa ka hopena o ka corundum kūlohelohe i ke ʻano, a hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hoʻonaninani. ʻO ka corundum i hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea maka ʻoihana ua hana ʻia me ke akamai. ʻElua ʻano o ka corundum artificial: fused corundum a me sintered corundum. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole:
1. Corundum i hoʻohui ʻia
ʻO ka alumina i hoʻopili ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ka alumina keʻokeʻo a me ka alumina ʻeleʻele i hoʻopili ʻia.
Hana ʻia ka corundum keʻokeʻo i hoʻohui ʻia mai ka alumina ʻoihana a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka umu arc ma kahi mahana kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 2000 ℃. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano o ke keʻokeʻo kiʻekiʻe, ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻoi ponoʻī maikaʻi loa, ka ikaika wili ikaika, ka wela haʻahaʻa, ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi a pēlā aku. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea wili a me ka polishing holomua, nā mea wili i hana ʻia mai ia mea, ka wili ʻana i ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe a me ke kila kila; Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana o ka ʻōmole refractory kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻolei pololei, i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā keramika kūikawā a me nā mea koa, nā mea uila a me nā mea ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe; Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Corundum i hana ʻia mai ka alumina ultrafine maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe e like me nā pōhaku hana.
ʻO ka corundum ʻeleʻele, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo emery, ua hana ʻia ia me ka bauxite, anthracite a me ka hao ʻōpala ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ma kahi mahana kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 2000℃ i loko o kahi umu uila. He ʻeleʻele kona kala.
Hōʻike ʻia ka corundum ʻeleʻele e ka paʻakikī waena, ka nui o ka puʻu kiʻekiʻe, ka crystallization maikaʻi, ka coefficient hoʻonui linear haʻahaʻa, ka paʻakikī maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion, a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā mea oneblasting, abrasives, fillers, filtration media, nā mea ʻokiʻoki, nā refractories, abrasives a me nā keramika.
2. ʻO ke corundum i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
ʻO ka corundum sintered e pili ana i ka ʻoihana ʻoihana a i ʻole ka alumina bauxite maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe e like me ka mea maka, i hana ʻia e ka wili maikaʻi ʻana i ka mea pōpō a i ʻole ke kino, i ka sintering wela kiʻekiʻe 1750-1900 ℃, a he mea huna nui ia, porosity haʻahaʻa, palaoa me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela maikaʻi loa i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka slag erosion, hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā abrasive refractory a me abrasive.
3. ʻO ke korundum papa ʻaina
ʻO ka corundum pā he ʻano pauka alumini oxide me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, kahi i wili mua ʻia, pelleted a maloʻo a calcined i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe o 1850-1950 ℃. Hoʻokumu ʻia me kahi pā i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia a me ka ʻano kristal flake me ka nui o ka palaoa. He mea refractory kūpono ia me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa ka nui maikaʻi, emi iki ma hope o ka refuing a me ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela ikaika. Hoʻopuka nui ʻia ka corundum pā ma ka sintering, akā ma ka hoʻoheheʻe uila hoʻi.
6) nā paʻakai alumini
ʻO nā paʻakai alumini e pili ana i nā hui o ka alumini. He kakaikahi wale nō nā paʻakai alumini i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i wehewehe ʻia ma ʻaneʻi.
1.Alumini sulfate
Loaʻa i ka alumini sulfate ka alumini sulfate a me ka polyaluminum sulfate, alumini ammonium sulfate (ammonium alum), alumini sulfate potassium (alum a potassium alum paha), ma ke ʻano maʻamau me ka sulfuric acid a me ka alumini hydroxide a i ʻole bauxite, kaolin, lehu lele a me nā hana hana minelala alumini ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka alumini sulfate ma ke ʻano he reagent ʻoihana, flocculant, mea mālama wai, hana pepa, a pēlā aku, a hoʻohana pū ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā huahana kemika ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ka alumini. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Polyaluminum sulfate no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai o luna; Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Alum ma ke ʻano he mea hū, mea hoʻopau a me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wai no ka meaʻai. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Alum i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna Kina a me ka pauka bakena. Hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi i ka hana pepa, ka pena ʻana a me ka mea pale wai.
2.Aluminiuma klorido
Hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini chloride a me ka polyaluminum chloride (aluminum sol) i loko o ka carbonate o ka alumini, kahi i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma o ka hopena o ka waikawa hydrochloric me ka alumini metala, alumini hydroxide a i ʻole nā minelala i loaʻa ka alumini. ʻO ka alumini chloride a me ka polyaluminum chloride kahi ʻano mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka hopena maikaʻi, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka pepa ana, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ke kō, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka lole anti-wrinkle, ka mea lawe catalyst, ka mea hoʻopaʻa, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe lāʻau lapaʻau, ka hoʻonohonoho wikiwiki ʻana o ka sima, nā mea maka cosmetic, a pēlā aku.
3.Alumini fluoride a me ka sodium fluoride
ʻO ka fluoride aluminium a me ka sodium fluoaluminate ʻelua mau paʻakai fluoride nui. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka fluoride alumini ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoponopono i loko o ka medium hoʻomaʻemaʻe alumini electrolytic. He pauka keʻokeʻo ia me ka crystallization e like me ka nila. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka fluoride alumini he ʻano pulu a me ke ʻano maloʻo. Ma muli o nā koi o ka palekana o ke kaiapuni, ua hoʻopau ʻia ke ʻano pulu a hoʻohana nui ʻia ke ʻano maloʻo no ka hana ʻana. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hana maloʻo o ka alumini fluoride e komo pū ana me ke kaʻina hana moe wai kahe o Luqi Company ma Kelemania, ke kaʻina hana moe wai multi-layer o Booth company ma Switzerland a me ke kaʻina hana HF synthesis ALF3 o nā umu wela kūloko a me waho o Pincnair company ma Farani. ʻO ke kaʻina hana maloʻo ka hana ʻana i ka calcium sulfate (gypsum) a me ke kinoea HF ma o ka hopena o ka fluorite a me ka sulfuric acid, a laila e hana i ka alumini fluoride ma o ka hopena o ke kinoea HF a me ka alumini hydroxide ma hope o ka dehydration. Ke hana ka mea kanu phosphate fertilizer ma ka huahana o ka hana fluorosilicic acid o ka alumini fluoride, ʻo ke kaʻina hana pulu o ka hui Austrian Linz, ʻo ka mea mua e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka hoʻomehana mua ʻana o ka hopena fluorosilicic acid, a laila i loko o ka pahu i hoʻoulu ʻia me ka alumini hydroxide (a i ʻole ka slurry bauxite) ma kahi hopena mahana, alumini fluoride a me silica (precipitation); Hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻohana mua i ka wai ammonia a me ka hopena fluorosilicic acid, ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ammonium fluoride a me ka silica gel (precipitation), a laila me ka hopena ammonium fluoride a me ka alumini hydroxide ma lalo o kekahi hopena mahana a me ke kaomi, ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka alumini fluoride.
ʻO ka sodium fluoroaluminate (ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo cryolite) he fluoride paʻakikī, ʻo ia hoʻi he mau ʻāpana crystalline keʻokeʻo hina a i ʻole ka pauka, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka alumini electrolytic ma ke ʻano he solvent. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka sodium fluoroaluminate e pili ana i ke ʻano soda fluoroaluminate, kahi e hana mua ai me ka hydrofluoric acid a me ka alumini hydroxide e hana i ka fluoroaluminate, a laila hana me ka soda e synthesize i ka sodium fluoroaluminate (cryolite).
4. ʻO ka paʻakai alumini ʻē aʻe
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini nitrate ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoulu no ka synthesis organik, mordant i ka ʻoihana paʻi a me ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana, mea hoʻopau ʻili, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i hana pinepine ʻia ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka alumini a i ʻole ka alumini hydroxide me ka waikawa nitric.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka phosphate alumini ma ke ʻano he mea pepehi pepeke fumigating. Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ia ma ke puhi ʻana i ka pauka alumini i hui ʻia a me ka phosphorus ʻulaʻula.
Loaʻa i nā kānana molekala o ka moʻo alumini phosphate ka mana hoʻololi ion kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana catalytic a ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka hopena o ka alumini hydroxide a me ka waikawa phosphoric.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini dihydrogen tripolyphosphate ma ke ʻano he pigment anticorrosive, adsorbent (deodorant), ethylene i ka ethanol catalyst, ma ke ʻano he hopena maʻamau mai ka metala alumini a i ʻole ka alumini hydroxide me ka phosphoric acid.
ʻO ka silicate alumini ultrafine he pauka keʻokeʻo amorphous me ka hoʻokuʻu maikaʻi loa a me ke ʻano keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka uhi ʻana, ka ʻili, ka paʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana, ka paʻi ʻana i ka ʻīnika, ka hana pepa, ka palakiko, ka laholio a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i hui pū ʻia me nā pigments ʻē aʻe (pauka keʻokeʻo titanium). Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka silicate alumini kristal ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoulu no ka dehydration pae kinoea methanol e hana i ka dimethyl ether. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka silicate alumini maʻamau ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokaʻawale. Hoʻomākaukau pinepine ʻia ka silicate alumini ma ka hopena o ke aniani wai me ka alumini sulfate.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke aniani borate alumini e like me ka plastic, metala, a me nā mea hoʻoikaika seramika. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ua hui pū ʻia me ka alumini oxide a me ka boron a i ʻole ka boron oxide. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka mahana kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka alumini fluoride a me ka boron oxide i loko o ke ʻano kinoea o ka kristal borate alumini.
(vii) nā ʻano like ʻole o ka alumina a me nā huahana hoʻonui pili
ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka alumina he alumini carbonated, fiber alumini oxide, film alumini oxide, pauka SB, me ka aluminium gallium alloy shot, trimethyl-aluminium a me nā alumini organik ʻē aʻe kekahi huahana me ka ʻike loea kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka fiber Alumina he -Al2O3 fiber kristal hoʻokahi, -Al2O3 fiber lōʻihi, -Al2O3 fiber pōkole, i hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me ka metala, plastic, rubber, mea hoʻoikaika seramika, mea insulation refractory a me nā mea refractory no ke ala hoʻomaka rocket, emulsion wai-ʻaila, hui ʻaila-wai a me ka hoʻokaʻawale wai glue a me nā mea kānana, a hoʻohana pū ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea lawe catalyst no ka hoʻololi hydrocarbon. ʻO ka pauka SB ka mea maka no ka hydrogenation catalyst a me nā catalysts kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Alumina a me hydrogen e ka hopena ikaika o nā pellets alloy alumini-gallium i ka wai, he kaʻina hana hydrogen kūpono no nā kaʻa hydrogen-powered e hiki mai ana. Hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini Trimethyl ma ke ʻano he catalyst polymerization olefin, wahie rocket a me nā mea maka e hana ai i ka trimethyl gallium.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Bauxite ore e hana i nā mea refractory, nā flocculants mālama wai, nā proppants fracturing kahua aila, ka corundum brown a me ka sima alumina kiʻekiʻe, ka pauka calcium aluminate a i ʻole ka sima calcium aluminate, a pēlā aku, a hiki ke hana ʻia ka alumini-silicon alloy me ke ʻano hoʻomehana uila.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lepo ʻulaʻula i hana ʻia e ka alumina ma ke ʻano he desulfurizer a me ka mea hoʻomaikaʻi lepo no nā hale hana mana lanahu. Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana o ka sodium, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka sima, nā mea paia, ceramsite, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Mai ka lepo ʻulaʻula hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e unuhi i ka pauka hao, ka scandium kakaikahi, bismuth a me nā metala makamae ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā huahana waena o ka alumini oxide, ka sodium aluminate wai a me ka sodium aluminate paʻa (sintered clinker), hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka mea hoʻonui sima a hoʻohana ʻia paha i ka hana ʻana o ka mea hoʻonui; Hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia a unuhi ʻia ʻo Gallium, vanadium a me nā metala makamae ʻē aʻe mai ka wai ʻona makuahine waena i hana ʻia e alumina.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-15-2020